final report on new zeal and
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I. Introduction
Neo Star Co.Ltd.
Neo Star Co.Ltd. is a leather products manufacturing company is committed to high quality
production. Starting from selecting high quality leather materials, innovative and customer
driven designs, and ending up with high quality finish for each and every unit produced.
Products include jackets , belts, bags, wallets etc.
Company Vision
Our vision is to manufacture excellent, high and consistent quality leather goods for creating
high customer base.
Company Mission
We are in business to produce high quality products of Leather Products, Gloves, Wallets, with a
unique and independent perspective based on our strong, confident and professional origins.
Our motivation is to help you in reaching a specific goal. For this very purpose, we have
employed the expertise of open-minded executives and with their energetic and practical
experience, highly skilled labor, most modern machinery and information technology. We are
eager to meet the growing need of our overseas customers quantitatively and qualitatively, with
every possible lowest price and high quality, as we are exploiting both comparative and
competitive advantages at the same time.
II. History of New Zealand
New Zealand is one of the most recently settled major land masses. The first settlers of New
Zealand were Eastern Polynesians who came to New Zealand, probably in a series of migrations,
sometime between around AD 800 and 1300. Over the next few centuries these settlers
developed into a distinct culture now known as Maori. The population was divided into Iwi
(tribes) and hapū (subtribes) which would co-operate, compete and sometimes fight with each
other. At some point a group of Maori migrated to the Chatham Islands where they developed
their own distinct Moriori culture.
The 1st New Zealand Parliament met for the first time in 1854. In 1856 the colony became
effectively self-governing with the grant of responsible government over all domestic matters
other than native policy. Power in this respect would be transferred to the colonial administration
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in the 1860s. In 1863 Premier Alfred Domett moved a resolution that the capital transfer to a
locality in Cook Strait, apparently due to concern the South Island could form a separate colony.
In 1893, the country became the first nation in the world to grant women the right to vote. In
1907, New Zealand became an independent Dominion and a fully independent nation in 1947
when the Statute of Westminster (1931) was ratified, although in practice Britain had ceased to
play any real role in the government of New Zealand much earlier than this. As New Zealand
became more politically independent it became more dependent economically; in the 1890s,
refrigerated shipping allowed New Zealand to base its entire economy on the export of meat and
dairy products to Britain. The country was very much a part of the world economy and suffered
as others did in the Great Depression of the 1930s. The depression led to the election of the first
Labour government, which established a comprehensive welfare state and a protectionist
economy. Māori had begun to move to the cities in search of work and excitement rather than the
traditional rural way of life. A Maori protest movement would eventually form, criticising Euro
centrism and seeking more recognition of Maori culture and the Treaty of Waitangi, which they
felt had not been fully honored. In 1975 a Waitangi Tribunal was set up to investigate allegedbreaches of the Treaty and in 1985 it was enabled to investigate historic grievances. In common
with all other developed countries, social developments accelerated in the 1970s and social and
political mores changed. By the 1970s, the traditional trade with Britain was threatened because
of Britain's membership of the European Economic Community. Great economic and social
changes took place in the 1980s under the 4th Labour government largely led by Finance
Minister Roger Douglas, and commonly referred to as "Rogernomics."
III. Geographical setting of New Zealand
A. Location
Location of New Zealand is Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia.
Area
Total area is 267,710 sq km and land is 267,710 sq km.
Coast line is 15,134 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 24 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
B. Climate
Climate is temperate with sharp regional contrast. New Zealand weather can change unexpectedly
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Temperature
New Zealand has a largely temperate climate. While the far north has subtropical weather during
summer, and inland alpine areas of the South Island can be as cold as -10°C in winter, most of the
country lies close to the coast, which means mild temperatures.
The average New Zealand temperature decreases IN south. January and February are the warmest
months, and July is the coldest month of the year. In summer, the average maximum temperature
ranges between 20-30ºC and in winter between 10-15ºC
IV. Social institutions
1.FamilyIn 1962 there were 66,000 births. By 2001 this had dropped to 56,221. During the same period, the
number of women of childbearing age rose by 70%, but fewer of them were opting for motherhood.Those who do are having children later. In 2004, women aged 30 – 34 years had the highest birth
rate.
Families are also getting smaller. The proportion of families with one child was 35.3% in 2001, and
the proportion with three children dropped slightly, from 19.3% in 1962 to 17.7% in 2001. Extended
family concept is not common in New Zealand.
Going it alone
New Zealand has the third highest rate of one-parent families in the world (after Canada and theUnited Kingdom). In 2001, 31% of families had a single parent, a proportion which has been slowly
rising. They are distinctly poorer than two-parent families. Most single parents are women, and
about half are in the 20 – 34 age group.
Parental Roles
Most of the families are broken families. Parents influence on children‘s decisions is less. So, the
parents influence on the children‘s purchasing behavior is negligible.
2.Education
State schools
State primary, intermediate and secondary schools provide a free, compulsory and secular education
for all young New Zealanders. Education is free from ages 5 to 19 and compulsory from ages 6 to
16. Many state schools, however, expect parents to pay fees to cover some school expenses that the
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state does not meet. State schools are co-educational at primary and intermediate levels. Most state
secondary schools are also co-educational.Since 1989, state schools have been governed by boards
of trustees elected by parents.
Early childhood education
Although preschool education is not compulsory, many New Zealand children below the age of five
attend kindergartens, playcentres or childcare centers. The play centre movement involves parents
and had an important social role in the last third of the 20th century.
Integrated schools
After the 1877 Education Act established a secular system of education, the Roman Catholic Church
built up a separate, parallel system of primary and secondary schools to maintain Catholic identity.
These schools have now been integrated with the state system. The state pays most of the costs of
running integrated schools, which are required to have open entry. However, they are allowed to
retain their special character.
Private schools
There are also a number of private (mostly church-related) schools. Some schools have chosen not
to integrate with the state system and remain independent, fee-charging institutions. Some of the
older schools have a socially élite character. Others have been established more recently, often by
evangelical Christian churches. Private schools receive some state funding but are governed by
independent boards.
Tertiary education
Almost all the country‘s tertiary education institutions (polytechnics, colleges of education and
universities) receive state funds but are governed by independent councils. Part-fees are now
charged for most tertiary courses. A student loan scheme helps maintain the tradition of open access
to higher education, which resulted in the past from low fees, a bursary system and from students
being able to earn money during the long summer break.
Māori education
Most Māori are educated within the state system. An initiative of the 1980s was to set up kōhanga
reo (preschool language ‗nests‘) to help the Māori language survive. Some young Māori continue
their education in kura kaupapa Māori (schools in which Māori language is used and the education
is based on Māori culture and values). Like other state schools, they are free. Wānanga (institutions
of higher learning) have also been established.
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All New Zealand children enjoy equal access to the state system, and Māori who send their children
to kōhanga reo and kura kaupapa do so by choice.
Literacy rate
Definition of literacy is that a person 15 years old and over can read and write.
Literacy rate: 99%
Male: 99%
Female: 99%
Education expenditure is 6.1% of GDP (2007)
3.Political system
Political structure
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. Although it has no
codified constitution, the Constitution Act 1986 is the principal formal statement of New Zealand's
constitutional structure. Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state and is titled Queen of New Zealand
under the Royal Titles Act 1974. She is represented by the Governor-General, who she appoints on
the exclusive advice of the Prime Minister.
The Governor-General exercises the Crown's prerogative powers, such as the power to appoint and
dismiss ministers and to dissolve Parliament, and in rare situations, the reserve powers. The
Governor-General also chairs the Executive Council, which is a formal committee consisting of all
ministers of the Crown. Members of the Executive Council are required to be Members of Parliament, and most are also in Cabinet. Cabinet is the most senior policy-making body and is led
by the Prime Minister, who is also, by convention, the Parliamentary leader of the governing party
or coalition. The current Prime Minister is Helen Clark, the leader of the Labour Party.
The New Zealand Parliament has only one chamber, the House of Representatives, which usually
seats 120 Members of Parliament. Parliamentary general elections are held every three years under a
form of proportional representation called Mixed Member Proportional.
The highest court in New Zealand is the Supreme Court of New Zealand, which was established in
2004 following the passage of the Supreme Court Act 2003.New Zealand's judiciary also includesthe Court of Appeal; the High Court, which deals with serious criminal offences and civil matters at
the trial level and with appeals from lower courts and tribunals; and subordinate courts.
