Download - First aid slide
GENERAL GENERAL PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES
OFOFFIRST AIDFIRST AID
Dr. K.R.Mahapatro Dr. K.R.Mahapatro M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth)M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth)
Orthopaedics Specialist,Orthopaedics Specialist,DHH, Koraput.DHH, Koraput.
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HISTORYHISTORY
1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. 1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AT EUROPEAT EUROPE
1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. 1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AT INDIAAT INDIA
1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. 1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC. AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)
AIMS OF FIRST AIDAIMS OF FIRST AID TO SAVE THE LIFE
OF THE PATIENT TO IMPROVE THE
CONDITION OF THE PATIENT AND NOT ALLOWING TO DETORIATE
SHIFTING OF THE PATIENT
SCOPE OF FIRST AIDSCOPE OF FIRST AID
DIAGNOSIS-HISTORY, SYMPTOM, SIGN
TREATMENTTRANSPOTATION
60% TO 80% OF 60% TO 80% OF THE PATIENTS THE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ADMITTED TO THE HOSPITAL THE HOSPITAL WITH TRAUMA WITH TRAUMA
HAVE HAVE MUSCULO-MUSCULO-SKELTAL SKELTAL TRAUMATRAUMA
CAUSE OF DEATHCAUSE OF DEATH
IN MINUTES- RESPIRATORY FAILURE
IN HOURS- BLEEDINGIN DAYS- ORGAN FAILURE
& FAT EMBOLISMIN WEEKS- INFECTION
35% OF THE DEATH COULD 35% OF THE DEATH COULD HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN
FIRST THREE HOURS OF FIRST THREE HOURS OF INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS
TREATMENT)TREATMENT)
CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY INJUREDINJURED
FIRST-TO GET THE PATIENT TO HOSPITAL ALIVE
SECOND- TO PROVIDE EXPERT SURGICAL & ANAESTHETIC CARE, IMMEDIATELY AFTER ARRIVAL
3 R’S FOR TRAUMA 3 R’S FOR TRAUMA MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
RESUSITATIONRECONSTRUCTIONREHABILTATION
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
GET HELP
POLICE- 100 FIRE STATION-101 AMBULANCE-102
When to Call 102When to Call 102
Any life threatening or injury situationIf you are light headed and think you may
lose consciousnessAlone in the facility and seriously injuredWhen someone is injured
seriously
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
CHECK THE ABC
A-AIRWAY B-BREATHING C-CIRCULATION
First Aid and CPRFirst Aid and CPR
Know how to get help
Let us help you
Get help as quickly as possible Get help as quickly as possible Be aware of your own conditionBe aware of your own condition
Are you dizzy ? Light headed? Chilled and sweating? Shortness of breath ? Pain in center of chest spreading to neck, shoulder or arms? Something gets caught in your throat Sudden weakness/numbness of the face Loss of speech / trouble talking or understanding speech Sudden severe headache Are you diabetic? eating or checking you blood sugar? Are you allergic to certain things / been stung by a bee before?
Time is critical - Time is critical - do what you can do what you can before the before the
unexpectedunexpected happens happens Keep a Blood Group card Taking medications? - keep a list in your pocket Let us know any special needs for your condition Update information and the emergency contact info
in Human Resources 2 times per year
Emergency
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
CHECK FOR BLEEDING
MANUAL PRESSURE
BANDAGE ELEVATION PRESSURE POINT TOURNIQUETE
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID UNNECESSARY MOVEMENT
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID GIVING FOODS
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID EXTERNAL APPLICATION TO THE OPEN WOUND LIKE LIME & HALDI
RULES OF FIRST AIDRULES OF FIRST AID
LOOK FOR THE SIGNS OF SHOCK
WEEKNESS ANXIOUS/RESTLESS COLD SKIN PALE SWEATING TRACHYCARDIA COMPROMISED
RESPIRATION
MOUTH TO MOUTH MOUTH TO MOUTH RESPIRATION RESPIRATION
& & EXTERNAL CARDIAC EXTERNAL CARDIAC
MASSAGEMASSAGE
SUFFOCATIONSUFFOCATION
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
LOSS OF CONSIOUSNESS
PULSE RESPIRATION CONGESTED FACE
& BLUE DISCOLORATION
TREATMENT OF TREATMENT OF SUFFOCATIONSUFFOCATION
REMOVAL FROM THE ACCIDENT SITE
REMOVE THE FB FROM MOUTHCORRECT POSTURE-SUPINE,
HYPEREXTENSION OF NECK & LIFTING OF LOWER JAW
OBSERVE THE RESPIRATION& ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION SOS
CRP FREQUENCYCRP FREQUENCYMOUTH TO MOUTH RESPMOUTH TO MOUTH RESP10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT
EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGEEXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE60/MIN IN ADULT60/MIN IN ADULT
WITH TWO ASSISTANTWITH TWO ASSISTANT1 RESP- 5 ECM1 RESP- 5 ECM
WITH SINGLE PERSONWITH SINGLE PERSON2RESP- 15 ECM2RESP- 15 ECM
FRACTUREFRACTURE
CAUSE OF FRACTURECAUSE OF FRACTURE
DIRECT FORCEINDIRECT FORCEMUSCLE FORCE
TYPES OF FRACTURESTYPES OF FRACTURES
SIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPLICATED
Crush Injury HandCrush Injury Hand
Crush Injury HandCrush Injury Hand
Crush Injury HandCrush Injury Hand
Crush Injury FootCrush Injury Foot
Crush Injury FootCrush Injury Foot
TYPES OF FRACTURESTYPES OF FRACTURES
TYPES OF FRACTURESTYPES OF FRACTURES
TYPES OF FRACTURESTYPES OF FRACTURES
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SWELLINGPAINLOSS OF MOVEMENTDEFORMITYFRACTURE CREPITATIONABNORMAL MOBILITY
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT PRIORITYTREATMENT PRIORITY
AIRWAYBREATHINGBLEEDINGFRACTURE
TREATMENTTREATMENTLIFE SAVING MEASURESDON’T WASH OR APPLY
OINTMENT IN OPEN #ELEVATIONIMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE
ELEVATIONELEVATION
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
BANDAGESPLINT
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
What first aid you should do ?What first aid you should do ?
