final single page en - center for human rights in iran · 2019-06-18 · per 100 inhabitants per...
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INTERNET IN IRAN: March 2019
Internet speed
Why is SPEED important?Allows journalists, activists and others to share large multimedia files with graphics, audio, video, etc.
Iran’s internet speed compared to its regional neighbors:
Source: M-Lab Statistics
Source: ITU
Internet usein Iran
Turkey1.8Mbps
Bahrain2.6Mbps
2Mbps
The UnitedArab Emirates
Armenia
Saudi Arabia
Iraq IranAfghanistan
Iranians have
3X as many active mobile-broadband subscriptions as they do fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions
The internet is accessed primarily via phones
3Mbps
1.6Mbps
1Mbps
0.50Mbps0.45
Mbps
KuwaitQatar5
Mbps
Oman
4.2Mbps
3.5Mbps
Fixed broadband speedIran ranked
109out of
133countries
Mobile speedIran ranked
57out of
124countries
Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptionsper 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants per 100 inhabitants
100.07
61.3946.61
62.2151.46
Households with computers
Households with internet access
WorldAverage Iran
WorldAverage
IranWorld
Average
Iran
101.53
Iran ranked SECOND WORST IN WORLDin internet censorship in 2018
InternetCensorship
EstoniaIcelandCanadaGermanyAustraliaUnited StatesJapanGeorgiaFranceTurkeyRussiaUnited Arab Emirates Saudi ArabiaEthiopiaSyriaIRANChina
Source: Freedom House
Freedom on the Net 2018 rankings (most free: 0; least free: 100)
7 Things to know about Iran’s
National Information Network (NIN)
123
4
567
Only STATE-APPROVED CONTENT is on the NIN
The state can CUT OFF ACCESS TO THE GLOBAL INTERNET without disrupting the NIN
The state steers Iranians onto the NIN via FASTER AND CHEAPER service
The NIN helps the STATE SPY on its citizens online
Development of the NIN has taken place under PRESIDENT ROUHANI
ALL INTERNET TRAFFIC goes through the NIN
The NIN is Iran’s STATE-CONTROLLED internet
6
6
15
19
21
22
25
25
25
66
67
69
73
83
83
85
88
Prosecutionsfor online contentIranians are PROSECUTED for online content unlawfully obtained by intelligence and security agencies. For example:
SOHEIL ARABIPosting content challenging religious dogma
SENTENCE:7.5 yearsin prison
SENTENCE:Death
SINA DEGHGHAN
Posting content challenging religious dogma
SENTENCE:Lifein prison
SAEED MALEKPOUR
Developing open source software for uploading photos
SENTENCE:12 years, 9 monthsin prison
HENGAMEH SHAHIDI
Writing commentary critical of the state
The state’sICT infrastructure
State internetprovider
companies
State servers
State toolsand services
e.g. servers,SSLs, email providers
Cyber attacks
PhishingMessagetapping
Fakeapplications DDoS
Malware
How does the state access and monitor personal accounts?
State onlinesurveillance & cyberattacks
WHAT ISCENSORED?
MILLIONS OF WEBSITES BLOCKED
MAJOR SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS BLOCKED
CONTENT FILTERED by key word or phrases
e.g. Psiphon, Outline and other VPNsACCESS TO CIRCUMVENTION TOOLSBLOCKED
e.g. Telegram, Signal, CryptoKat
ENCRYPTED MESSAGING APPSBLOCKED
Blocked domains in Iran (2014-2017)Source: OONI
News mediaHuman rights issues
CulturePolitical criticism
Alcohol & drugsHosting & blogging platforms
Search enginesEconomics
Pornography
LGBTReligion
Gambling
INFLUENCES policiesTARGETS sites & users for censorship/surveillanceHACKS private accountsINTIMIDATES users COLLUDES with judiciary to investigate, arrest & prosecute
Other sources of powerISLAMIC REVOLUTIONARY GUARDS CORP (IRGC)
Who controls internet policy in Iran?
Improved and expanded ICT infrastructureFaster internet(removed limits on speeds over 128kbps)
Expanded mobile phone use(opened licensing for 3G and 4G services)
Unblocked WhatsApp
Strengthening censorship and surveillance via the NINMillions of websites blockedTwitter, Facebook and YouTube stay blocked Blocked Telegram May 2018Circumvention tools blockedEncrypted apps blocked Silent on state-sponsored cyberattacksViolates net neutrality (Higher prices for international internet traffic)
Increased influence of intelligence organizationsin ICT Ministry
SUPREME COUNCIL OF CYBERSPACE
Top internet policy body
WORKING GROUP TO DETERMINE INSTANCES OF CRIMINAL CONTENT
Main filtering body
JUDICIARYCan shut sites/
order blocks
CYBER POLICE (FATA)Can block content/
make arrests
SUPREME LEADER ALI KHAMENEI
Negative
Positive
The Center for Human Rights in Iran is an independent, nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to the protection and promotion of human rights in Iran.
For more information about any of these issues visit www.iranhumanrights.org
Rouhani’s record on internet freedom