New Zealand is the only country in the world in which all the highest offices in the land have been
occupied simultaneously by women.
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Political parties
Political parties and leaders in New Zealand are following:
ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]
Green Party [Russel NORMAN and Metiria TUREI]
Mana Party [Hone HARAWIRA]
Maori Party [Tariana TURIA and Dr. Pita SHARPLES]
New Zealand National Party [John KEY]
New Zealand First Party or NZ First [Winston PETERS]
New Zealand Labor Party [Phil GOFF]
Jim Anderton's Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]
United Future New Zealand [Peter DUNNE]
Stability of government
Government of New Zealand is stable. There is democracy in New Zealand and government
completes its duration. There is no fear about instability of government. So, doing business in New
Zealand there is no issue of political stability.
Local government
Local government in New Zealand has only the powers conferred upon it by parliament.
Special taxes
The Inland Revenue Development (IRD) is responsible for handling taxation issues for individuals,
families, businesses, employers, not-for-profit groups, non-residents and visitors in New Zealand.
If you obtain employment in New Zealand, you will need to apply for an IRD number, which will
serve as your unique tax identifier. This eight or nine digit unique number will never change, even if
you move to another country and then return to New Zealand at some stage in the future.
Tax rates
Tax paid is depend on your annual income in New Zealand. The standard New Zealand tax year
runs from 1 April to 31 March. The IRD is explicit in terms of how much tax income earners will
owe. For every $1 earned, you will pay:
• 10.5 cents of every dollar for income up to $14,000
• 17.5 cents of every dollar for income from $14,001 and $48,000
• 30 cents of every dollar for income from $48,001 to $70,000
• 33 cents of every dollar for income of $70,001 and over
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Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) levy
Income that you receive from personal effort is liable for ACC earners' levy. This levy is charged to
cover the cost of rehabilitation and compensation following non-work related injuries. The levy is
set at 2.4% for the 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2012 tax year and charged to a maximum of $2,278.04.
Earnings subject to the ACC levy include wages, salaries, back pay, holiday pay, overtime pay,
long-service pay, bonuses, gratuities, taxable allowances, shareholder-employee salaries, and
salaries to partners in a partnership.
Goods & services tax (GST)
Goods and services tax (GST) is a tax on most goods and services in New Zealand, most imported
goods and certain imported services. GST is added to the price of taxable goods and services at a
rate of 12.5%.
Taxable goods include all types of personal and real property and food, while services cover
everything other than goods or money, for example TV repairs and doctors‘ services.
Tax credits
Certain tax credits have been put in place in New Zealand to aid low- and middle-income families
through Working for families. Adjustments are made regularly to ensure the credits keep pace with
inflation. Credits can be paid throughout the year or in a lump sum at the end of each financial year.
There are four main categories of Working for Families credits:
Family Tax Credit – (previously called family support) is a payment for each dependent
child aged 18 or younger.
In-work Tax Credit – (previously called in-work payment) is a payment for families working
a minimum number of hours each week for a salary or wage.
Minimum Family Tax Credit – (previously called family tax credit) is a payment for families
earning up to $24,493 a year before tax.
Parental Tax Credit – is a payment for a newborn baby for the first eight weeks or 56 days
after the baby is born.
Foreign Income Tax rule
Since 1 April 2006, people arriving to live in New Zealand may qualify for a temporary tax
exemption on most types of foreign income.
Income tax for companies
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New Zealand‘s company tax rate has dropped to 28%, down from 30%, from 1 April 2011 for the
start of the 2011/2012 tax year. The tax cut brings the company tax rate in New Zealand below the
Australian company tax rate.
4.Legal systemThe judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeal, High Courts, and District Courts.
New Zealand law has three principal sources--English common law, certain statutes of the U.K.
Parliament enacted before 1947, and statutes of the New Zealand parliament. In interpreting
common law, the courts have been concerned with preserving uniformity with common law as
interpreted in the United Kingdom.
5.Social organizations
Group behavior People of New Zealand are always on time or early for all appointments. Punctuality is part
of the culture. "Fashionably late" is not an option in this country as most social events start
on time.
They maintain a reserved, formal demeanor, especially when first meeting someone.
Normal business hours are Monday to Friday 8:30am-5:00pm and Saturday 9:00am-
12:30pm.
Talking is minimal while they are eating a meal. The conversation will occur before and
after meal. Dinners are reserved for social interactions only, therefore no business
discussions at these occasions. Lunch is used for business conversations. Boisterous behavior is always inappropriate, even when you are drinking. Pace themselves
to maintain the proper reserved and polite behavior.
Afternoon tea is between 3:00 - 4:00pm.
Tea is between 6:00 - 8:00pm, and an evening meal is served.
Supper is a snack served much later in the evening,
A tip may be refused, as tipping is rare.
Entertaining is frequently done in a person's home. A small thank you gift of flowers,
chocolate, or whiskey may be taken to the host and/or hostess.
Cover their mouth if they must yawn, and do not chew gum or toothpicks in public.
Ask permission before taking photograph.
Organizations
There are many big organizations in New Zealand. Some of them are following:
1. Abano Healthcare Group Ltd (ABA)
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2. Air New Zealand Ltd (AIR)
3. Allied Farmers Ltd (ALF)
4. ASB Capital Ltd (ASBPA)
5. Bathurst Resources Ltd (BTU)
6. BLIS Technologies Ltd (BLT)
7. Broken Hill Prospecting Ltd (BPL)
8. Contact Energy Ltd (CEN)
9. Investment Research Group Ltd (IRG)
10. Oceana Gold Corp (OGC)
Ethnic groups
About 74.5% of the population is classified as New Zealand European; 9.7% Maori; 4.6% are
considered other European;3.8% Pacific Islander; and 7.4% Asian and others. The most significant
minority group, the indigenous Maori people, is a Polynesian group with a distinctive culture and a
well-ordered social system.
Race relations
Until the mid-20th century the Māori population was largely rural. Between 1951 and 1971 the
proportion of Māori living in cities rose from 20% to 58%. By 2001 Māori were as likely to be
living in cities and larger towns as the rest of the population. When Māori and Pākehā began living
in closer proximity, the belief that the country had ‗the best race relations in the world‘ was tested.
A race relations conciliator was first appointed in 1971 to help combat racial discrimination.
Pacific Islanders
In 2001 about half the 231,800 Pacific Islanders in New Zealand were Samoan. The next largest
groups were Cook Island Māori (52,600) and Tongan (40,700). Many more Cook Island Māori,
Niueans and Tokelauans live in New Zealand than on their home islands.More than half the Pacific
Islanders who live in New Zealand were born there. The population is young and concentrated in the
Auckland region.
Asians
Between 1991 and 2001, the proportion of Asians in New Zealand almost doubled. By 2001, Asiansmade up 6.6% of the population. The Chinese form the largest group, followed by Indians. Within
these two communities there are families that have been in the country for several generations. Two-
thirds of New Zealand‘s Asians live in the Auckland region
6.Business customs and practices
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Relationships & Communication
New Zealanders can be somewhat reserved, especially with people they do not know.
Once they develop a personal relationship, they are friendly, outgoing and social.
Do not appear too forward or overly friendly.
They respect people who are honest, direct, and demonstrate a sense of humour.
They trust people until they are given a reason not to. If this happens in business the breach
will be difficult to repair and business dealings may cease or become more difficult.
Business Meeting Etiquette
Appointments are usually necessary and should be made at least one week in advance by
telephone, fax or email.
It is generally easy to schedule meetings with senior level managers if you are coming from
another country if the meeting is planned well in advance. It can be difficult to schedule meetings in December and January since these are the prime
months for summer vacation.
Arrive at meetings on time or even a few minutes early.
If you do not arrive on time, your behaviour may be interpreted as indicating that you are
unreliable or that you think your time is more important than the person with whom you are
meeting.
Meetings are generally relaxed; however, they are serious events.
Expect a brief amount of small talk before getting down to the matter at hand.
If you make a presentation, avoid hype, exaggerated claims, hyperbole, and bells and
whistles.
New Zealanders are interested in what people 'can do' not what they say they can do.
Present your business case with facts and figures. Emotions and feelings are not important
in the New Zealand business climate.
Maintain eye contact and a few feet of personal space.
