Presented By:

PRITAM PATEL

email:- pritam.patel74@gmail.com

NATIONAL POWER TRAINNING INSTITUTE DURGAPUR

Seminar Presentationon

SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

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OUTLINES1. Introduction 2. Solar power generation3. Solar thermal vs. photovoltaic 4. Basic working principle5. Types of solar thermal power plants6. Components of a STPP7. CSP technologies8. Concept of hybrid system9. Advantages10. Striking challenges11. Future perspective12. Indian scenario13. Technological Improvement14. conclusion 2

Introduction For economic development Energy is

the basic requirement.

India is 3rd largest producer of electricity after US and China, even though suffers a major shortage of electricity generation capacity.

Installed capacity of electricity is 303GW as of end June 2016.

Energy sources will play an important role in the world’s future given that the global demand for energy is rapidly increasing.

Solar thermal power is relatively new technology which has already shown enormous promise and take the global challenges of clean energy climate change and sustainable development

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Solar Power GenerationsThere are two main ways of generating energy from the sun:

Photovoltaic (PV) Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST)

Converts sunlight directly Generate electricity indirectly. into electricity.

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Solar Thermal vs. Photovoltaic

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It is important to understand that solar thermal technology is not the same as solar panel, or photovoltaic, technology. Solar thermal electric energy generation concentrates the light from the sun to create heat, and that heat is used to run a heat engine, which turns a generator to make electricity.

The working fluid that is heated by the concentrated sunlight can be a liquid or a gas. Different working fluids include water, oil, salts, air, nitrogen, helium, etc. Different engine types include steam engines, gas turbines, Stirling engines, etc. All of these engines can be quite efficient, often between 30% and 40%, and are capable of producing 10’s to 100’s of megawatts of power.

This Stirling engine is driven by a parabolic dish that collects and concentrates

the sun into a heat source to run the engine and produce power. Photovoltaic, or PV energy conversion, on the other hand, directly converts

the sun’s light into electricity. This means that solar panels are only effective during daylight hours because storing electricity is not a particularly efficient process.

Basic Working Principle• Solar thermal power generation systems use mirrors to collect

sunlight and produce steam by solar heat to drive turbines for generating power.

• This system generates power by rotating turbines like thermal and nuclear power plants, and therefore, is suitable for large-scale power generation.

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Types of solar thermal power plants

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Parabolic trough System A parabolic trough consists of a linear parabolic

reflector that concentrates light onto a receiver positioned along the reflector's focal line.

The receiver is a tube positioned directly above the middle of the parabolic mirror and filled with a working fluid.

The reflector follows the sun during the daylight hours by tracking along a single axis.

A working fluid (e.g. molten salt) is heated to 150–350 °C (423–623 K (302–662 °F)) as it flows through the receiver and is then used as a heat source for a power generation system.

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SOLAR POWER TOWER SYSTEMS Power towers (also known as 'central tower' power plants or

'heliostat' power plants).

These designs capture and focus the sun's thermal energy with thousands of tracking mirrors (called heliostats) in roughly a two square mile field.

A tower resides in the center of the heliostat field. The heliostats focus concentrated sunlight on a receiver which sits on top of the tower.

Within the receiver the concentrated sunlight heats molten salt to over 1,000 °F (538 °C).

The heated molten salt then flows into a thermal storage tank where it is stored, maintaining 98% thermal efficiency, and eventually pumped to a steam generator.

The steam drives a standard turbine to generate electricity. 11

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Solar dish/engine system

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The system consists of a stand-alone parabolic reflector that concentrates light onto a receiver positioned at the reflector's focal point.

The working fluid in the receiver is heated to 250–700 °C (523–973 K (482–1,292 °F)) and then used by a Stirling engine to generate power.Parabolic-dish systems have the highest efficiency of all solar technologies provide solar-to-electric efficiency between 31–32%.

Stirling Engine

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Solar dish/engine system (Image)

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Compact linear Fresnel reflector Linear Fresnel reflectors use long, thin

segments of mirrors to focus sunlight onto a fixed absorber located at a common focal point of the reflectors.

These mirrors are capable of concentrating the sun’s energy to approximately 30 times its normal intensity.

This concentrated energy is transferred through the absorber into some thermal fluid.

The fluid then goes through a heat exchanger to power a steam generator.

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COMPONENTS OF STPP

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Concentrating Solar Technologies

Low Temperature (<100°C)

Flat Plate Collectors

Solar Chimney

High Temperature- Point Focusing (>400°C)

Central Tower

Medium Temperature – Line Focusing (≈ 400°C)

Commercial CSP

Parabolic Trough

Central Tower

Dish Stirling

Fresnel Collector

• Temp~400°C• Line Focusing• Linear Receiver tube• Water consuming• Conc.: Parabolic Mirrors• Heat Storage feasible• Most Commercialized• Good for Hybrid option• Requires flat land• Good receiver η but low turbine η

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Commercial CSP

Parabolic Trough

Central Tower

Dish Stirling

Fresnel Collector

• Temp~600-800°C• Point Focusing• Flat Conc. Mirrors• Commercially proven• Central Receiver• Water consuming• Heat Storage capability• Feasible on Non Flat sites• Good performance for large

capacity & temperatures• Low receiver η but good turbine η

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Commercial CSP

Parabolic

Trough

Central

Tower

Dish Stirlin

g

Fresnel Collect

or

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• Temp~700-800°C• Point Focusing• Uses Dish concentrator• Stirling Engine• Generally 25 kW units• High Efficiency ~ 30%• Dry cooling• No water requirement• Heat storage difficult• Commercially under development• Dual Axis Tracking

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Commercial CSP

Parabolic Trough

Central Tower

Dish Stirling

Fresnel Collector

• Temp~400°C• Line Focusing type• Linear receiver• Fixed absorber row

shared among mirrors• Flat or curved conc.

mirrors• Commercially under

development• Less Structures• 5 MW operational in CA

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Concept of hybrid system

Gas fired with solar

Coal fired with solar

 

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ADVANTAGES

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• It uses less land than coal mining and transport.  • It is quick to implement.  

