fire safety presentation

7/29/2019 Fire Safety Presentation

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Fire prevention and control


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TOPIC

NECESSARY TO PROVIDE FULL FIRE PREVENTION ANDCONTROL WHILST TESTING OF MACHINERY AND

EQUIPMENT IS IN PROGRESS


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TO DISCUSS

What is Fire

How Fires are Initiated.

How to prevent Fires

How Fires are Classified.

How to Extinguish Small Fires.

How to Identify the Proper Fire Extinguisher.

How to Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher.

How to Inspect a Portable Fire Extinguisher.

What to do if Trapped in a Burning Building.

OBJECTIVES


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BASIS

Fire is One of the Most Common Industrial Accidents.

300 Workers Per Year Lose Their Lives Due to Fire. 3 Billion Dollars Per Year Are Lost as a Result of Fire.

Training Greatly Lessens the Probability of Fire.


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THE SUPERVISORS ROLE

CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:

1. KNOWTHE FIRE HAZARDS IN YOUR AREA OF CONTROL

2. GET INVOLVED INTHE FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS.

3. OBTAIN ASSISTANCEFROM YOUR LOCAL FIRE INSPECTOR.

4. COMPLETE THE PAPERWORK(WORK ORDERS, POLICY

CHANGES, ETC.) TO MAKE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS.

5. ATTEND THE SAME TRA ININGAS YOUR WORKERS.

6. FOLLOW-UPON THE ACTIONS YOU TOOK.


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WHAT IS FIRE?

DEFINITION OF FIRE

FIRE IS A FORM OF HEAT PRODUCED BY

A CHAIN PROPOSIONAL CHEMICAL

REACTION OF OXYGEN, FUEL ANDIGNITION / HEAT


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THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

THE FIRE TRIANGLE:

TAKE ANY COMPONENT AWAY, THE FIRE CANNOT SURVIVE

FUELHEAT

OXYGEN


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Electrical.

Chemical.

Thermal.

Radiation.

IGNITION CAN BE:

Continued



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Solid.

Liquid.

Gas.

FUEL CAN BE:

Continued


In order to combust, the

right mixture of oxygenand fuel must be present.

SOLID LIQUID GAS


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The fuel air mixture must be right.

People need 19 percent to live.

Fire only needs 16 percent.

OXYGEN:

Continued


2


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Class - A Wood, paper, cloth, rubber, some plastics.

Class - B Gasoline, kerosene, paint, propane.

Class - C Electrical equipment (with power).

Class - D Metals like magnesium, titanium, sodium

THERE ARE FOUR CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE:

THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE

D


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Keep storage and working areas free of trash.

Place oily rags in covered containers.

Control smoking in the area.

Limit sources of possible ignition.

Keep passages and fire doors clear at all times. Know the locations of fire extinguishers.

CLASS A FIRES - ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES:

Continued


PREVENTIVE MEASURES


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Consider nonflammable substitutes for cleaners.

Only refuel equipment in well ventilated areas.

Properly store flammable liquids.

Use flammable liquids only in well ventilated areas.

Ensure storage drums are properly grounded.

Restrict hot work to authorized areas.

CLASS B FIRES - FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES:

Continued


PREVENTIVE MEASURES


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Inspect wiring and insulation frequently.

Do not rout wires under carpets or heavy objects. Ensure motors are kept clean and lubricated.

Be alert of unusual odors investigate immediately.

Ensure outlets and connections are not overloaded.

Never misuse fuses, look for correct rating.

Keep motors free of dust and excess grease.

Ensure machinery is properly maintained.

CLASS C FIRES - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:Continued


PREVENTIVE MEASURES


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Control dust and turnings. Follow established control procedures.

Never use wet sand or water to extinguish fires.

Moisture releases oxygen which can fuel the fire.

Metal fires can burn up to 5000 degrees. Metal fires can be extremely difficult to extinguish.

CLASS D FIRES - COMBUSTIBLE METALS:

Continued


D

PREVENTIVE MEASURES


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CAUSES OF FIRES

1. OPEN FLAME

Burners, Driers, Incinerators etc. not properly

located or protected.2. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Motor, Switches, Lights, Wiring that overheat /

short out.

3. FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND CHEMICALS

Petrol, Ethers, Alcohol, Sodium, Potassium, etc.

can be ignited by the smallest spark or static

electricity.


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CAUSES OF FIRES

Continue

4. SPONTANEOUS IGNITION

Slow build up of heat in piles of rubbish, oily

rags, dump waste.

5. FRICTION

Objects or materials rubbing against each other

6. SMOKING

Smoking in prohibited areas / careless disposal

of ashes, cigarette ends, Matches


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CAUSES OF FIRES

Continue

7. HOT SURFACES

Combustibles placed too close to Furnaces,

Flues, Pipes, Soldering Irons etc.

8. PORTABLE HEATERS

Gas Furnaces, Stoves, etc. too close to

combustibles; poorly vented / left on by

mistake.

9. WELDING AND CUTTING

Welding and cutting without proper safety

precaution


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CAUSES OF FIRES

Continue

10.MECHANICAL SPARKS

Caused by foreign metal objects in machinery

11.STATIC ELECTRICITY

Static electricity that produces static sparks,

most often in dry, low humidity areas.

12.ARSON

Fires deliberately started


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STAGES OF FIRES

1. INCIPIENT STAGE : No visible smoke, flame

or significant amount of combustible particles

are generated over a period of time2. SMOLDERING STAGE : Smoke is visible but

still there is no flame

3. FLAME STAGE : The point of ignition occursand the flame starts

4. HEAT STAGE : Large amount of heat, flame

and toxic gases are produced.


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CONTROL OF FIRES

1. STARVATION

- By removing combustible material

from the neighborhood of fire.

- By removing the fire from the

neighborhood of combustiblematerial.

- By sub-dividing the burning material


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CONTROL OF FIRESContinue

2. SMOTHERING

- Prevent or impede the access of fresh

air to the seat of fire by blanketing

- By using form or cloud of dry

chemicals.

3. COOLING

- Application of a jet or spray of water

to a fire.


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HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES

Point the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire.

Do not attempt to put out the flames. Cool the material below its ignition temperature.

Soak fibrous material to prevent re-ignition.

Establish a fire watch to ensure no re-ignition occurs.

Use water, foam or multi-purpose dry chemicals.

CLASS A FIRES - ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES:


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Continued

CLASS B FIRES - FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES:

Point the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire.

Do not attempt to put out the flames. Attempt to prevent oxygenation of the fire.

Close solvent tanks lids etc.

Know that the fire may flare up momentarily.

Use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemicals.


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Continued

CLASS C FIRES - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:

Extinguishing agent cannot conduct electricity.

Disconnect power to the source ASAP. Ensure the extinguisher doesnt make contact.

Do not attempt to use water based extinguishers.

Electrical fires can effect circuitry downstream.

Use carbon dioxide, dry chemicals and halon.


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Continued

CLASS D FIRES - COMBUSTIBLE METALS:

Multi-purpose extinguishing agent leaves a residue.

The agent cools the metal to below its ignition temp.

These residues are harmful to electronic equipment.

Attempt to prevent oxygenation of the fire.

Use agents that deprive oxygen.

Know that metal fires burn extremely hot (5000 deg.).

Use carbon dioxide and halon.

D


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HOW TO SELECT A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Nature of the combustibles or flammables.

Potential severity of the resulting fire.- size, speed of travel, intensity etc.

Effectiveness of the extinguisher on the type

material.

The easy use of the fire extinguisher.

The personnel available to operate the extinguisher.

The physical and emotional ability of the user.

SELECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEPENDS ON:


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HOW TO SELECT A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

The ambient conditions (wind, drafts, fumes etc.).

Adverse reactions of the extinguishing agent.

Health and operational safety concerns.

Upkeep and maintenance of the extinguisher.

SELECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEPENDS ON:

Continued

D


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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

MULTI-PURPOSEDRY CHEMICAL

IDENTIFYING THE PROPER FIREEXTINGUISHER


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USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

CHECK THE GAUGE

KIDS DONT T

Y THIS AT HOME!