Negotiations
The negotiating process takes time.
Do not attempt high-pressure sales tactics. Demonstrate the benefits of your services or products rather than talking about them.
Start your negotiations with a realistic figure. Since this is not a bargaining culture, New
Zealanders do not expect to haggle over price.
Kiwis look for value for their money.
Do not make promises you cannot keep or offer unrealistic proposals. Kiwis do not
generally trust people who have to oversell.
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They are quite direct and expect the same in return. They appreciate brevity and are not
impressed by more detail than is required.
Agreements and proposals must state all points clearly. All terms and conditions should be
explained in detail.
Stick to the point while speaking.
Kiwis appreciate honesty and directness in business dealings.
Kiwi Society & Culture
There can be marked differences between Maori and NZ European (Pakeha) societies and culture.
This is particularly apparent when moving in tribal (Iwi) circles. Due to colonisation and tribal
differences, there can also be subtle but important variations in protocols. The following sections
outline aspects most likely to occur when doing business with tribal groups but can also equally
apply to any group that includes Maori.
Kiwi Demeanour
New Zealanders are friendly, outgoing, somewhat reserved initially yet polite, and enjoy
extending hospitality.
They are quite easy to get to know as they say hello to strangers and will offer assistance
without being asked.
Because they do not stand on ceremony and are egalitarian, they move to a first name basis
quickly and shun the use of titles.
Kiwis dress casually, but neatly.
Most restaurants do not have dress codes and except in business, dress is decidedly casual.
Business dress is conservative, although jackets may be removed and shirtsleeves rolled up
when working.
Maori demeanour
Maori are generally friendly and reserved and place great value on hospitality.
They will generally offer (often to the point of going without) assistance to their guests and
will attempt to hide the inconvenience as much as possible.
Maori will spontaneously launch into speech and song. Even though they may not have met
each other, they will know many songs they can sing together and often use these to close or
enhance speeches.
They will often call for visitors to do the same and it would be wise to have 2-3 practised
songs from your own country to reply with.
V. Religion and aesthetic
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A. Religion and other belief systems
Religion in New Zealand is dominated demographically by Christianity, at just over half of the
population at the 2006 New Zealand Census although regular church attendance is probably closer
to 15%. Prior to European colonization the religion of the indigenous Māori population was
animistic, but the subsequent efforts of missionaries such as Samuel Marsden resulted in most Māori
converting to Christianity.
New Zealand has no state religion and freedom of religion has been protected since the signing of
the Treaty of Waitangi.
More recently the number of adherents of non-Christian religions has increased dramatically due to
immigration and dispersal of culture, to around 5% in 2006. Roughly one-third of New Zealanders
claim no religious affiliation. Statistics New Zealand report that about 80% of the largest non-
Christian religious groups are composed of immigrants, almost half of whom have arrived in NewZealand since 2000. The exceptions to this are traditional Maori religion, Judaism (24% immigrant)
and Bahá'í (20% immigrant).
Orthodox doctrine
Orthodox doctrine in New Zealand is Christianity orthodox. For the Orthodox Christians, the
doctrine of the Holy Trinity underlies all theology and spirituality. Salvation is personal and
underlines particularity. Yet salvation is also communal and implies sharing; there is a uniqueness
and wholeness in the human person, in humanity and in creation. It is also on the doctrine of the
Holy Trinity that the conciliar and hierarchical structure of the Orthodox Church rests.
The mystery of the Trinity is revealed in the supreme act of love, the Incarnation of the divine
"Word that became flesh", assuming and healing humanity and creation entirely.
Participation in the deified humanity of Jesus Christ is the ultimate goal of the Christian life,
accomplished through the Holy Spirit. In the Sacraments and in the life of the Church, each person
is called to theosis or deification. For "God became human in order that humanity might be
divinised".
Membership of each religion
Religious affiliation in New Zealand
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2006 2001 1996
Number % Number % Number %
Anglican 554,925 14.7 584,793 16.7 631,764 18.8
Roman Catholic 508,437 13.4 485,637 13.9 473,112 14.1
Presbyterian, Congregational and Reformed 400,839 10.6 431,139 12.3 470,442 14.0
Christian (not further defined) 186,234 4.9 192,165 5.5 186,891 5.6
Methodist 121,806 3.2 120,546 3.4 121,650 3.6
Pentecostal 79,155 2.1 67,182 1.9 69,333 2.1
Baptist 56,913 1.5 51,423 1.5 53,613 1.6
Latter-day Saints 43,539 1.2 39,915 1.1 41,166 1.2
Brethren 19,617 0.5 20,397 0.6 21,933 0.7
Jehovah's Witness 17,910 0.5 17,829 0.5 19,527 0.6
Adventist 16,191 0.4 14,868 0.4 14,691 0.4
Evangelical 13,836 0.4 11,016 0.3 1,584 0.0
Orthodox Christianity 13,194 0.3 9,576 0.3 6,933 0.2
Salvation Army 11,493 0.3 12,618 0.4 14,625 0.4
Other Christian 16,830 0.4 15,513 0.4 16,734 0.5
Total Christian 2,027,418 53.6 2,043,843 58.4 2,143,995 63.8
Ratana 50,565 1.3 48,975 1.4 36,450 1.1
Ringatu
16,419 0.4 15,291 0.4 8,271 0.2
Other Maori Christian 579 0.0 660 0.0 729 0.0
Total Maori Christian 65,550 1.7 63,597 1.8 45,450 1.4
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Hindu 64,392 1.7 39,798 1.1 25,551 0.8
Buddhist 52,362 1.4 41,634 1.2 28,131 0.8
Muslim 36,072 1.0 23,631 0.7 13,545 0.4
Spiritualism and New Age religions 19,800 0.5 16,062 0.5 9,786 0.3
Sikh 9,507 0.3 5,199 0.1 2,817 0.1
Jewish 6,858 0.2 6,636 0.2 4,809 0.1
Other religions 14,952 0.4 13,581 0.4 7,359 0.2
Total non-Christian religions 203,934 5.4 146,544 4.2 91,998 2.7
No religion 1,297,104 34.3 1,028,049 29.4 867,264 25.8
Not stated/inadequately described 292,974 7.7 287,376 8.2 212,997 6.3
Object to answering 242,610 6.4 239,244 6.8 256,593 7.6
Total non-religious 1,832,688 48.4 1,554,669 44.3 1,336,854 39.7
Total population 4,027,947 3,737,277 3,618,303
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B. Aesthetics in New Zealand
The music of New Zealand is the expression of the culture of New Zealand. New Zealand's music is
influenced by the culture of the indigenous Māori and immigrants from the
Pacific region, though its musical origins lie predominantly in British colonial history, with
contributions from Europe and America. As the nation grew and established its own culture, local
artists combined these styles with local influences to create music that is distinctively New Zealand.
The most popular styles of the late 20th century were rock and hip hop, both genres garnished with
New Zealand's unique Pacific influences. By the 21st century, roots, reggae, dub and electronica
were all popular with local artists. New Zealand has maintained an alternative scene for several
decades and has a rapidly growing Heavy Metal scene.
Māori have also developed a popular music scene, and incorporated reggae, rock and roll and other
influences. New Zealand reggae bands like Herbs, Katchafire and Fat Freddy's Drop are highly
popular. The 1990s saw the rise of hip hop groups like Moana & the Moahunters and the Upper Hutt
Posse.
In the traditional styles, New Zealand's geographic isolation and cultural milieu perhaps contributed
to the slow growth of formal traditions based on European classical music, however these styles
have also gained broad recognition. In 1975, the Composers Association of New Zealand was
established, creating a more defined structure and network to the development of classical
composition in New Zealand.
VI. Living Conditions
A. Diet and nutrition
Most New Zealanders eat their main meal known as dinner, or sometimes tea in the evening. Most
families living in one household try to eat dinner together several times a week. The formality and
structure of these meals varies from family to family. Although, a few New Zealanders cook most
things 'from scratch', most New Zealand home cooks are dependent to some extent on pre-made
ingredients (in particular, packaged soup and sauce mixes). Cakes are very rarely made from packet
mix, this has never really taken on in New Zealand. Most families eat takeaways (take-out), such asfish and chips, Chinese food, or pizza about once or twice a week. In flats (households shared by a
group of unrelated young people), flatmates will generally either take turns cooking or each cook
and eat individually.
