“Effect Cause Of Smoking Behavior”

Question 1 (article 1)

In Malaysia, we can see the influence of smoking is very independent and widely regardless of age, rank or status. As we knew, even the government has made campaign prevention or reduces our citizens from smoking behavior, its cannot directly give the slightest awareness self-consciousness in their life style. Smoking can give cause many diseases or cancer to the smoker anatomy such as;

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Rapid Addiction from Early Smoking

having strong urges to smokefeeling anxious or irritablehaving unsuccessfully tried to not smoke

Effects on the Brain

Increases StressAlters brain chemistry

Effects on the Respiratory

System

Bronchospasm. Increases phlegm productionPersistent coughDecreases physical performance

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Effects on the

Cardiovascular System

Adverse lipid profileAtherosclerosis

Tobacco’s Immediate Effects on the

Body

ThrombosisConstricts blood vesselsIncreases heart rateIncreases blood pressure

Effects on the

Gastrointestinal

System

Gastroesophageal Reflux DiseasePeptic Ulcer DiseasePeriodontal DiseasesHalitosis

Effects on the Immune

System

Otitis MediaSinusitisRhinitisPneumonia

Effects on the

Metabolic System

Scurvy and Other Micronutrient DisordersOxidative Damage

Effects on Drug

Interactions

AsthmaticsInfants and ChildrenSickle Cell Patients

Question 2 ( article 1)

“Cigarette And Smoking”

Tobacco used to make a cigarette and satisfy one of smokers satisfactions in their daily day lifetime. Smoke came from the smokers had include to many dangerous substance or chemical that fixed with inside the tobacco. Besides, to make the smokers feel more enjoying smoking and satisfy their satisfaction, the manufacturer’s of cigarette make an idea how to achieve benefits at pick level with mix a cigarette with any flavor made from fruits and so on. The cigarette was mixed with nicotine in the body can effect and damage worstly. There are several effect came from cigarette such as;

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Cigarette Addictives

>> Humectants - up to 5% of the weight of a cigarette

>> Glycerol and propylene glycol

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>> Regulated In All Circumstances Apart From In Cigarettes

>> causes addiction among smokers

>> not at risk of nicotine poisoning

Stimulates The Sympathetic Nervous System

>> increases the heart rate and blood pressure

>> constriction of the small blood vessels under the skin.

Question 2 (article 1)

”Effect That Can Cause Smoking Behavior”

The other of reason why a smoking behavior cannot prevent the smokers to quit one of

their hobbies is don’t have any healthy activities. A daily day that full with many works

at office or meet their clients make a cigarette as a friend to get rid of bored feeling.

Smoking at the office without any care the effect that will their get from a smoke that

exhaled didn’t disappear because of don’t have a good ventilation system.

For our information, what I have made a research about contain inside a single

of cigarette, the effects of caffeine, nitrazepam and cigarette smoking on the contingent

negative variation (CNV) in man were studied. In 13 subjects who took caffeine citrate

(300 mg), the mean magnitude of the CNV was significantly increased 35–42 min after

taking the drug, in 12 subjects who took nitrazepam (2.5 mg), the mean magnitude of

the CNV was significantly decreased 35–42 min after drug administration. In 22

smokers, significant changes in CNV magnitude were also observed after smoking one

cigarette. However, the direction of change in CNV size following smoking differed in

different smokers beyond the variation expected by chance. Some smokers showed

consistent increases and others consistent decreases in CNV magnitude immediately

after smoking. These changes were interpreted as reflecting stimulant and depressant

effects. Correlations of the percentage change in CNV magnitude with rate of nicotine

intake and with degree of extraversion suggested that the rate of nicotine intake in

extraverted smokers was slower and associated with a stimulant effect while in

introverted smokers the rate was faster and associated with a depressant effect in

terms of changes in CNV magnitude. There was a significant negative correlation in the

smokers between reaction time and CNV magnitude and can cause many diseases.

Besides that, a patients with respiratory failure given nitrazepam as night sedation,

carbon-dioxide narcosis developed rapidly. It is suggested that there is no drug with

sedative, hypnotic, or tranquillising properties which cannot cause respiratory

depression. Restlessness, which might be thought an indication for sedation, may be a

sign of worsening respiratory failure where sedatives are contraindicated.

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For me, smoking give more unhealthy in my daily lifetime as a human. No

smoking also give me or any peoples in this world a more meaningful life together with

their loved. The government also must take seriously in a campaigns that has been

organized. Don’t make a campaign just to take benefit on themselves without care

about life of the Malaysians citizen.

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Question 2 (Article 2)

“Cigarette”

Nowadays, a small thing that closely like a pen mostly from 3 years old children already

recognized what is a cigarette, without know a dangerous will effect in their life.

Research indicates that children learn about cigarette consumption from four major

socialization agent specifically peers, media, family and school. Furthermore, children’s

ability to understand about cigarette and will be the smoker by the sixth grade or twelve

years old.

Ninth graders were randomly exposed to one of eight slice‐of‐life videotapes

showing stimulus advertising (cigarette, antismoking, both, neither) and unfamiliar

peers who either did or did not smoke cigarettes. The findings indicate that the cigarette

advertising primed positive smoker stereotypes, which caused subjects to seek out

favorable information about the peers shown smoking. Subjects’ beliefs and intentions

about cigarette consumption were thereby enhanced by the joint effects of advertising

and peers. However, an antismoking advertisement shown in conjunction with cigarette

advertising made salient negative smoker stereotypes, evoked unfavorable thoughts

about peers shown smoking, and prevented cigarette advertising from promoting

smoking.

Chemical or substance came from the smokers and nonsmokers differed

markedly in their perceptions about the health risks associated with short-term

exposure to smoking. College students in this sample who smoked did not fully

comprehend the risks associated with smoking. Smokers were half as likely as

nonsmokers to believe that there are health risks from smoking only on weekends or a

couple of days a week. Anti-tobacco messages for young adult smokers need to

communicate more effectively the concept that each cigarette they smoke is doing

them damage.

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None one of substances that have inside a cigarette can bring any benefits to

the smokers. To four socialization agents that suppose more responsible to their own

children’s must give them knowledge or negative feedback about cigarette or avoid

them to expose from a thing we called CIGARETTE and NO SMOKING to generate a

quality younger’s in civilization future.

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