first aid slide

GENERAL GENERAL PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES

OFOFFIRST AIDFIRST AID

Dr. K.R.Mahapatro Dr. K.R.Mahapatro M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth)M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth)

Orthopaedics Specialist,Orthopaedics Specialist,DHH, Koraput.DHH, Koraput.

((

HISTORYHISTORY

1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. 1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AT EUROPEAT EUROPE

1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. 1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AT INDIAAT INDIA

1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. 1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)

AIMS OF FIRST AIDAIMS OF FIRST AID TO SAVE THE LIFE

OF THE PATIENT TO IMPROVE THE

CONDITION OF THE PATIENT AND NOT ALLOWING TO DETORIATE

SHIFTING OF THE PATIENT

SCOPE OF FIRST AIDSCOPE OF FIRST AID

DIAGNOSIS-HISTORY, SYMPTOM, SIGN

TREATMENTTRANSPOTATION

60% TO 80% OF 60% TO 80% OF THE PATIENTS THE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ADMITTED TO THE HOSPITAL THE HOSPITAL WITH TRAUMA WITH TRAUMA

HAVE HAVE MUSCULO-MUSCULO-SKELTAL SKELTAL TRAUMATRAUMA

CAUSE OF DEATHCAUSE OF DEATH

IN MINUTES- RESPIRATORY FAILURE

IN HOURS- BLEEDINGIN DAYS- ORGAN FAILURE

& FAT EMBOLISMIN WEEKS- INFECTION

35% OF THE DEATH COULD 35% OF THE DEATH COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN

FIRST THREE HOURS OF FIRST THREE HOURS OF INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS

TREATMENT)TREATMENT)

CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY INJUREDINJURED

FIRST-TO GET THE PATIENT TO HOSPITAL ALIVE

SECOND- TO PROVIDE EXPERT SURGICAL & ANAESTHETIC CARE, IMMEDIATELY AFTER ARRIVAL

3 R’S FOR TRAUMA 3 R’S FOR TRAUMA MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

RESUSITATIONRECONSTRUCTIONREHABILTATION

RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID

GET HELP

POLICE- 100 FIRE STATION-101 AMBULANCE-102

When to Call 102When to Call 102

Any life threatening or injury situationIf you are light headed and think you may

lose consciousnessAlone in the facility and seriously injuredWhen someone is injured

seriously


CHECK THE ABC

A-AIRWAY B-BREATHING C-CIRCULATION

First Aid and CPRFirst Aid and CPR

Know how to get help

Let us help you

Get help as quickly as possible Get help as quickly as possible Be aware of your own conditionBe aware of your own condition

Are you dizzy ? Light headed? Chilled and sweating? Shortness of breath ? Pain in center of chest spreading to neck, shoulder or arms? Something gets caught in your throat Sudden weakness/numbness of the face Loss of speech / trouble talking or understanding speech Sudden severe headache Are you diabetic? eating or checking you blood sugar? Are you allergic to certain things / been stung by a bee before?

Time is critical - Time is critical - do what you can do what you can before the before the

unexpectedunexpected happens happens Keep a Blood Group card Taking medications? - keep a list in your pocket Let us know any special needs for your condition Update information and the emergency contact info

in Human Resources 2 times per year

Emergency


CHECK FOR BLEEDING

MANUAL PRESSURE

BANDAGE ELEVATION PRESSURE POINT TOURNIQUETE


AVOID UNNECESSARY MOVEMENT


AVOID GIVING FOODS


AVOID EXTERNAL APPLICATION TO THE OPEN WOUND LIKE LIME & HALDI


LOOK FOR THE SIGNS OF SHOCK

WEEKNESS ANXIOUS/RESTLESS COLD SKIN PALE SWEATING TRACHYCARDIA COMPROMISED

RESPIRATION

MOUTH TO MOUTH MOUTH TO MOUTH RESPIRATION RESPIRATION

& & EXTERNAL CARDIAC EXTERNAL CARDIAC

MASSAGEMASSAGE

SUFFOCATIONSUFFOCATION

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

LOSS OF CONSIOUSNESS

PULSE RESPIRATION CONGESTED FACE

& BLUE DISCOLORATION

TREATMENT OF TREATMENT OF SUFFOCATIONSUFFOCATION

REMOVAL FROM THE ACCIDENT SITE

REMOVE THE FB FROM MOUTHCORRECT POSTURE-SUPINE,

HYPEREXTENSION OF NECK & LIFTING OF LOWER JAW

OBSERVE THE RESPIRATION& ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION SOS

CRP FREQUENCYCRP FREQUENCYMOUTH TO MOUTH RESPMOUTH TO MOUTH RESP10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT

EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGEEXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE60/MIN IN ADULT60/MIN IN ADULT

WITH TWO ASSISTANTWITH TWO ASSISTANT1 RESP- 5 ECM1 RESP- 5 ECM

WITH SINGLE PERSONWITH SINGLE PERSON2RESP- 15 ECM2RESP- 15 ECM

FRACTUREFRACTURE

CAUSE OF FRACTURECAUSE OF FRACTURE

DIRECT FORCEINDIRECT FORCEMUSCLE FORCE

TYPES OF FRACTURESTYPES OF FRACTURES

SIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPLICATED

Crush Injury HandCrush Injury Hand

Crush Injury FootCrush Injury Foot

TYPES OF FRACTURESTYPES OF FRACTURES

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

SWELLINGPAINLOSS OF MOVEMENTDEFORMITYFRACTURE CREPITATIONABNORMAL MOBILITY

SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS

TREATMENT PRIORITYTREATMENT PRIORITY

AIRWAYBREATHINGBLEEDINGFRACTURE

TREATMENTTREATMENTLIFE SAVING MEASURESDON’T WASH OR APPLY

OINTMENT IN OPEN #ELEVATIONIMMOBILISATION OF

FRACTURE

ELEVATIONELEVATION

IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE

BANDAGESPLINT

What first aid you should do ?What first aid you should do ?

