FIRST AID PRINCIPLES

By:- Firoz QureshiDept. of Psychiatric Nursing

What is First Aid?

First aid is the first assistance or treatment given to a casualty before the arrival of an ambulance or qualified expert.

Definition

First Aid is the immediate and temporary care given to victim of an accident or sudden illness until the services of a doctor can be obtained or during transportation to hospital or casualty’s home.

The Objects of FIRST AID is to:

I. Save Life

II. Prevent the Injury or condition becoming worse

III. To Ease Pain

The Objects of FIRST AID is to:

Save Life

That is to know how to :

Stop BleedingCarryout Artificial RespirationTreat Shock

Stop Bleeding

Carryout Artificial Respiration+CPR

Causes of Respiratory /Cardiac Arrest

Electrical

Drowning

Trauma

Drugs

Allergic Reactions

Heart Attack

Toxic , Noxious gases &

Suffocation

Reaction Time

Chance of brain damageIf , CPR administered in late

0 to 4 minutes –4 to 6 minutes – 6 to 10 minutes –10 minutes & after

Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done immediately

Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain

ABCLeft Chin / head tilt

Look.-listen-feel for breath

Attempt to Ventilate Ventilate Every 5 seconds

Establish responsiveness

Check pulse

Recovery position

Airway ObstructionsOpen

Closed

Obstructed

Tongue

30 Compressions to 2 Breaths

Choking /Heimlich Maneuver

for Conscious Airway Obstruction

Treat the ShockShock affects all major functions of the body

loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs

Shock must be treated in all accident cases

Treatment for ShockLie victim down if possibleFace is pale-raise the tailFace is red-raise the headLoosen tight clothingKeep victim warm and dryDo not give anything by mouthNo stimulants

The Objects of FIRST AID is to:

To Prevent an Injury Becoming Worse by:

Protection of the wound.

Immobilization of a broken bone.

Protection of the wound.

Control of Bleeding

Direct PressureElevation

Cold ApplicationsPressure bandage

Pressure Points Where the artery

passes over a bone close to the skin

TemporalFacialCarotid

Sub-clavianBrachialRadialUlna

FemoralPoplitealPedal

TourniquetAbsolute last resort in controlling bleeding Remember - Life or limb

Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor

Immobilization of a broken bone

The Objects of FIRST AID is to:

To Ease Pain

That is to know how to :

Least possible movement

Gentle Handling

Supporting casualty in a good position

Least Possible movement to easy pain

by . . . . . .

Least Possible movement to

easy pain by . . . . . .

Gentile handling

Supporting casualty in a good position

Recovery Position

The FIRST AID Provider Task is to:

Find out what happened without endangering him or herself

Reassure and protect the person from any further danger.

Deal with the injury or condition as required

Arrange for travel home or to hospital as necessary.

BurnsCool application Don’t break blisters Dry sterile dressing, treat for

shockRAPID TRANSPORT!!!

Treatment : Severe Burns and Scalds

Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes. Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible,

protecting burn area from ground contact. Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the

injured area before it begins to swell. Cover the injured area loosely with sterile un-medicated dressing or

similar non fluffy material and bandage. Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn. Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury. Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area. Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering. If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately, If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery

position. Treat for shock. Send for medical attention and prep for transport.

Qualities of FIRST AIDER

Observant Tactful Resourceful Discriminating Preserving Sympathetic Initiative and ability to improvise Powers of leader shiphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUt1xXASm_s

PRINCIPLE OF First-Aid

Provide Fresh Air The CASULATY must be removed at

once from any source of danger OR the source of danger From the casualty.

STOP bleeding Give Artificial Respiration Treat for SHOCK Reassure the casualty

Don’t discuss the condition of the patient in front of him.

Pain must be relieved by supporting the injured part

Do not allow people to crowd around Do not attempt too much Do not remove clothes unnecessarily Death is not to be assumed because

sign of life are absent Arrange transport to hospital by

ambulance

What Equipment is needed?

Think about big picture?What material you needed?How much of quantity?Where you should keep it?How to access the stock in need?

What Equipment is needed?

You do not need any special Equipment OR material for First-Aid.

What Equipment is needed?

You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.

First Aid kit does contain many useful

items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.

What Equipment is needed?

You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.

First Aid kit does contain many useful items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.

You should use whatever you have readily available and improvise it necessary.

In all incidents where there are several casualties, the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most seriously injured.

Note:

Priorities

A B C must be established within three minutes if the casualty is unconscious in order to prevent him/her from permanent injury.

Priorities

Airway (the passage between the mouth, nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking

Breathing must be established and maintained

PrioritiesAirway (the passage between the mouth,

nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking

Breathing must be established and maintained

Circulation of blood must be maintained.

Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!

How You Will Proceed?

Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!

How You Will Proceed? Answer : STEP-UP (3B+O), DR(AVPU)ABC

Thank You for your

PATIENCE & LEARNING