finishing equipment: grader
TRANSCRIPT
FINISHING EQUIPMENT:
GRADER
Lecture 8
TSP-308 MPK Ferdinand Fassa
OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Grader Operations
3. Time Estimates
1. INTRODUCTION
Grader are multipurpose machines used for
finishing & shaping
On many projects, graders are used as the
finishing machines
finishing machines include but not limited to:
Graders
Gradall
Trimers
1. INTRODUCTION (2)
Graders are multipurpose
machines used for:
Finishing
Shaping bank
Sloping
Ditching
Graderโs primary purpose is
cutting and moving material with a
blade, known as moldboard
FUNCTION
To provide (shape) of soil surface to the
desired grade
1. INTRODUCTION (3)
1. INTRODUCTION (4)
Comparison with Dozer
โข A grader is restricted to making shallow cuts in
medium-hard materials
โข A grader should not be used for heavy
excavations
โข A grader can move small amounts of material
1. INTRODUCTION (5)
Comparison with Dozer
โข A grader are capable of progressively cutting
ditches to a depth of 3 ft.
โข So more economical to used other types of
equipment to cut ditches deeper than 3 ft
1. INTRODUCTION (6)
Components of Grader
โข Moldboard (blade)
โข Scarifier
โข Light rear-mounted ripper
1. INTRODUCTION (7)
Moldboard
Blade
Moldboard
Commonly referred to as blade
The moldboard is used to side cast
the material it encounters
The moldboard can be positioned at
almost any angle
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ARTICULATED
GRADER POSITIONS
BLADE MECHANISM
MOTOR GRADER APPLICATIONS
2. GRADER OPERATIONS
a. Planning Surface, used to plane or smooth off
cut or fill surface
b. Ditch Cuts
c. Haul-road Maintenance
d. Spreading, often used to spread and mix
dumped load
3. TIME ESTIMATES
๐๐จ๐ญ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ข๐ฆ๐ =๐ท ๐ ๐ซ
๐บ ๐ ๐ฌ
P = number of passed required
D = distance traveled in each pass
S = Speed of grader
E = grader efficiency factor
๐๐ซ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง =๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐บ ๐ ๐พ ๐ ๐ฌ
๐
S = Speed of grader
W = Eff. Width per grader pass, in feet
E = Grader eff. factor
3. TIME ESTIMATES (2)
Formula Distance
๐ต๐. ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐= ๐ป๐๐๐
Distance in miles
Speed in miles per hour
Time will be in hours
3. TIME ESTIMATES (3)
Step 1. Number of passes
Ditching 6 passes
Reshaping 9 passes
Final Grading 4 passes
3. TIME ESTIMATES (4)
Step 2. Distance
Grading 4 miles
Step 3. Speed
1st 2.3 mph
2nd 3.1 mph
3rd 4.5 mph
3. TIME ESTIMATES (5)
Step 4. Eff. Factor
50 min per hour Or 0.83 eff. Factor
3. TIME ESTIMATES (6)
Step 5. Eff. Time to Ditch
Step 1 : N = 6
Step 2 : D = 4 miles ๐ ๐ ๐
๐.๐ ๐ ๐.๐๐=
๐๐
๐.๐๐ = 12.6 hr
Step 3 : S = 2.3 mph
Step 4 : Eff. Factor =0.83
3. TIME ESTIMATES (8)
Step 5. Final Grading
Step 1 : N = 4
Step 2 : D = 4 miles ๐ ๐ ๐
๐.๐๐ ๐.๐๐=
๐๐
๐.๐๐ = 4.3 hr
Step 3 : S = 4.5 mph
Step 4 : Eff. Factor =0.83
3. TIME ESTIMATES (9)
Step 5. Total Time
Time to ditch 12.6 hr
Time to reshape 14.0 hr
Final grading 04.3 hr
Total time 30.9 hr
3. TIME ESTIMATES (10)
Production
Eff. Width per pass is 9 ft,
Speed 3.5
Eff. Factor 0.6
Production = 11.088 sy/hr
๐๐ซ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง =๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐. ๐ ๐๐ ๐ ๐. ๐
๐
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ESTIMATING PRODUCTION
Efficiency
1
mi Section,for Speed Ave.
mi Length,Section Passesof No. h Time,
30
GRADING EXAMPLE
15.0 miles of gravel road requires reshaping &
leveling.
Six passes of a motor grader will be required.
Job efficiency is 0.80
Based on operator skill, machine characteristics
and job characteristics, you estimate two passes at
4 mi/h, two passes at 5 mi/h, and two passes at 6
mi/h for this job.
h 23.10.80
1
mph 6.0
15.02
mph 5.0
m 15.02
mph 4.0
m 15.02 h Time,
GRADALL
The Gradall is a utility machine which combines the operating features of the hoe, dragline and motor grader.
TRIMMERS
Trimmers are specialty machines to fine finishing for special jobs
The result is better accuracy and greater production compared to the fine-grading with a grader
SELF STUDIES
1. Trimmer operation & safety
2. Grader operation & safety
Submit on PPT, today at14.00 in the afternoon
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND METHODS
Next
Lecture 9