Y THIS AT HOME!


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PULL THE PIN

Continued

KIDS DONT T

Y THIS AT HOME!

Y THIS AT HOME!


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SQUEEZE THE TRIGGERWHILE HOLDING THEEXTINGUISHER UPRIGHT.

Continued

KIDS DONT T

Y THIS AT HOME!

Y THIS AT HOME!


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Continued


AIM THE EXTINGUISHER ATTHE BASE OF THE FLAMES.

SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE.


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METHODS OF EXTINGUISHER OPERATION

FIVE METHODS ARE IN COMMON USE:

Self-Expell ing- Sufficient vapor pressure to expelthemselves.

Gas Cartr idg e or Cylinder- A separate cylinder is activatedto pressurize the extinguisher to expel the agent.

Stored Pressu re- Extinguisher contents under contentconstant pressure.

Mechanical ly Pumped- The operator activates a pump toexpel the extinguishing agent.

Hand Propel led- The use of scoops, pails, or buckets.


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INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS:

Inspect fire extinguishers once per month.

Inspect more often if local fire codes require it.

Have fire extinguishers serviced once per year.

Service more often if local codes require it.

Document the monthly inspections on the card.

INSPECTION

CHECKLIST


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INSPECTION PROCEDURES:

Know the locations of your fire extinguishers.

Determine the likely types of fires in the area.

Ensure the extinguisher is the right type (A.B.C.).

Inspect for rust, dents or other signs of damage.

Inspect the seal for tampering or previous use.

Inspect the gauge and feel the weight.

Is the extinguisher full of agent?

Ensure the pin, nozzle and nameplate are intact.

Report missing or damaged extinguishers.

INSPECTION

CHECKLIST


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Continued

DANGER

NO SMOKINGNO FUMAR

4 31

ACETYLENE

GAS

INSPECTION

CHECKLIST

KIDSDON TT

YTHISAT HOME!

YTHISAT HOME!

ENSURE HAZARDOUS

AREAS HAVE FIREEXTINGUISHERS

POSITIONED FOR

READY USAGE.


INSPECT NOT ONLY

THE EXTINGUISHERS,

BUT ENSURE THAT

AREAS NEEDING

THEM HAVE THEM

ON HAND.


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If you have no escape route.

If the fire begins to significantly spread.

If the extinguisher proves to be ineffective.

If there is a choice between life and property.

If youre unsure you can handle the situation.

If you are injured and it will impede your escape.

If the extinguisher is not designed for the type fire.

If any drums, gases, and like materials are engulfed.

WHEN TO CALL FOR HELP!:

WHEN TO CALL FOR HELP


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EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

INSPECTION PROCEDURES:

Read the emergency action plan.

Know the evacuation alarm.

Know the locations of your fire extinguishers.

Know the primary and secondary escape routes.

Know where handicapped workers are located.

Do not use elevators, electricity may not work.

Conduct periodic exercises to iron out problems.

Know where the assembly point is located.

Begin role call immediately at the assembly point.

Inform management of missing persons.

EAP


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EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES:

Follow the plan.

Do not lock doors when evacuating.

Scan for injured on the way out.

Do not use elevators, electricity may not work.

Know where possible false exits are.

Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases.

Cover your mouth with a wet cloth.

In multi-story buildings head for stairwells.

In stairwells never go up!

Once outside go to the assembly point.

EAP


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EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES:

Never leave the grounds unless you are in danger.

- Emergency responders may search for the missing. Ensure management knows where you are!

Try and remember where your co-workers are.

Inform management of pertinent information.

EAP


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ESCAPING FROM FIRES SAFELY

1. KNOW YOUR WAY OUT AHEAD OF TIME.

a) Prepare by Learning two different ways out of your

room / building.b) Practice fire escape plan with all crew regularly.

2. KNOW WHEN TO KEEP THE DOOR CLOSED.

a) If there is a fire, and you are in a room with the door

closed, you may not be able to open the door and

leave. Check to see if smoke is entering in your room

if you see smoke, DO NOT OPEN THE DOOR!.


