fire detection and suppression ppt

8/12/2019 Fire Detection and Suppression PPT

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1 HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL Alarm Basics Web

www.honeywell.com


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Fire Alarm & SuppressionSystems - Maintenance

For: Bui lding Maintenance/Operator Staff, Engineers and Technicians

Presented by: Honeywell Life Safety (MEA) Technical Department

By : Novel Daniyel Technical/Training Dept Manager


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Objectives

Understanding FIREDetection and Alarm

Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System

To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System andits principle of operation

Understanding the principle of a Fire SuppressionSystem& its Components

Understanding the importance of System Maintenance

How to perform good maintenance of your system


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Agenda

Sections 1, 2 and 3

TEA/COFFEE break

Section 4, 5 & 6

Q & A


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Objectives

Understanding FIREDetection and Alarm



Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System& its Components




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Section 1: Detection & Alarm

Detection:

SENSES : SIGHT, SMELL, FEEL


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F I R E !

F I R E ! !

F I R E ! ! !

Section 1: Detection & Alarm

Alarm:

SENSE Hearing and Sight

(audible) (visible)



Objectives

Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm








What is a

Fire Alarm System?A system or portion of a combination system that

consists of components and circuits arranged to

monitor and annunciate the status of f ire alarm or

supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiateappropriate response to those signals.

NFPA 72 2002

Fire Alarm Panel Initiating/Monitoring Appliance Alarm Notification Appliance



A LIFE SAFETYprinciple that provides Early Warning

to building occupants when the fire is in i ts incipientor early stage.

Section 2 : Fire Alarm Principle

Input Output

Signal & Detection

FACP

Output & Notification



In Summary

The Fire Alarm primary function isfirstly to detect a fireor fire condition,

and secondly to sound audiblealarmsin all parts of the building

BS5839









Objectives



Detector Categories

Fire Detection Devices (Input / Initiation Devices)- Devices which detect fire/smoke e.g: heat detectors,smoke detectors, flame detectors, manual call points.etc.

Fire Alarm Devices (Output / Notification Devices)

- Devices which alert people of the fire conditione.g:sounders, voice alarms, strobesetc

Fire Circuit Devices (Line Units)- Devices with electrical functions related directly to the

detection/alarm circuit , e.g: sort circuit isolators, input

output line units.



Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Automatic detection



Detector Categories

Heat detection

Fixed Temperature Rate of Rise

Linear heat detection

Smoke detection

Aspiration detectors Beam - light obscuration

Ionization

Video Smoke Detection

Optical - light scatter

Other types of detection Flame

Gas or CO detection

Multi -sensor fire detectors Combination ofOptical, Heat & CO sensors



Order of Response

1. Aspirating Detectors 3. Flame Detector

2. Spot Type Smoke Detectors 4. Heat Detector


Time

Smok

eSensitivity

Incipient Stage Visible Smoke Flaming Fire Intense Heat

1 2 3 4



Heat detection: Temperature measurement principle

May be FIXED temperature type 57 degC May be RATE-OF-RISE type 10 degC per minute Combination Heat detectors are available (ROR + FIXED) Used in high steam or dusty environments viz. Garages, Kitchens



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Linear (Line Type) Heat Detector

Actuators

Outer Insulation

Protective Tape

Heat Sensit ive

Material



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Smoke detection: Ionisation principle

Small amount of radioactive material (Americium 241) ionizes chamber Current flows in the chamber due to ionized air particles Smoke decreases conductivity, causingALARM



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Smoke detection: Photo-Electric/Optical principle

Works with light scattering principle Contains light transmitter and photosensitive receiver During normal operation - light does not fall on receiver Smoke ingress causes light reflection onto the receiver, causingALARM

IR Emitter

Aerosol

particles

1400

IR Photo

diode

receiver

Back

Scatter

Forward Scatter



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Light Scattering Principle

Sensing Chamber

LightEmitting

Diode

Photo

Diode

Partition



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Optical Chamber



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Combination detector: Optical+Heat



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Smoke detection: Beam sensor

Requires a transmitter and a receiver (single pass

Reflecting types are also available (double pass) Avoid direct sunlight on RECEIVER Tx and Rx powered by control panel OR external source

R

A

C

K

S

TxRx

ABC Logistics Warehouse

Tx Rx



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Double Pass Beam Sensor



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Smoke detection: High sensit ivity aspirating

smoke detector

Pipes with aspirating holes

Each hole is considered a point detector (equivalent to a singlesmoke detector)