In the summer, the barbecue is common, generally as a social event. Guests will usually be invited
to bring beer (or wine), and on occasion meat, which the host will cook. Sometimes guests
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contribute a salad to the gathering instead. It is traditional for the men to cook the meat, and for the
women to do everything else, although these patterns are changing. Similar Māo ri gatherings will
often feature a hangi (pronounced hung-ee), a pit in which meats or fish are cooked with vegetables.
A deep hole is dug in the ground, lined with red-hot stones and covered with vegetation. The food is
then placed on top. The whole oven is sprinkled with water and sealed with more vegetation. The
hole is then filled with earth and left to steam for several hours. Traditionally, men dig and prepare
the hole, and women prepare the food to go in it. All members of an extended family (whanau) help
out for such a feast. The occasion is relaxed, friendly and fun, with people often eating the meal
under a marquee.
Many New Zealand gatherings feature a custom known as 'bring a plate' or 'potluck' in which each
guest will bring a plate of food to share. This allows people to host large groups without incurring
serious expense. Similar customs include guests bringing salads or meat to a barbecue. Most New
Zealand parties are 'BYO' (bring your own alcohol), but in this case the drinks are not usually
shared. This is especially the case with parties hosted by young people, who cannot usually affordalcohol for more than a few people. One exception is sometimes the 21st birthday party, which will
often be funded by the host's family. Weddings are also normally catered for by the hosts and their
family.
New Zealand's eating out culture has developed strongly after the mid 1970s, thanks partially to the
liberalization of liquor licensing laws and popularization of cafes and other similar casual dining
establishments. It is common for people to visit cafes regularly for lunch or morning or afternoon
snacks. On the other hand, visits to restaurants are still regarded as special occasion treats for most
of the population.
There is a 'fast food' culture similar to that in the United States, Australia and Britain. Many
American fast food chains have a presence in New Zealand, and local variants based on quality local
produce (such as Burger Fuel and Hell Pizza for example) have arisen. The pie is possibly the
nearest thing New Zealand has to street food, though its popularity has waned. A fast food chain
based on pies, Georgie Pie, was founded in 1977, but went out of business in the mid 1990s.
Currently another fast food chain selling pies exists: Australian based Jester's produces pies
throughout New Zealand's North Island, predominantly Auckland.
In the main centers, food courts have become popular, with several in Auckland alone. Immigration
has led to an increase in choice and quality, with many food halls offering cuisines including Thai,Indian, Turkish, Malaysian, Japanese and Chinese, as well as distinctly New Zealand fare such as
roast dinners.
Housing
In 2001 the average number of people in a household was well below three persons (in 1976 it was
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garments: A knee length kilt-like garment worn around the waist and secured by a belt. And a
rectangular garment worn over the shoulders. This might be a cape-like garment or a long cloak-like
garment of finer quality
Men's belts were known as tatua and women's as tu. The man's belt was usually the more ornate.
Belts were usually made of flax but occasionally other materials were used such as kiekie and
pingao. Flax belts were often plaited in patterns with black and white stripes. The belts tied with a
string tie. Women often wore a belt composed of many strands of plaited fiber.
To meet the cold and wet conditions of the New Zealand winter, a rain cloak (pake) emerged. It was
made from tags of raw flax or Cordyline partly scraped and set in close rows attached to the muka or
plaited fiber base. A type of garment known as a pake karure was made of two-ply closed strands of
hukahuka (twisted or rolled cord or tag) interspersed with occasional black-dyed two-ply open type
karure (loosely twisted) muka thread cord. Garments such as these were worn interchangeably either
around the waist as a piupiu, or across the shoulder as a cape.
Workplace dressing
There are following workplace dressing codes:
Smart casual: This is the dress code where you are most likely to get away with jeans. However,
note the "smart" in this description - dark wash denim will always appear smarter than a lighter
wash with distressing down the leg.
Business casual: Is more "business" than "casual". Choose a look that's comfortable but dressed up
enough to walk into a meeting at any point.
Semi-formal: Blurs the line between "business casual" and "business". For women this means
moving towards dresses and skirts where a tidy cardigan is worn over a blouse on top instead of the
formal jacket. For men this is still shirt territory, but not necessarily ties and jackets.
Business: You can afford to be more playful with a "business" look than a "corporate" look but
keep this vision sharp and stylish. For men, this is where a creative tie would work well, and women
might choose stockings with more detail. Make sure shoes and belts match in colour tone.
Corporate: Means that you mean business, and nothing says business like a sharp suit. Think black
and white, pin stripes, cuff links and patent leather shoes. For women, knee length pencil skirts with
a structured matching jacket, high heels and jewellery with class. For both men and women, a
classic trench coat is the ideal corporate companion for your look in winter.
C. Leisure Activities
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For people looking to get out and be active on the weekends, they can find heaps of things to do in
New Zealand. Most common leisure activities in New Zealand are:
Biking
Hiking
Kayaking
Snorkeling and diving
Boating
Fishing
Camping
Surfing
D. Social security
New Zealand's social security system is based on residence, that is, in order to receive a payment aperson must have lived in New Zealand for a specific period of time and be resident in New
Zealand. New Zealand provides following benefits to its people:
New Zealand superannuation
This benefit is paid to people who are 65 years of age. Although the payment is not generally
income tested, any foreign benefit is directly deducted from the rate payable. Additional assistance
is available to those who qualify.
Invalid's benefit
This benefit is paid to people who have a permanent sickness, injury or disability that prevents them
from working. Invalid's benefit may include an additional component for a person's partner.
Veteran's pension
This benefit is paid to ex-service people who have reached the qualifying age for NZS and receive a
war disablement pension of at least 70% level of disability. People who are younger than the
qualifying age for NZS can receive this benefit if they are unable to work due to a disability.
Domestic purposes benefit
This benefit is paid to single parents, older women who 'become alone' and people caring for
someone who is sick or infirm.
Orphans & unsupported children benefit
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This benefit is paid to children who have been orphaned or whose parents are unable to care for
them.
Unemployment benefit
This benefit is paid to people 18 years or over who are looking for work or training for work.
Independent youth benefit
This benefit is paid to young people who are in school, training, actively looking for work or unable
to work temporarily.
Sickness benefit
This benefit is paid to people who are temporarily unable to work due to sickness, injury, disability
or pregnancy.
Work Injury
The accident compensation scheme provides coverage for work injury and occupational disease for
all New Zealand citizens and residents. The scheme also provides coverage for non work-related
and other specific injuries for all New Zealand citizens, residents, and temporary visitors.
Survivor benefits
o Survivor pension: Paid for the death of an earner.o Survivor's grant: Paid for the death of an insured person.
o Child care: Paid for the care of a dependent child.
Eligible survivors include a spouse, orphan and other dependents. Payments to a spouse continue
until the latest of the following: the end of 5 consecutive years from the date on which the
entitlement first became payable, the date the deceased's youngest child reaches age 18, or the date
the spouse no longer provides care for the deceased's children younger than age 18 or any other
qualifying dependent. (The spouse can choose between survivor benefits under superannuation or
work injury.) Payments to an orphan continue until the end of the calendar year in which the orphan
reaches age 18, the end of full-time study, or age 21, whichever is earliest. An orphan with a
disability who was dependent on the deceased is eligible for weekly compensation after the end of
the calendar year in which he or she reaches age 18 if his or her average earnings are less than a
fixed amount. Payments to other dependents are made if the dependent's average weekly earnings
over a 12-month period are less than the minimum full-time earner rate, regardless of age.
Temporary Disability Benefits
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Temporary disability benefit (weekly compensation): 80% of the worker's average weekly earnings
is paid until he or she is able to return to work. Weekly earnings are calculated under prescribed
rules according to the worker's earnings in the period before the incapacity began. For work-related
personal injuries, the employer pays for the first week of incapacity. (For nonwork-related personal
injuries, there is a 1-week waiting period.) The benefit is paid for as long as a certified incapacity
lasts or until age 65 (when the New Zealand superannuation is paid). Claimants aged 65 or older can
receive the benefit for up to 2 years.
Permanent Disability Benefits
Lump-sum payment: A single nontaxable payment is provided to compensate for a permanent
incapacity resulting from an injury. Assessment for entitlement begins 2 years after the injury
began, or once the injury stabilizes, whichever is earlier. The lump sum ranges from NZ$3,078.46
for an assessed incapacity of 10% to NZ$123,138.28 for an assessed incapacity of 80% or more.
