2. principles of first aid in emergencies
TRANSCRIPT
Compiled & Presented by:Tariq Mughal
What is First Aid?
Definition
I. Save Life
II. Prevent the Injury or condition becoming worse
III. To Ease Pain
Save Life
That is to know how to :
Stop BleedingCarryout Artificial RespirationTreat Shock
Electrical
Drowning
Trauma
Drugs
Allergic Reactions
Heart Attack
Toxic , Noxious gases &
Suffocation
Chance of brain damageIf , CPR administered in late
0 to 4 minutes –4 to 6 minutes – 6 to 10 minutes –10 minutes & after
Recovery rate of victim if has Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done artificial respiration done immediately immediately
Oxygenated blood flow must get to brain
Left Chin / head tilt
Look.-listen-feel for breath
Attempt to Ventilate Ventilate Every 5 seconds
Establish responsiveness
Check pulse
Recovery position
Open
Closed
Obstructed
Tongue
30 Compressions to 2 Breaths
Shock affects all major functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the tissues and organs
Shock must be treated in all accident cases
Lie victim down if possibleLie victim down if possible
Face is pale-raise the tailFace is pale-raise the tail
Face is red-raise the headFace is red-raise the head
Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing
Keep victim warm and dryKeep victim warm and dry
Do not give anything by mouthDo not give anything by mouth
No stimulantsNo stimulants
To Prevent an Injury Becoming Worse by:
Protection of the wound.
Immobilization of a broken bone.
Direct PressureElevation
Cold ApplicationsPressure bandage
Where the artery passes over a bone close to the skin
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulna
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
Absolute last resort in controlling bleeding Remember - Life or limb
Once a tourniquet is applied, it is not to be removed , only by a doctor
Immobilization of a broken bone
To Ease Pain
That is to know how to :
Least possible movement
Gentle Handling
Supporting casualty in a good position
Least Possible movement to easy pain by . . . . . .
Gentile handling
Supporting casualty in a good position
Find out what happened without endangering him or herself
Reassure and protect the person from any further danger.
Deal with the injury or condition as required
Arrange for travel home or to hospital as necessary.
Cool applicationDon’t break blisters
Dry sterile dressing, treat for shock
RAPID TRANSPORT!!!
Treatment : Severe Burns and Scalds
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes.
Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from ground contact.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell.
Cover the injured area loosely with sterile un-medicated dressing or similar non fluffy material and bandage.
Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.
Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.
Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery position.
Treat for shock.
Send for medical attention and prep for transport.
Observant Tactful Resourceful Discriminating Preserving Sympathetic Initiative and ability to improvise Powers of leader shiphttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUt1xXASm_s
Provide Fresh Air The CASULATY must be removed at
once from any source of danger OR the source of danger From the casualty.
STOP bleeding Give Artificial Respiration Treat for SHOCK Reassure the casualty
Don’t discuss the condition of the patient in front of him.
Pain must be relieved by supporting the injured part
Do not allow people to crowd around Do not attempt too much Do not remove clothes unnecessarily Death is not to be assumed because
sign of life are absent Arrange transport to hospital by
ambulance
Think about big picture?What material you needed?How much of quantity?Where you should keep it?How to access the stock in need?
You do not need any special Equipment OR material for First-Aid.
You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.
First Aid kit does contain many useful
items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.
You do not need any special equipment OR material for First-Aid.
First Aid kit does contain many useful items such as bandages and dressings but a good first aider does not depend on.
You should use whatever you have readily available and improvise it necessary.
In all incidents where there are several casualties, the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most severely injured must always be treated first but remember, the noisy casualty may not be the most seriously injured.
Note:
A B C must be established within three minutes if the casualty is unconscious in order to prevent him/her from permanent injury.
Airway (the passage between the mouth, nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking
Breathing must be established and maintained
Airway (the passage between the mouth, nose and throat) must be opened and kept open if the casualty is unconscious or choking
Breathing must be established and maintained
Circulation of blood must be maintained.
Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!
How You Will How You Will Proceed?Proceed?
Visualize by Imagine the casualty seen!
How You Will Proceed?How You Will Proceed? Answer : Answer : STEP-UP (3B+O), STEP-UP (3B+O), DR(AVPU)ABCDR(AVPU)ABC
Thank You for your
PATIENCE & LEARNING