Used in very clean environments (computer labs) Can be up to 100 times more sensitive than a

standard smoke detector



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High SensitivitySampling Chamber

Calibrated

Air Sampling

Fan

Sampling Detector

Air Aspirating Systems

Protected Area

Sam

plingPorts

Sam

plingPorts

Sam

plingPorts

Sampling Pipe



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Other type of detectors:

IR/UV Flame sensors

CO gas detectors (Odourless gas)

Duct Smoke Detectors

Video Detection



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Water-Flow Switch

Any flow of water from a sprinkler system, due to OPENING of a sprinklerhead, will result in activation of this switch and subsequently indicate analarm condition

Flow

switch

WET

R

IS

E

R



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Manual detection



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Fire Box or Manual Pull Station or Break Glass Unit- When activated it trips anALARM- Installed in exit paths, stairwells, lift lobbies

Various types:

- Single Action Pull handle once

Glass Break -Glass rod or plate is broken

- Double Action Lifting of a cover or opening a door

Glass Break Then push activation button

Manual Detection



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Manual A L A R M



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OUTPUT devices (not detection devices):

Controlled by the panel Can be visual, audible or both

Can be local or remote

More than one may be activated

Devices may be mounted inside or outside based on level of protectionrequired

May consist of:- Sirens- Bells / Sounders- Buzzers- Horns

- Voice Drivers- Strobes Visual alarm using flashing lights :

Used to help the hearing impaired

Or if the ambient background noise level is high

AutomaticA L A R M



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Speaker (Textual Audio):An incident has been

Detected in the building

Please leave the building

By the nearest available EXIT

Do not use the LIFTS

AudibleAutomatic A L A R M

Sounders

Bell

Horn



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Audible / visual

Automatic A L A R M

Speaker/Strobe

Chime/StrobeHorn/Strobe

Speaker/Sounder/detector/strobe

Sounder/Strobe



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PANELS

NFS2-3030FCI 7100

MS-9600

IdentiFlex 602ZX-1e



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Control Panel:

Receives signals from initiation devices (contacts, smoke detectors etc.)Activates appropriate notification devices (horns/bells, strobes etc .)Monitors system wiring and power (AC/DC)

Processes programmed instructions (shutdown A/C, recall elevators, etc . . . )Informs the fire station through central monitoring station (if applicable)



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Primary (AC)

Secondary (DC)

Re q u i r e s t w o Po w e r So u r c e s

Elements of a Control Panel


S i 3 FAS B i C


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Power Supply

- Mains supply 230V AC

Use un-switched outlet close to the panel.

Put a signboard SUPPLY FOR FIRE ALARM PANEL

DO NOT TAMPER

- Battery Backup(internal to the panel)Backup source in case of power loss/failure e.g: electrical fault

Fire systems require specific amounts of available backup time(controlled by standards/codes/local authorities)

NFPA (24hr standby + 5 mins full alarm)

BS5839-1 (24hr standby + 30 mins full alarm)

Supplies current for both detection/initiation devices andalarm/notification devices


S ti 3 FAS B i C t


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Remote Annunciators

Zone AnnunciatorLiquid Crystal

Display

Graphic Annunciator

(Custom)Remote Serial LCD

Remote Annunciator Remote Annunc iator

Remote Annunc iator


Objecti es


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Objectives

S ti 3 Fi S i S t


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Section 3 : Fire Suppression System

A combination of LIFE SAFETY & PROPERTY SAFETY thatcomprises of Detection and Suppression, operates

automatically without or with human intervention.

P i i l f Fi S i


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A total flooding system that extinguishes fire by reducingOXYGENlevel or inhibits CHEMICAL REACTIONin an

enclosure/room using Inert or Clean Agent gases. The system composes of Alarm Detection Devices, Agent/Gas

cylinder, Mechanical piping and Solenoid actuator device.

Principle of a Fire Suppression

Fire Triangle Principle:

Eliminating one of its elements will extinguish fire

S t A li ti


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System Applications

Where an occupancy/room that contains high value items,irretrievable data, artefacts collection, records, un-interruptable

operation and etc. Most advisable for CLASS C Electrical Fire that would make

normal water sprinkler risky to install. Also applicable for ClassA and B.