Workers' Medical Benefits
The insured must make a minimum co-payment for medical care and physical rehabilitation,
according to a schedule in law. In some cases, the minimum payment may be the full cost. The
insured pays for the full cost of benefits that are not specified. The full cost of elective surgery is
fully funded if performed by a contracted provider; partially funded if performed by a non-
contracted provider.
Social rehabilitation:
Attendant care, household help, childcare, assistive devices and appliances, modification of motor
vehicles and residence, and travel-related costs are provided.
Vocational rehabilitation:
Provided for up to 3 years (may be extended) to those entitled to compensation for loss of earnings
and potential earnings.
E. Healthcare in New Zealand
New Zealand has both a public and private healthcare system, and both offer high standards of care.
A. The public system
The government-funded public health system works on a community-oriented model, with three key
sectors.
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1. District Health Boards
2. Primary Health Care.
3. PHOs (Primary Health Organizations)
B. The private system
Private healthcare in New Zealand includes specialist services, primary care and private hospitals
which provide non-urgent and elective treatments that complement the public health service's focus
on urgent and essential treatments.
VII. Language
The three official languages of New Zealand are English, Maori and NZ Sign Language. English is
the language of day-to-day business within New Zealand, a remnant of ties to the British
Commonwealth. Maori is a Polynesian language similar to the languages of other Pacific Islandcultures, such as Hawaiian, Tongan, and Samoan. Over 157,000 people in New Zealand speak
Maori (2006 Census).
Maori and English are used throughout the country in various television and radio programs. As
with other regions in the world where two cultures have been mixed, English has influenced Maori
and Maori has influenced English.
The Southland Dialect
―Southland speech‖ or ―the Southland dialect‖ is a regional variant of New Zealand English
popularly associated with the provincial district of Southland in the south and south-west of the
South Island. It has developed from the original lowland Scottish dialect-complex of the early
immigrants. Though more noticeable in rural Southland, many of the features of the dialect extend
over most of rural Otago, and one at least (the pronunciation of r before consonants or at the end of
words) well into South Canterbury. In the cities of Dunedin and (perhaps) Invercargill ―the
Southland dialect‖ is giving way to the general New Zealand dialect.―The Southland dialect‖ is
usually recognized by the sounds and words tendencies.
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Economic analysis:
I. Introduction:
The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains enteredinto a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen
Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized
colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the
native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907
and supported the UK militarily in both world wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number
of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address
longstanding Maori grievances.
II. Population:
A. Total:
4,327,944 (July 2012 est.) country comparisons to the world: 126.
Population growth rate:
0.863% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 131
Live births
There were 63,180 live births registered in New Zealand in the March 2011 year, down 770 (1percent) from the March 2010 year.
Birth rate:
13.57 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 147
B. Distribution of Population:
Age:
0-14 years: 20.4% (male 448,106/female 426,348)
15-64 years: 66.4% (male 1,426,595/female 1,420,643)
65 years and over: 13.3% (male 260,454/female 308,201) (2011 est.)
Geographic Areas:
Urban population: 86% of total population (2010)
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Rate of urbanization: 0.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Net migration rate:
2.26 migrant(s)/1,000 populations (2012 est.) Country comparison to the world: 36
Ethnic groups:
European 56.8%, Asian 8%, Maori 7.4%, Pacific Islander 4.6%, mixed 9.7%, other 13.5% (2006
Census)
III. Economic statistics and activity:
A. Gross National Product
Total
$123.3 billion (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $120.9 billion (2010 est.) $118.9billion (2009 est.).
GDP - real growth rate:
2% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 158 1.7% (2010 est.)
B. Personal Income per capita:
$27,900 (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 48 $27,700 (2010 est.) $27,500 (2009 est.
C. Average Family Income:
Average annual income in New Zealand is around 54,900 NZD (45,000 USD), according to
2011/2012 salary survey. New Zealand incomes are not the most high by international standard
comparisons. However they are at a level where middle class enjoy a good life style. The
minimum wage is around $500 NZD per week. New Zealand has a minimum rate that must be
paid for young people under 20 ages. This rate is around 10 NZD per hour. A little bit less than
3% of employees are at these levels. Those that are work in unskilled areas belongs to this level
as well. Employees in skilled occupations with more than 10 years of experience receive average
earnings from around 58,000 NZD to around 80,000 NZD or more per year.
D. Distribution of wealth:
Income classes:
Class in New Zealand is a product of both Māori and Western social structures. New Zealand was
traditionally supposed to be a 'classless society' but this claim is problematic in a number of ways, and has
been clearly untrue since at least the 1980s.
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Māori hierarchies:
Māori society has traditionally been one based on rank, which derived from ancestry
(whakapapa). Chiefs were invariably descended from other chiefs, although chieftainship was
not the exclusive right of the first born son of the previous chief. If he did not show signs of
leadership ability he would be passed over in favor of a brother or other relative. In some tribes
women could take on leadership roles, although this was not usual. Women, lowly born men, and
even people from other tribes were able to achieve positions of considerable influence. Such
people have included Princess Te Puea Herangi and 'kingmaker' Wiremu Tamihana. Until the
advent of Christianity it was normal for prisoners of war to be enslaved. Slaves had no rights and
could be killed at the will of their master. However their children were free members of the tribe.
Present-day Māori society is far less hierarchical than it traditionally was, although it is still
stratified by European standards. A disproportionate number of Māori MPs come from chiefly
families, for example. However, a number of lowly- born Māori have achieved positions of
considerable mana within their communities by virtue of their achievements or learning.
The 'classless society'
Until about the 1980s it was claimed that New Zealand was a 'classless society'. Historian Keith
Sinclair wrote in 1969 that although New Zealand was not a classless society, "it must be more
nearly classless... than any advanced society in the world". From the nineteenth century many
visitors also made this claim, for example British socialists Sidney and Beatrice Webb. The
evidence for this was the relatively small range of wealth (that is, the wealthiest did not earn
hugely more than the poorest earners), lack of deference to authority figures, high levels of class
mobility, a high standard of working class living compared to Britain, progressive labour laws
which protected workers and encouraged unionism, and a welfare state which was developed in
New Zealand before most other countries.
Recently James Belich has argued that most of this is not evidence of an absence of class but
rather of the relatively high status and standard of living of the working class in the nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries. Unlike in Britain at this time, New Zealand working class people
could regularly eat meat, own their own homes, and own horses (and later cars), while still being
working class. Until the advent of compulsory secondary education in the 1930s, class mobility
was limited, although much less so than in Britain.
It has also been argued that in New Zealand race takes the place of class, with Māori and other
Polynesians earning less, having a lower standard of living and less education, and working in
lower status jobs than people of European descent. They also face prejudice akin to that facing
working class people in many European countries.
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New Zealanders' egalitarianism has been criticised as discouraging and denigrating ambition and
individual achievement and success. New Zealanders tend to value modesty and distrust those
who talk about their own merits. They especially dislike anyone who seems to consider
themselves better than others even if the person in question is demonstrably more talented or
successful than others. It is partly for this reason that mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary is so
admired in New Zealand; despite being the first person to climb Mount Everest he was always
very modest. Extreme humility was arguably partly responsible for the early death of Prime
Minister Norman Kirk, who may have survived his various health problems had he used his
status to get preferential treatment from the public health system, or used private healthcare. This
attitude can manifest itself in the tall poppy syndrome, which describes the 'cutting down' of
anyone thought to have risen above the general mass of people.
New Zealand's claims to be a classless society were dealt a fatal blow in the 1980s and 1990s by
the economic reforms of the fourth Labour government and its successor, the fourth National
government. The reforms (sometimes called Rogernomics) made by these governments severely
weakened the power of unions, removed a lot of protection from workers, cut social welfare
benefits and made state housing less affordable. Over the period of these reforms, the gap
between rich and poor New Zealanders has increased dramatically, with the incomes of the
richest 10% of New Zealanders advancing while the other 90% stayed largely static. In addition
the number of New Zealanders living in poverty is much higher than in the 1970s. In an article
entitled "Countries with the Biggest Gaps between Rich and Poor" Business Week ranked New
Zealand at 6th in the world:
“ The U.N. Development Program recently came out with a report looking, among other things,at income inequality worldwide... According to the OECD, New Zealand had the biggest rise
in inequality among member nations in the two decades starting in the mid-1980s. ”
However although wealth is much more unevenly distributed than previously, New Zealand still
lacks most of the overt signals of class which mark countries such as Britain. Most people do not
care what others' parents do for a living, who a person is descended from, or where they went to
school, and New Zealanders almost invariably have more respect for those who have earned their
money through hard work than those who have inherited it or made it through investment.