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
What we do at hospitalWhat we do at hospital
Fracture LegFracture Leg
What you doWhat you do
What we do at HospitalWhat we do at Hospital
SPECIAL FRACTURESPECIAL FRACTUREMANDIBLE FRACTURE SPINEFRACTURE COLAR BONEFRACTURE HUMERUSFRACTURE FOREARMFRACTURE PELVISFRACTURE LOWER LIMB
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
IMMOBILISATION OF IMMOBILISATION OF FRACTUREFRACTURE
FRACTURE PELVISFRACTURE PELVIS
COMPOUND FRACTURECOMPOUND FRACTURE
TREATMENT OF COMPOUND TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTUREFRACTURE
CLEAN WITH NORMAL SALINEPUT A STRILE PAD OR CLEAN
CLOTHIMMOBILISATION
TREATMENT OF COMPOUND TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTUREFRACTURE
TREATMENT OF COMPOUND TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTUREFRACTURE
SPRAINSSPRAINS
SPRAINSSPRAINS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMSSIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SWELLINGPAINPAINFUL MOVEMENTTENDERNESS
TREATMENTTREATMENTRESTICEPACKELEVATIONNSAIDNO MASSAGENO OINTMENTNO HOT-FOMENTATION
DISLOCATIONDISLOCATION
NEVER TRY TO REDUCE OR MANIPULATE
IMMOBILISE IN DISLOCATED POSITION AND REFER TO HOSPITAL
DISLOCATIONDISLOCATION
WOUNDS WOUNDS AND AND
BLEEDINGBLEEDING
TYPES OF WOUNDSTYPES OF WOUNDSINCISED
WOUNDLACERATED
WOUNDPUNCTURED
WOUNDCONTUSIONABRASION
TYPES OF WOUNDSTYPES OF WOUNDS
TYPES OF WOUNDSTYPES OF WOUNDS
COMPLICATION OF WOUNDSCOMPLICATION OF WOUNDS
BLEEDING (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
INFECTION
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF BLEEDINGBLEEDING
SWEATINGLOSS OF CONSIOUSNESSPALE SKINRIGORTRACHYCARDIATRACHEPNOEA
CONTROL OF BLEEDINGCONTROL OF BLEEDING
MANUAL PRESSUREBANDAGEELEVATIONPRESSURE POINTTOURNIQUETE
PRESSURE POINTPRESSURE POINT
POISONINGPOISONING
TYPES OF POISONINGTYPES OF POISONING
AS FOOD- Acid, insecticidesTHROUGH RESPIRATION- Carbon
monoxideTHROUGH INJECTION-Snake Bite, Dog
Bite, Wrong Injection
TREATMENT OF POISONINGTREATMENT OF POISONING
Refer the patient immediately to hospital and send the remaining of the poisoning to the hospital.
Induce Vomiting immediately with the finger or saturated common salt solution. Contradiction to vomiting- Acid poisoning & unconscious patient
BURNSBURNSBURNS
TYPES OF BURN INJURYTYPES OF BURN INJURY
SUPERFICIAL & DEEPDRY, WET, CHEMICAL, & ATOMIC
CASES REQUIRE REFERRALCASES REQUIRE REFERRAL
Children more than 15% burnAdults more than 35 % burn
RULES OF NINERULES OF NINE
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENTRetrieval of patient from fireDon’t remove the burned dress from woundCover the body with cleaned clothRemove the belt, rings etc.Don’t rupture the blebsGive sufficient ORSChemical Burn -wash with water
TRANSPOTATION TRANSPOTATION OF INJURED OF INJURED
PERSONPERSON
TRANSPOTATION OF TRANSPOTATION OF INJURED PERSONINJURED PERSON
WITH ONE PERSONWITH TWO PERSONSWITH MULTIPLE PERSONS
WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONHUMAN CRUTCHHUMAN CRUTCH
WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONCRADLECRADLE
WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONFIREMAN LIFT & CARRYFIREMAN LIFT & CARRY
WITH ONE PERSONWITH ONE PERSONPICK & BACKPICK & BACK
WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSFOUR HAND SEATFOUR HAND SEAT
WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSTHREE HAND SEATTHREE HAND SEAT
WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSFIRE & AFT METHODFIRE & AFT METHOD
WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSTWO HAND SEATTWO HAND SEAT
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHER, CROSSING THE WALLSTREACHER, CROSSING THE WALL
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHER, CROSSING THE WALLSTREACHER, CROSSING THE WALL
WITH FOUR PERSONSWITH FOUR PERSONSSTREACHER, DOWN THE STAIR-CASESTREACHER, DOWN THE STAIR-CASE
WITH TWO PERSONSWITH TWO PERSONSSTREACHERSTREACHER
RULES OF STREACHERRULES OF STREACHER
FOOT OF THE PATIENT SHOULD FACE FRONT SIDE EXCEPT DURING GOING UP IN STAIR CASE & LIFTING IN TO AMBULANCE
IMPROVISED METHOD
OF
PREPARING
STREACHER
THANK YOUTHANK YOU