What we do at hospitalWhat we do at hospital

Fracture LegFracture Leg

What you doWhat you do

What we do at HospitalWhat we do at Hospital

SPECIAL FRACTURESPECIAL FRACTUREMANDIBLE FRACTURE SPINEFRACTURE COLAR BONEFRACTURE HUMERUSFRACTURE FOREARMFRACTURE PELVISFRACTURE LOWER LIMB

FRACTURE PELVISFRACTURE PELVIS

COMPOUND FRACTURECOMPOUND FRACTURE

TREATMENT OF COMPOUND TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTUREFRACTURE

CLEAN WITH NORMAL SALINEPUT A STRILE PAD OR CLEAN

CLOTHIMMOBILISATION

TREATMENT OF COMPOUND TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTUREFRACTURE

SPRAINSSPRAINS

SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS

SWELLINGPAINPAINFUL MOVEMENTTENDERNESS

TREATMENTTREATMENTRESTICEPACKELEVATIONNSAIDNO MASSAGENO OINTMENTNO HOT-FOMENTATION

DISLOCATIONDISLOCATION

NEVER TRY TO REDUCE OR MANIPULATE

IMMOBILISE IN DISLOCATED POSITION AND REFER TO HOSPITAL

DISLOCATIONDISLOCATION

WOUNDS WOUNDS AND AND

BLEEDINGBLEEDING

TYPES OF WOUNDSTYPES OF WOUNDSINCISED

WOUNDLACERATED

WOUNDPUNCTURED

WOUNDCONTUSIONABRASION

TYPES OF WOUNDSTYPES OF WOUNDS

COMPLICATION OF WOUNDSCOMPLICATION OF WOUNDS

BLEEDING (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)

INFECTION

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF BLEEDINGBLEEDING

SWEATINGLOSS OF CONSIOUSNESSPALE SKINRIGORTRACHYCARDIATRACHEPNOEA

CONTROL OF BLEEDINGCONTROL OF BLEEDING

MANUAL PRESSUREBANDAGEELEVATIONPRESSURE POINTTOURNIQUETE

PRESSURE POINTPRESSURE POINT

POISONINGPOISONING

TYPES OF POISONINGTYPES OF POISONING

AS FOOD- Acid, insecticidesTHROUGH RESPIRATION- Carbon

monoxideTHROUGH INJECTION-Snake Bite, Dog

Bite, Wrong Injection

TREATMENT OF POISONINGTREATMENT OF POISONING

Refer the patient immediately to hospital and send the remaining of the poisoning to the hospital.

Induce Vomiting immediately with the finger or saturated common salt solution. Contradiction to vomiting- Acid poisoning & unconscious patient

BURNSBURNSBURNS

TYPES OF BURN INJURYTYPES OF BURN INJURY

SUPERFICIAL & DEEPDRY, WET, CHEMICAL, & ATOMIC

CASES REQUIRE REFERRALCASES REQUIRE REFERRAL

Children more than 15% burnAdults more than 35 % burn

RULES OF NINERULES OF NINE

MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTRetrieval of patient from fireDon’t remove the burned dress from woundCover the body with cleaned clothRemove the belt, rings etc.Don’t rupture the blebsGive sufficient ORSChemical Burn -wash with water

TRANSPOTATION TRANSPOTATION OF INJURED OF INJURED

PERSONPERSON

TRANSPOTATION OF TRANSPOTATION OF INJURED PERSONINJURED PERSON

WITH ONE PERSONWITH TWO PERSONSWITH MULTIPLE PERSONS

WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONHUMAN CRUTCHHUMAN CRUTCH

WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONCRADLECRADLE

WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONFIREMAN LIFT & CARRYFIREMAN LIFT & CARRY

WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONPICK & BACKPICK & BACK

WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSFOUR HAND SEATFOUR HAND SEAT

WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSTHREE HAND SEATTHREE HAND SEAT

WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSFIRE & AFT METHODFIRE & AFT METHOD

WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSTWO HAND SEATTWO HAND SEAT

WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER

WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHER, CROSSING THE WALLSTREACHER, CROSSING THE WALL

WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHER, DOWN THE STAIR-CASESTREACHER, DOWN THE STAIR-CASE

WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER

RULES OF STREACHERRULES OF STREACHER

FOOT OF THE PATIENT SHOULD FACE FRONT SIDE EXCEPT DURING GOING UP IN STAIR CASE & LIFTING IN TO AMBULANCE

IMPROVISED METHOD

OF

PREPARING

STREACHER

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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Health & Medicine