 • It is available widely around the planet, not just in a few countries

• A potential advantage of solar thermal systems is the ability to produce electricity when sunlight is weak or unavailable by storing solar heat in the form of molten salt.

• Solar thermal power make a substantial contribution towards international commitments to reduce the steady increase in the level of green house gases (CO2 emissions) and their contributions to climate changes

STRIKING CHALLENGES INEXPENSIVE ALTERNATIVES

ATTENUATION

COST

LAND REQUIREMENT

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FUTURE PERSPECTIVEGLOBAL SCENARIO

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Capacity of Solar Thermal Power in 2020 21,540 MW

      Electricity Production in 2020 54,600,000 MWh (54.6

TWh)

Cumulative Investment US$ 41.8 billion

Employment Generated 200,000 jobsCarbon Emissions Avoided 2002 – 2020 154 million tonnes CO2

Annual Carbon Emissions Avoided in 2020 32.7 million tonnes CO2

Projection 2021 to 2040  Capacity of Solar Thermal Power in 2040 630,000 MW

Electricity Production in 2040 1573 TWhPercentage of Global Demand 5%

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INDIAN SCENARIO

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Sr.no.

Project name Location

TurbineDescription

  

TechnologyHeat-Transfer

fluidType

TurbineCapacity

(MW)

Thermal

Storage

Status, Start year Owner(s)

1. Abhijeet Solar Project

Rajasthan,(Jaisalmer) SST-700 Parabolic trough Therminol VP-1 Net: 50.0

Gross: 50.0 NoneUnder

construction, 2013

Corporate Ispat Alloys Ltd. (100%)

2. AC ME Solar Tower

Bikaner(Rajasthan) - Power tower Water/Steam Net: 2.5

Gross: 2.5 None Operational, 2011

AC ME Group (100%)

3. Dhursar Dhursar(Rajasthan) - Linear Fresnel

reflector -Net: 125.0

Gross: 125.0

None Under

construction, 2014

Reliance Power (100%)

4. Diwakar Askandra(Rajasthan) SST-700 Parabolic trough Synthetic Oil

Net: 100.0Gross: 100.0

4 hoursUnder

construction, 2013

Lanco Infratech(100%)

5. Godawari Solar Project

Nokh(Rajhastan) SST-700 Parabolic trough Dowtherm A Net: 50.0

Gross: 50.0 None Operational, 2013

Godawari GreenEnergy Limited (100%)

6. Gujarat Solar One

Kutch (Gujarat) - Parabolic trough Diphyl Net: 25.0

Gross: 28.0 9 hours Under

construction, 2014

Cargo Solar Power (100%)

7. KVK Energy Solar Project

Askandra(Rajasthan) SST-700 Parabolic trough Synthetic Oil

Net: 100.0Gross: 100.0

4 hoursUnder

construction, 2013

KVK EnergyVentures Ltd

(100%)

8. Megha Solar Plant

Anantapur(Andhra Pradesh)

- Parabolic trough Synthetic Oil Net: 50.0Gross: 50.0 None

Under construction,

2013

Megha Engineering

and Infrastructue

(100%)

9.National

Solar Thermal Power Facility

Gurgaon - Parabolic trough Therminol VP-1 Net: 1.0Gross: 1.0 None Operational,

2012IIT Bombay

(100%)

10.‘India One’

solar thermal power plant

Abu Road (Rajasthan) - Paraboliedal

reflector Water 1.0 16 hoursUnder

construction, 2011

WRST

LIST OF SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN INDIA

TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT

PFR TECHNOLOGY

PRODUCTION OF ENERGY CARRIERS

DEVLOPMENT OF CALCIUM BASED FLUID

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CONCLUSION A large amount of Indian STE output is consumed in Delhi, Haryana, and

Punjab, drawing upon supply sites in both Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir. Population centers in Gujarat are also well positioned to extract power from Rajasthan.

As of early 2010, the global stock of CSP plants neared 1 GW capacity. A number of projects being developed in countries including USA, Spain, India, Egypt, Morocco, and Mexico are expected to total 15 GW.

All solar thermal power plants in India not used thermal storage technologies very efficiently.

The launch of The JNNSM by MNRE, Government of India is the first step in the promotion and establishment of solar energy as a viable alternative to conventional sources.

The establishment of feed-in tariffs and other incentives, passing dynamic government policies, and the cooperation of industry, researchers and other stakeholders will play crucial role in the development of CSP technology

solar thermal power generation is totally a new technology in India, thus much more efforts are required for the upliftment of the energy scenario on large scale.

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Earth receives around 174 Petawatts of energy from sun and only a small part of it is sufficient to meet the annual world electricity consumption of 20 Trillion kWh

We Just need to tap this potential

Thank You