The trend of greater social disparity has also seen a change in attitudes. Younger New Zealanders
increasingly accept inequality as an unavoidable social reality, and egalitarian concerns are less
popular.
Measures of social class
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In 1972 Elley and Irving published Socioeconomic Status in New Zealand , which became one of
the most cited papers in New Zealand social sciences. They outlined a socioeconomic index, now
known as 'Elley-Irving (E-I)', based on 1966 Census data. E-I proposed six social strata based
upon education and income, and grouped by occupation.
In the 1990s, P. Davis et al. published New Zealand Socioeconomic Index of Occupational
Status, known as NZSEI. It was based on a 'returns to human capital' model of the stratification
process and originally used data from the 1991 New Zealand Census (n=1,051,926) to generate
scores for 97 occupational groups. It was later updated using 2006 Census data. NZSEI is a
linear scale of ranked occupation, produced using an algorithm involving age, income and
education, and aggregated to six discrete groupings (called Socio-economic Status, SES) to
enable comparison with E-I and ISEI.
NZSEI96: Absolute and percentage sex differences in mean income and education
Class Population
distribution
Mean income
($000)
Income diff.
by sex (M-F)
Mean years of
Education
Education diff.
by sex (M-F)
SES % Males Females % diff $000s Males Females % diff Years
1 6.3 67 50 34 17 14.4 14.8 -3 -0.4
2 6.6 51 42 21 9 14.7 15.1 -3 -0.4
3 27.6 45 35 27 10 12.9 13.3 -3 -0.4
4 20.5 33 35 -6 -2 11.9 12.0 -1 -0.1
5 18.7 32 30 7 2 11.7 12.1 -3 -0.4
6 20.2 29 26 12 3 11.9 11.8 1 0.1
According to the above data, the average income reported by males is considerably higher than
that of females for five of the socioeconomic groups. With the exception of SES group four
where the female income is higher, males earn on average between 7 and 34% more thanfemales.
The NZSEI is derived from Census data of employed people, but it can be extended to most of
the population using previous occupation (if retired or currently unemployed), or the occupation
of the household's main income earner.
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E. Minerals and Resources:
Natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone is natural resources. Oil,
gas, coal, gold, aggregates are important minerals.
F. Surface transportation:
Airports: 122 (2010)
Airports - with paved runways(40)
Airports - with unpaved runways(82)
Pipelines:
condensate 331 km; gas 1,838 km; liquid petroleum gas 172 km; oil 288 km; refined products
198 km (2010)
Railways:
Total: 4,128 km
Roadways:
Total: 93,911 km
Paved: 61,879 km (includes 172 km of expressways)
Unpaved: 32,032 km (2009)
Merchant marine:
Total: 15
By type: bulk carrier 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, passenger/cargo 5, and
petroleum tanker 2
Foreign-owned: 7 (Germany 2, Hong Kong 1, South Africa 1, Switzerland 2, UK 1)
Registered in other countries: 5 (Antigua and Barbuda 2, Cook Islands 2, Samoa 1) (2011)
Ports and terminals:
Auckland, Lyttelton, Manukau Harbor, Marsden Point, Tauranga, Wellington
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G. Communication Systems:
Telephones - main lines in use:
1.87 million (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 59
Telephones - mobile cellular:
5.02 million (2010)
Country comparison to the world: 101
Telephone system:
o General assessment: excellent domestic and international systems
o Domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership exceeds
150 per 100 persons
o International: country code - 64; the Southern Cross submarine cable system provides
links to Australia, Fiji, and the US; satellite earth stations - 8 (1 Inmarsat - Pacific
Ocean, 7 other)
Broadcast media:
state-owned Television New Zealand operates multiple TV networks while state-owned Radio
New Zealand operates 3 radio networks and an external shortwave radio service to the South
Pacific region; a small number of national commercial TV and radio stations and a large number
of regional commercial television and radio stations are available; cable and satellite TV systems
are available (2008)
Internet country code:
.nz
Internet hosts:
3.028 million (2011)
Country comparison to the world: 34
Internet users:
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3.4 million (2009)
Country comparison to the world: 62
H. Working Conditions:
Employer-employee relations:
In the current political context in Australia, with labour market reforms high on the political
agenda, New Zealand employment relations may start to look attractive. The 1984-1999 neo-
liberal reforms have often cast New Zealand employment relations as a 'horror image' in
Australian policy debates. The dismantling of the award system and the sharp decline in union
density under the Employment Contracts Act 1991 and the associated impacts on employment
conditions and patterns are well-known. However, the post-1999 changes towards an
'Europeanisation' of New Zealand employment relations have taken New Zealand in another
direction, distinctly different from the current Australian employment relations reforms.Although the Employment Contracts Act 1991 is widely seen as a total victory for employers
involving drastic labour market deregulation (Dannin 1997; Harbridge 1993), it has been
associated with paradoxical trends. The changes to employment relations in the early 1990s
prompted a substantial rise in employee rights and an unprecedented increase in regulation.
Similar paradoxical trends can be found in association with the Employment Relations Act 2000.
This Act is regarded as being union-friendly and fostering a return to collective bargaining. This
has yet to happen, as union density has been stagnant and there has been a decline in collective
bargaining coverage. As we argue elsewhere, public policy support can be somewhat of a
'poisoned chalice'. Public policy changes have had a major impact on employment relations
practices, but there have been other mitigating influences. Market pressures have played a major
role in shaping employment relations outcomes and employment patterns. The radical reforms of
the 1980s and 1990s have coincided with high unemployment and growth in part-time
employment and self-employment (see Appendix 1). This prompted employer-driven flexibility,
a culture of long working hours and, in many industries, substandard incomes and work patterns
(McLaughlin 1998, 2000). Thus, the current focus on work-life balance can be traced back to
employment changes surfacing in the mid-1990s.
Recently, a tight labour market and endemic skill shortages have bolstered the rise in individual
employee rights. This has impacted upon employer and employee attitudes, and employee-driven
flexibility has featured in research and media reports (Rasmussen and Ross 2004). It is unclear,
however, how far 'down' this has penetrated in the labour market. While there is no doubt that the
current New Zealand public policy direction is more supportive of unionism and collective
bargaining than the reforms that are envisaged in Australia, it appears that New Zealand
employment relations is at a turning point. Individual employee rights have become embedded
and the return to collectivism has had difficulty in gaining traction. Labour market pressures,
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workplace arrangements and decision-making of individual employees have had a crucial impact
and these influences appear set to shape New Zealand employment relations in the coming years.
Salaries and Benefits:
o A Basic Guide to Salaries and Holidays:
The following guide will give you an idea of the average annual salary in different kinds of jobs
in New Zealand. These provide an indication only – your actual income will depend on your
employer, your qualifications and experience, and the role you undertake.
o Occupation Average Annual Salary NZ$
Administrator or Manager $58,000 - 66,000 Marketing and Sales Executive $55,000 - 75,000
Financial Analyst $60,000 - 80,000 Lawyer $75,000 - 140,000 Engineer $60,000 - 110,000
Technician (IT) $35,000 - 50,000 Software Engineer $80,000 - 125,000 Primary School Teacher$42,500 - 65,500 Doctor (Physician) $128,000 - 195,000 Registered Nurse $40,000 - 55,000
Clerk $26,000 - 45,000 Service or Sales Worker $26,000 - 38,000 Agriculture or Fisheries
Worker $34,000 - 45,000 Trades $35,000 - 65,000.
o Holidays
Employees in New Zealand are entitled to a minimum of four weeks paid annual holidays after
the first year of employment.