Main Applications:1. Server/Data Rooms 4. Electrical Rooms

2. Municipal Records Room 5. Hospital

3. Art Gallery/Museums 6. Etc.

T f G / Cl A t


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Type of Gases / Clean Agents

Inert Gas

IG-55 contains 50%Arand 50% N2IG-541 contains 40%Ar, 52% N2and 8% CO2

FM-200 HFC227ea known as Heptaflouropropane CF3CHFCF3

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

Others Halon, Inergen, Argonite & Novec

Environmental and Toxici ty Factor Halon 1301 FM200 Inert CO2

Ozone Depletion Potential, CFC 11 = 1 10-17 0 0 0

Global Warming Potential, CO2 kg 100 6900 3300 0 1

Atmospheric Lifetime, years 65 33 Present in Air

NOEL 5% 9% 43% Lethal for

HumanLOEL 7% 10.5% 52%

M d f O ti


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Modes of Operation

Automatic Actuation:

+ =

Zone 1 Zone 2 Gas Discharge

(Pre-discharge time delay after Cross-zone prior to Gas Discharge)

Manual Actuation:

OR =

Releasing Pull Manual Pneumatic Gas Discharge

Station Lever

(No time delay Instant release; Will over-ride Abort operation)

Objectives


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Objectives

Why Maintenance is important


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To ensure operational integrity, the system shall have an inspection, testing and

maintenance program. (NFPA 72 14.2.1.1)

Life Safety is the most important aspect in a facility, being the central component of any fire

protection installation, the fire alarm system deserves the highest level of care and

maintenance achievable.

Ensures that your System/devices remains in good physical condition and that there are no

physical changes that would affect detector performance such as building modifications,

occupancy hazards and environmental factors.

A well maintained system is more reliable and efficient.

To prolong life span of your Fire Alarm and devices.

Fire Alarm System saves lives, your property and your business.

Therefore it is a MUST!

News Related NY Times


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News Related NY Times



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Would you imagine people occupying your Hotel/Building and a FireHappens.

With a Faulty System Detector removed, Fire fighting Valves closed, Sounder circuitopen etc

Your loved ones Your Business


Your Investment

Will you take this RISK????

Yes you provided Fire Alarm and Fire Fighting equipments in your Facility but are you sure

that it is working as it was before?

Do not take this risk Be Responsible!

Objectives


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How to perform good maintenanceof your system

Objectives

S t M i t


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System Maintenance

Types of Maintenance

Category Sub-Category Descript ion

Planned Maintenance

Time-based Maintenance (*)

Detects system deterioration and prevents

failure by systematic inspection and monitoring

undertaken at pre-determined time intervals.

Condition-based Maintenance

Corrective maintenance work performed, as a

result of significant deterioration or failure, to

restore the system to full functionality

Statutory Maintenance

Actions performed to provide minimum level of

maintenance to meet mandatory requirements

(BS or NFPA). Often includes Time-based and

Condition-based maintenance task.

Unplanned Maintenance

Routine & Breakdown

Maintenance

Unplanned and reactive maintenance actions

performed to restore the system to full

functionality, as a result of an unforeseen failure.

Incident Maintenance

Unplanned maintenance actions to restore the

system to full functionality as a result of damage

resulting from a vandalism, fire or other

accidents.

System Maintenance


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Time-based Maintenance Program (BS5839 part 1)

A maintenance program that conducts Inspection, Testing and Maintenance on scheduled

intervals not waiting for a failure to occur. Preventive rather than Corrective.

System Maintenance

Inspection

This is to ensure that your devices are in good physical condition that there are no physical

changes that would affect detector performance such as building modifications, occupancy

hazards and environmental factors.

Testing

This is to ensure that proper operation of each and every device is met including cause and

effect verification of the fire alarm system. Make sure that building administrator is notified

prior to conducting any test. Always refer to manufacturers recommendation in testing field

devices and panel.

Maintenance

This is to ensure that devices are within its listed operating parameters.

System Maintenance


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System Maintenance

Testing:

BS5839Each week a call point should be operated. It should be confirmedthat the system operated correctly.

NFPA72

Manual call point are to be tested ANNUALLY.

Inspections:

BS5839

The time between inspections should be based on risk assessmentbut should not exceed six months. The time between inspectionsshould be agreed between the parties.