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ESCAPING FROM FIRES SAFELYContinue

d

b) If you can not safely escape from another route, stay

where you are and wait for help.

c) Block the gap around the door with blanket, sheet or

clothing. If there is a window, stay in front of it, attract

the attention of someone outside, and wait for help.

d) If there is no smoke, test the door by touching it withthe back of your hand as close to the top as possible.

e) If it feel hot, DONOT OPEN THE DOOR!. If no hot,

open slowly and cautiously and leave the house.


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ESCAPING FROM FIRES SAFELYContinued

3. STAY LOW TO THE GROUND

a) In a fire, smoke, Toxic fumes and hot gases harm

more people than the actual flames. To avoid

breathing these combustion products, stay close to

the ground.

b) Smoke naturally rises, so if there is a fire, drop to thefloor and crawl on your hands and knees beneath the

smoke until you reach the the exit. DO NOT STAND!


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4. DONT RUN IF YOUR CLOTHES CATCH ON FIRE

a) If fire set/ your clothing on fire, DO NOT RUN!Running

fans the flames with air and Oxygen, increasing the

heat and intensity of fire. Instead, drop to the ground

and roll around to smother the fire. This will cut off the

air and help put out the flames.

Remember : STOP , DROP , AND ROLL


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5. GET OUT AND STAY OUT

a) Once you leave the house, dont go back for any

reason not even for pets or valuables.

b) Head to the emergency assembly area and wait for

rest of the people to join you.

c) Call fire department from the nearest phone andgive them your name and location.

d) Should a fire occur, dont panic; remember there

are steps you can take to get out safely.


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HOW FIRES KILL

Death caused by severe burn is only one fatal danger

of fire. In fact, only about one-third of home-fire

victims die from burns. The rest die from inhaling

smoke and poisonous gases or lack of Oxygen.

Once the fire starts, The Oxygen percentage drops

rapidly. If the Oxygen percentage drop below 17% the

people breathing the air will have difficulty thinking

clearly and controlling their muscles. They may

become irrational and uncoordinated, making escape

more difficult


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HOW FIRES KILLContinued

When the Oxygen drops into 10 to 6% breathing stops.

After 4 to 6 minutes without Oxygen, brain death

occurs.

Fire also produce smoke and poisonous gases.

Smoke and toxic fumes are the leading cause of death

in fires.They can kill anyone long before the flame reach them.


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KITCHEN FIRES TIPS

1. Never leave cooking unattended on the stove.

Always turn the cooker or oven off when you

need to do something away from kitchen

2. Heat cooking oil slowly,and watch it carefully.

3. Unplug electrical appliances such as coffee

pots, toaster etc. when you have finished using

them.

4. Do not overload electrical outlets; plugging in

too many appliances at one time could cause

an electrical fire.


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KITCHEN FIRES - TIPSContinue

5. Never wear loose clothing while cooking.

Loose clothing or flowing sleeves can be

easily ignited by burners.

6. Use potholders to remove pans from the oven,

not towels or paper tissues, which could catch

fire.

7. Keep curtains and dish towels away from therange area. A draft could blow them on to the

burners and start a fire.


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KITCHEN FIRES - TIPSContinue

8. Dont store cookies, Crackers or other items

above the range or in a place which might entice

children to climb or reach over the burners.9. Turn pan handles in for safety. A pot handle

hanging over the edge of your stove can be

bumped in passing or grabbed by a child,

causing serious burns.


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FIGHT FIRE WITH PREVENTION

Keep your work area clean.

Never block Fire Detection or Protection Equipment

Be alert to your surroundings. Watch for potential

dangers. Follow safe method of handling flammable materials

Use flammable materials in well ventilated areas far

from ignition sources.

Dispose of chemicals and wastes properly inapproved, sealed container.

Never fuel machinery when it is running.

Keep all electrical power cord and appliances in

good condition


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WORK AT WORKING SAFELY

Training is the key to success in managing safety in

any environment. Attitude is also a key factor in

maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always

will be a team effort, safety starts with each

individual employee and concludes with everyone

leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families.

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