What you Need to Know for Thursday

Final Review

Your Final will consist of four sections:

1. A multiple choice section testing you on rhetorical concepts and APA format.

2. A short reading passage with questions3. A multiple choice grammar section4. A short essay section in which you will be

asked to answer one of three prompts. The prompts focus on arguments about crime or the mind.

Sections

Author – person or persons creating the textAudience – the people it was created forContext – where the piece appeared and the

historical situation surrounding itTitle – name of the textPurpose – reason for creation and goals of

textStructure – how the text is arrangedMain point/thesis – the central issues the

texts sets out to prove

Definitions

Rhetoric- the study and use of language, images, and concepts to inform and persuade

Ethos- related to the word “ethics”; it refers to the trustworthiness of a rhetor

Pathos- related to the words “pathetic,” “sympathy,” and “empathy”; it refers to the ability of the rhetor to evoke feelings from readers and and viewers through a combination of concrete language and vivid examples

Logos- related to the word “logic”; it refers to the ability of the rhetor to appeal to the audiences’ logic or reason based on rational appeals

Definitions (cont)

Argument- the branch of rhetoric that deals with the appeal of logos

Induction- logical reasoning that moves from specific observations to a generalized conclusion

Deduction- logical reasoning that starts with a generalization and proceeds to a conclusion based upon this observation

Research question- the query or obstacle that a creator of an argument wants to answer or solve

Claim- a proposition the arguer sets out to proveData- evidence that backs up a claim

Definitions (cont)

Factual Claims -- assert that something has existed, exists, or will exist. They tend to use statistics, examples, and forms of testimony for support.

Judgment Claims -- express approval or disapproval and may establish that an action, belief, or condition is right or wrong, good or bad, beautiful or ugly, worthwhile or undesirable, etc. They tend to need clear criteria and to define their terms.

Proposal Claims -- assert that a course of action should be adopted. They tend to use a mix of rhetorical appeals and include examples.

Definitions (cont)

Evidence – facts, statistics, examples, expert opinion, and personal observations. Logos appeals

Rhetorical Appeals- appeals to pathos or ethosWarrants of Authority – depend upon the credibility

and expertise of the source of the information.Warrants of Verifiable Fact – depend upon the fact

that the evidence can be confirmed by reviewing the sources data

Warrants of Rhetorical Appeal – depend upon the values of the audience and rhetor

Definitions (cont)

There will be a short text to read and answer questions on. Fair questions would include the following:

1. The thesis2. The purpose3. Claims4. Evidence5. Rhetorical appeals6. Tone

Short Passage

Two types of multiple choice questions:Questions that ask about general APA format

guidelinesQuestions that ask you to find the correct

citation

APA format and references

Give the author credit in the text in the following ways:

Use quotation marks before and after the author’s words in a short quotation, always.

Place quotation citations after the quote, summary, or paraphrase.

Use the author’s full name the first time; after that you may use the author’s last name. If you do not have this information, cite the text’s title, either in the sentence introducing the borrowed material or within parentheses at the end of the quotation or paraphrase.

Cite the year the document was published within parentheses (after the author’s name if it does not appear in your text). Follow the year with a colon; then note the page(s) on which the original information appears. (Note that there is no space between the colon and the page number(s).)

If you are citing reprinted material, type only the date from the version of the work used in your text.

If a quotation takes up more than four manuscript lines, cite it as a block quotation.

Exclude the quotation marks and use brackets instead of parentheses to enclose the bibliographic information. The brackets follow the sentence period.

In-Text Guidelines for APA

Title the page References (with no quotation marks around the word, and no bold or italics).

• Arrange the sources in alphabetical order ⎯by the last name of the first author listed on the source.

References with the same author and date should be alphabetized by the title of the document.

• When there are two or more places of publication for a reference, list only the first.

• For student work, the References Cited page is double-spaced.

Reference Page Guidelines for APA

Review the laminated APA guide that came with your text book.

Use either of the APA guides posted on the course webpage

Reference Page Specifics

Common questions will deal with the following:fragments and run on sentencesfaulty parallelism pronoun usage dangling and misplaced modifiers subject verb agreement pronoun usage commas, semicolons and colons

Use the grammar reviews on e-companion and OWL to aid in your studying (grammar sections from ENC 1101 Write Now would also be good study materials)

While this section will be multiple choice, do not assume it will be easy.