NFPA72

Minimum Inspection frequency should be in accordance to the codelocated in Chapter 14. A more frequent schedule can be carried outbut not less than stated in Chapter 14.

System Maintenance


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Fire Alarm & Detection Monthly QuarterlySemi-

Annual

Annual

Control panels

Batteries

Remote Annunciators

Initiating Devices

Air Sampling

Duct Detectors

Electromechanical Releasing Device

Suppression System switches

Manual Pull station

Heat Detectors

Radiant Energy Fire Detectors

Smoke Detectors

Supervisory Signal Devices

Waterflow Devices

Alarm Notification Appliances

Interface Equipment

Digital Alarm Comm. Equipment

Inspection Frequency

(NFPA 72, 2010, Chapter 14)

Visual Inspection shall be made to ensure

that there are no changes that affect

equipment performance.

To check for damage, obstruction or

tampering.

To check if devices needs cleaning or

maintenance.

RECORD ALL INSPECTION ACTIVITIES

System Maintenance

System Maintenance
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Fire Alarm & Detection Monthly QuarterlySemi-

Annual

Annual

Control panels

Batteries

Remote Annunciators

Initiating Devices

Air Sampling

Duct Detectors

Electromechanical Releasing Device

Suppression System switches

Manual Pull station

Heat Detectors

Radiant Energy Fire Detectors

Smoke Detectors

Supervisory Signal Devices

Waterflow Devices

Alarm Notification Appliances

Interface Equipment

Digital Alarm Comm. Equipment

Testing Frequency

(NFPA 72, 2010, Chapter 14)

Functional testing shall be conducted as per

Manufacturers recommendations, BS5839 or

NFPA72 requirements.

This is to ensure that the devices/panel are

operating as expected.

This is to verify panels cause and effectoperation.

To identify faulty or out of standard devices.

RECORD ALL TESTING ACTIVITIES

System Maintenance

System Maintenance


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System Maintenance

Clean Agent System QuarterlySemi

Annual

Annual Other Remarks

System Inspection

System Test Discharge test is not required

Weigh/Check Cylinders The agent quantity & pressure shall be checked

Container Test Refer to Manufacturer

Hose/Pipe Test Piping puff test to be done at least every 5 years

Room Integrity Test Enclosure Leakage/Integrity Test by certified person.

Clean Agent Maintenance

Important Reminders:

1. Isolate the releasing circuit before

conducting any maintenance/testing

to avoid accidental discharge.

4. The room must be kept totally sealed

and air-tight. Room integrity test shall be

conducted annually especially when

changes in the room occurred that could

adversely affect agent leakage or change

volume of hazard or both.

5. Room modifications/full partitions are

not allowed in this system.

2. Notify building admin before

conducting any maintenance/test.

3. Record all inspection/testing and

maintenance.Door Fan Room Integrity Test Kit

Testing Tools


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Testing Tools

Functional Testing tools:

Calibrated Performance testing tools:

Smoke (Aerosol) & Heat Tester by SOLO

Gemini Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester

Smoke Pellets

Trutest Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester

Smoke, CO, Heat Tester

By Testifier

DB Sound level Meter

Magnets are not

considered as a way

to functionally test a

detector rather used

for response test only.

Note:

Use testing tools l isted for its purpose!

Good Practice


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Good Practice

In every Testing, Inspection and Maintenance, a checklist should be filled and kept in

record.

Log all new activity or event shown by the FACP in a log book recording the date and time,

address , device location and description (BS 5839).

Keep all records in a secured cabinet or box. This will be for future reference on

maintenance and troubleshooting.

Place record tagging in every device that has been tested/Inspected.

Keeping the Records

Good Practice


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Good Practice

Responsible Person

The Responsible person for the premises is to ensure that a weekly test of the buildings

Fire Alarm System is carried out as per regulatory standards. (BS 5839 part 1)

Supervises routine maintenance undertaken by a professional fire alarm engineering

company.

Assign/nominate a person to supervise the Fire Alarm System. The nominated person

should have sufficient authority to authorize any necessary work to the fire alarm system

immediately to ensure it is kept operational at all times. It is vital that all actions are recoded accurately in the logbook and made available to any

authorized person (e.g. Fire Brigade).

& Finally


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y

Thank You!!

See you soon in our next courseAdvanced Fire Alarm

fire detection and suppression ppt

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