All employees are also entitled to a paid day off on a public holiday if it would otherwise be a
working day for them.
o Public Holidays in New Zealand:
Christmas and New Year: Christmas Day (25 December), Boxing Day (26 December),
New Year's Day and the day after (1 and 2 January)
All other holidays: Waitangi Day (6 February), Good Friday and Easter Monday (dates
variable), ANZAC Day (25 April), Queen's Birthday (first Monday in June), Labour Day
(fourth Monday in October) and Provincial Anniversary Day (date determined locally).
o Parental leave
Parental leave entitlements are also available to employees. Provisions depend on how long you
have been with your employer, and can include a paid maternity leave of 14 continuous weeks
for the mother and partner‘s/paternity leave for up to two weeks. New mothers are entitled to
leave their job for up to 12 months, with a guarantee a role will be available upon their return to
work.
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I. Principle Industries:
Food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment,
banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Industrial production growth rate:
1.6% (2011 est.)
J. Foreign Investment
Opportunities
FDI:
With the advent of Liberalization and Globalization there has been a huge surge in businesses
wanting to invest in various countries around the world. Keeping this in mind, the government of
New Zealand is keeping no stone unturned to attract investors to invest in New Zealand. They
are offering a whole lot of opportunities to businesses from all around the world to invest in New
Zealand.
Investing in New Zealand has become more than relocating; it has now become a process of total
regeneration of businesses. With strong Economic Fundamentals, solid infrastructure and
competitive business costs, New Zealand is surely one of the best places to invest.
The Strong Economic Fundamentals
New Zealand‘s efficient, market-driven economy is suitable for investors as it provides a variety
of benefits such as economic stability, comprehensive free-trade agreements, and an active
government support for investment. All these factors have made New Zealand one of the most
desired locations for investments.
Economic Stability: With more than a decade of economic restructuring, New Zealand
now has a stable economy which is well accelerated for long term international
competitiveness. The privatization of several utilities and state services, such as postage
and rail services, has given rise to the most efficient and competitive friendly economies
in the world. Furthermore, a free and independent media in New Zealand ensures a high
level of transparency in the corporate and government decision making processes.
Comprehensive Free-trade Agreements (FTA’s): The recent economic co-operation
agreements with countries such as Singapore and Thailand and China have substantially
increased the size of consumer markets in New Zealand.
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Infrastructure for Business
New Zealand has all the necessary infrastructures needed to start and sustain a business. Locally,
New Zealand makes use of the fast digital and wireless networks for communication to
communicate globally and the country has a set range of airline services and high capacity
submarine fiber-optic cables.
Transport and Logistics Connections
New Zealand has a chain of extensive road and rail transport systems, effective inter island links,
privately run deep water ports which are served by 30 global and regional shipping lines, and all
these at internationally competitive prices. It also has International airports in seven major urban
centers across the country which provide services from all the major international airlines
K. International trade Statistics:
Major Exports:
$40.92 billion (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 61
$31.88 billion (2010 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery
Major Imports:
$35.07 billion (2011 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 62
$29.52 billion (2010 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics
Balance of Payment Situation:
New Zealand had a seasonally adjusted current account surplus of $35 million in the September
2010 quarter, a turnaround of $1,957 million from the June 2010 quarter deficit.
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Excluding estimated earthquake-related reinsurance inflows of $1,700 million, the underlying
current account deficit was $1,665 million in the September 2010 quarter.
For the year ended September 2010 the current account deficit was 3.1 percent of GDP,
compared with 3.2 percent for the year ended September 2009.
Exchange Rates:
New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar -
1.266 (2011 est.)
1.387410 est.)
L. Trade Tariffs:
New Zealand has one of the lowest tariff profiles in the developed world. Very few sectors of the
New Zealand economy are offered protection by tariffs.
New Zealand‘s tariff levels are low by world standards with a simple average Most Favoured
Nation (MFN) tariff rate across all goods of 3.5 per cent.
Its mean rates are lower than this – across all manufactured goods, mean tariff rates are less than
1%.3
Approximately 95 per cent of imports (by value) enter New Zealand free of duty.
Of those imports that attract tariffs, most face low rates of 5 –7 per cent. New Zealand‘s highest
tariffs are, with few exceptions, confined to carpet, clothing and footwear which attract rates of up to 19 per cent. Some textile products have rates of up to 12.5 per cent and automotive
components have rates as high as 11.5 per cent.
In September 2003, Cabinet agreed to recommence unilateral tariff reduction in New Zealand,
after having ‗frozen‘ tariffs since 1997. The first stage of the process was converting all specific
tariffs to ad valorem tariffs on 1 July 2005.
The reduction of tariffs is expected to deliver productivity and welfare gains, although it is
recognized that there will be some adjustment costs in certain sectors (essentially the textiles,
clothing and footwear sectors) and regions (for example in the lower North Island).
A further tariff review is scheduled for 2006 to determine possible unilateral tariff reductions
after July 2009. MED‘s Regulatory and Competition Branch will coordinate this Review.
M. Labor force:
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2.353 million (2011 est.)
Unemployment rate:
6.5% (2011 est.)
N. Inflation rate:
The inflation rate in New Zealand was last reported at 1.6 percent in the first quarter of 2012.
From 1915 until 2010, the average inflation rate in New Zealand was 4.67 percent reaching an
historical high of 44.00 percent in September of 1918 and a record low of -100.00 percent in
June of 1915. Inflation rate refers to a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of
purchasing power. The most well known measures of Inflation are the CPI which measures
consumer prices, and the GDP deflator, which measures inflation in the whole of the domestic
economy.
IV. Developments in Science and Technology:
Even before New Zealand scientist and Nobel Prize winner Ernest Rutherford was first in the
world to split the atom in 1919; New Zealand was fascinated with science, technology and
innovation. A fortunate fascination, as the success of all our industries depends heavily on these
three things.
Science in New Zealand
Specialist science conferences and an impressive art, heritage and science exhibition willshowcase New Zealand's scientific and technological advances during the Tournament.
Vital to success
Science and technology also played a huge role in New Zealand's success in wine-growing and
exporting, the invention of the world's first propeller less boat, their development of new
textiles, to name a few.
Backed by Government
In 2010 their government invested over $1.1 billion in research, science and innovation with anincreased focus on support for business R&D. In addition to the expertise found in their
universities and Crown Research Institutes there are also independent scientists in many sectors,
focusing on everything from biomedical research, to aviation and marine technology to
innovations in agriculture and horticulture.
Percentage of GNP:
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1.2% and 1.4 billion
V. Channels of Distribution:
A. Retailers:
Total outlets by region:
Statistics New Zealand has re-worked the classification system for businesses (ANZSIC) and the
numbers below have been produced under ANZSIC 2006 (previously, ANZSIC 1996).
Retail Sector Sales Performance & Growth:
Long Term trend:
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B. Import/Export agents:
New Zealand Leather Suppliers Ltd:
They specialize in the import and export of leathers for, Footwear, Garment/Bags, Fashion
Accessories, Belting, Craft, Saddlery, Furniture, and Automotive and allied Industries. With over
25 years in the Leather Industry they have the knowledge and experience to satisfy most
customer requirements by stocking the right products or sourcing product from around the world
from contacts established over the last 25 years. New Zealand Leather Suppliers is a family
owned and run business established in 2008 after the closure of Astley Leathers tannery. Due to
the closure the supply of finished leather to the New Zealand Market was rapidly diminishing.
They are the leather supplier for suede leather, custom leathear tan leather, brown leather. They
stock from, leather hides, cow hides, they are leather suppliers in tanned leather, upholstery
leather, cowhide leather, leather, leather for footwear or shoe leather, and they supply leather for
all types of hides such as deer leather, cow skin, cow suede pig leather and pig suede, footwear
leather, Garment leather or belting leather to saddlery leather to kid Suede. Some of the colour
suede material we provide is Purple Suede, Black Suede, White Suede, Brown Suede, Pink
Suede, Red Suede, Green Suede, Blue Suede. They are the Leather wholesaler for all types of
leather for sale for Craft, Garment, Saddlery, Pig Lining/Suedes, Cow Suedes, Vegetable tanned
leathers for Belting, Hair on Hides, Upholstery for all uses.
C. Warehousing:
Contract Warehousing LTD:
Contract Warehousing delivers outsourced & third party warehousing & logistics solutions,
distribution fulfillment, goods storage & handling & business support to New Zealand &
Australian markets from offices in Auckland & Brisbane. As a warehousing and distribution
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specialist that offers a lot more than the ability to store and pack goods, we can administer your
business operations in a cohesive package that is measured, managed and above all, understood.