Grammar

This section will focus on chapters 6 and 9There will be 3 prompts based on issues

raised the chapters.Responses should be approximately 500-750

words.You will be graded using our standard essay

rubric.

Writing Argument

Assessment Thesis/Argument and Audience

Refers to topic; thesis statement and development; and how well tailored the essay is to your audience

Organization and design

Refers to order and focus of ideas; development of paragraphs for readability; and use of transitional language

Use of Evidence and Rhetorical Appeals

Refers to use of facts, statistics, examples, experts, and personal observation as well as logos, pathos, and ethos

Diction and sentence structure

Refers to using words and sentence structure appropriate to the audience and purpose

Grammar and Mechanics

Refers to spelling, word usage, grammar, punctuation, and ability to edit and proofread

Outstanding Thesis is clear, interesting, debatable and well-tailored towards the audience’s needs

Paper is organized clearly, with strong transitions, and a clear layout

Strong use of a variety of evidence and rhetorical appeals fully support the argument

Compelling word choice and effective sentence development and variety

Demonstrates mastery of grammar, creating compelling prose; few to no errors

Strong Thesis is clear, debatable, generates some interest, and audience is considered

Clear organization with occasional lapses in transitions

A mix of evidence and rhetorical appeals support argument well

Specific word choice with some sentence variety

Demonstrates understanding of most grammar; up to three errors per page

Satisfactory Thesis is clear, debatable and audience may partially be considered

Essay shows some organizational method but may lack consistent effective transitions

Sufficient evidence and rhetorical appeals are used to support argument

Conventional word choice and/or wordy; limited sentence variety

Occasional errors in sentence structure, verb agreement, pronoun reference, spelling, and punctuation; up to 5 errors per page

Limited Unclear or not debatable thesis; audience is not considered

Organization is unclear; transitions lacking

Argument is not supported by evidence and rhetorical appeals

Word choice doesn’t fit audience or purpose; poorly constructed sentences

Frequent errors in sentence structure, verb agreement, pronoun reference, spelling, and punctuation

:

Many post-test questions were already covered in this review.

Most other parts are questions from ENC 1101.

The following slides review some of the more important ideas from 1101

What about the Post-test?

Seven Steps of the Writing Process

1. Writing Situation – rhetorical star (subject, audience, purpose, strategy, and design)

2. Discovery – Brainstorming, Listing, Freewriting, Questioning ,Journaling, Sketching, Talking, Reading, and Viewing

3. Planning– working on thesis, outlines, and cluster diagrams

4. Composing – getting ideas on paper. Write the easiest part first to build your confidence. Don’t expect perfection. Write until you’ve covered all of the main points you’ve planned to address.

5. Revising – checking for unity (all details relating to thesis); get feedback, add and delete idea, develop remaining ideas, reorder paragraphs

6. Editing – Edit for higher order concerns like support and logic; Edit for lower level concerns like mechanics, spelling, and punctuation

7. Proofreading -- Check the smallest details. Read your paper aloud. Review the paper guidelines provided by your instructor.

Preview the text, read the text and annotate, summarize the text, discuss the text – don’t ever just read the abstract!

When looking at visual texts, look at the composition of the text and how it is organized.

Using others words or idea without giving them credit is plagiarism (also theft and cheating!)

You must cite quotes, paraphrase, and summary!Use expert testimony in supporting your points.

However, avoid weak sources like Wikipedia or web cites without clear authors

Analytical Reading, Plagiarism, and Using Evidence

Avoid presenting only one side of an argument

Analogies comparing unfamiliar subjects to more familiar ones can be a useful means of clarifying a point and extended analogies can help provide credibility

Extended analogies can be an effective strategy in analytical writing

Essay achieve Unity when all supporting points clearly relate to the thesis

Argument odds and ends

In pictures and comics, meanings can be fluid and variable. A good example of this is “The Vocabulary of Comics” from chapter 1.

The idea of Utopia is largely due to the book of the same name by Sir Thomas Moore.

“New Wave” art and literature comes about through generational divides.

Bits from the Reading

Please let me know if you have any questions

Good luck on the Final