They provide the nuts and bolts; you look after the planning and relationships. It's a simple
approach that provides the advantages of a sophisticated business support system with minimal
upfront investment.
We will benefit from Contract Warehousing if we:
are a new business or entering a new market
desire an isolated cost centre and significant savings
require experienced and reliable business back-up and support
Seek to minimize personal risk or liability.
VI. Media:
The media of New Zealand include television stations, radio stations, newspapers, magazines,
films and websites. Mostly foreign-owned media conglomerates MediaWorks New Zealand,
Australian Provincial Newspapers, The Radio Network, Sky Network Television and Fairfax
New Zealand dominate this media landscape. NZ on Air funds public service programming on
the publicly owned Television New Zealand and Radio New Zealand, and on community-owned
and privately owned broadcasters. Most media organisations operate Auckland-based newsrooms
with Parliamentary Press Gallery reporters and international media partners, but most broadcast
programmes, music and syndicated columns are imported from the United States and United
Kingdom. The media of New Zealand predominantly use New Zealand English, but World TV,
Triangle TV, Stratos TV, Community Access and local Pacifica and Asia media organisations
provide news and entertainment for linguistic minorities. The Waitangi Tribunal decided in the
late 1980s that the Government had an o bligation to nurture the Māori language and
consequently Te Māngai Pāho now funds iwi radio stations, the Maori Television Service and
other Maori programming on TVNZ, Radio New Zealand and TV3. MediaWorks operates two
Auckland ex-iwi radio stations commercially with limited Maori content: commercial nationwide
dance network George FM and hip-hop and R&B station Mai FM.
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I. Product
a. Product evaluation
1. Relative Advantage
Our unique and innovative designs will be our relative advantage in the mind of customers.
Because currently in New Zealand no one is providing such design at attractive prices.
2. Compatibility
Customers of New Zealand like new and stylish products and our unique designs are
according to their choices.
3. Complexity
Usage of leather garment, bags, wallet .belts is very easy so there is not complexity in
product usage.
4. Trailbility
No economic or social risk is assiciate4d with our products due to high quality, long life and
reasonable prices
5. Observbility
Product benefits are easy to communicate because leather products are very simple( not
technical
B. Major Problems and resistances to product acceptance1. Non-green products
Leather products are non green products their production result in large waste and pollution so
the environmental friendly customer can resist the products
2. Country of origin effect
Pakistan is developing country and also due to current negative image of pakistan customer can
consider the quality of products poor
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3. Fear of new brand
People usually hesitate to buy new brand because they don‘t have thioer priop experiences and
they are uncertain about the quality of products
II. The Market1. geographical regions
New Zealand is divided into 25 geographical regions, each with distinct physical attributes,
diverse culture and history, and unique points of interest. But initialily we will target thses major
cities Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, Napier-Hastings, Tauranga, Dunedin, Palmerston
North Nelson, Rotorua ,New Plymouth ,Whangarei, Invercargill, Whanganui these cities are vey
populous and provide large consumer market
2. Transportation and communication
There is a variety of awesome landscapes in New Zealand, all within easy reach of each other.
Visitors and exporters New Zealand have an extensive choice of transportation available to them.
Because New Zealand is an easy place to navigate, be it around a town, city or the length of the
country, most people find it relatively easy to find transport to fit their requirements and budget
Suburban
New Zealanders enjoy an extensive suburban bus network as an economical way to travel
around a town or city. Using suburban bus transport instead of driving your car eliminates car
parking, petrol and general car running costs. Bus fares normally start at NZ $2.00 and increase
with each ‗stage‘ you travel, obviously the further you travel the more it will cost, however youcan purchase concession cards and cheaper bus fares is available for students and senior
citizens. Many of the larger cities in New Zealand offer a free bus service that travels a set route
periodically within the inner city area.
Taxis are often more convenient than buses and for this reason hiring a taxi is more expensive
but with benefits such as operating 24 hours a day along with pick up and drop off to any
destination, whereas buses are limited to the routes they can take and timetables. Taxi companies
are listed in local phone books and you can also hail down an empty taxi or find one at a "taxi
stand". Taxi charges vary depending on location however most flagfalls start at NZ $2.00 and
then $2.00 per kilometre.
Auckland and Wellington offer suburban rail services with trains running throughout the day.
The cost of travelling via train varies but charging is similar to suburban buses as you are
charged per stage of journey. Catching a suburban train can cost from NZ $2.00 upwards, the
longer the journey the more you should expect to pay.
National transport
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o Sea, Train & Coach Travel
The price for crossing the Cook Strait via ferry depends on the time of year you choose to
travel and if you are transporting a vehicle. An adult travelling without a vehicle, one way
from Wellington to Picton can expect to pay from NZ $52.00 off peak.
The Trans Scenic railroad network covers most of New Zealand and in comparison to flyingallows people a more scenic and economical travelling experience while coach travel is available
to most destinations in both the North and South Islands. You can purchase individual tickets for
national transport however if you plan to investigate New Zealand extensively then a basic
TravelPass could save you up to 40% on transport costs. TravelPass allows unlimited coach
travel on specified company coaches for a specific number of travel days within a twelve month
period.
o Air Travel
Major cities and towns in New Zealand are accessible by air on a daily basis while manysmaller areas have some type of domestic airport. Fares can vary depending on the time of year
you are intending to fly, your destination and the company you choose to travel with. 1 adult
travelling one way from Auckland to Christchurch should expect to pay between NZ $150 -
$260, however many companies such as Air New Zealand do offer some excellent special
prices on domestic travel.
COMMUNICATION
Communication system in New Zealand is very typical of an industrialized nation. Telephone,
Radio, Television and Internet are the key modes of communication.
Telephones
Near about 1.92 million people are served by the main telephone lines of New Zealand.
According to a survey of 2005 about 3.6 million people are mobile users in the nation and are
catered by two network operators. The telephone system of New Zealand is superb in one word.
While looking at the domestic lines it is found that almost 99percent of the have individual lines.
The cities are linked with each other with electronic exchanges, optical fiber and microwave
links. The submarine optical fiber cables connect the North Island and the South Island. The
submarine cables also connect Australia to the Fiji Islands.
Television
There are forty one television broadcast stations at New Zealand which transmit four nationwide
free on-air networks and three paid networks along with a few regional or local transmitter
stations. Near about 1.926 million people are served by it.
Apart form these there is the provision of digital satellite pay TV which transmits most of the
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terrestrial networks. The consumers can enjoy the facility of cable TV in combination with
telephone services.
Internet
There are thirty six internet service providers and the number of users is 74.9% of thepopulation.A syrvey was conducted to see the internet usage,The findings revealed that New
Zealanders are changing as a nation as a result of the Internet. In particular, New Zealanders are
becoming more sociable with friends and family online, with most believing the Internet is
considerably enhancing their social contacts rather than diminishing them.
3. Consumer buying habits
a) Product use pattern
Household consumption forms an important part of the production-consumption chain as it is
consumers who make the final choice as to which goods and services to buy. Even though theenvironmental pressures caused by each household are relatively small compared to those caused
by production activities, the 1.5 million households in New Zealand combined are a major
contributor to environmental problems such as climate change, air and water pollution, land use
and waste generation.
Despite the advances that have been made, for example in introducing more ecologically
efficient production methods and reducing harmful emissions from vehicles, these have been
offset by the rapidly rising consumption of goods and services.
Understanding consumption patterns
Mapping our patterns of consumption is not straightforward.In the last ten years we have seen
major developments that have changed how and what we consume. One is economic growth,
globalisation and the opening of markets. As we become wealthier, we consume more. The
average New Zealander now has a higher income and a higher standard of living than in the past,
and has access to products from all over the world.
Another development is that households are getting smaller on average, and partly because of
that we use more energy and water and generate more waste per person.
We have also changed culturally and socially. ‗Individualisation‘, the belief in the individual and
the desire for ownership and personal freedom, means that by consuming, we can express
ourselves through the goods and services we choose and can enjoy the feeling of personal
freedom through, for example, our cars and plane travel.
b) Product feature preferences
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A good collection of foot wear and bags is preferred by majority of the people. There are many
materials used. However the most popular and attractive material for the footwear is leather.
Shoes and bags made out of this material have their own charm.Given a choice majority of the
people who are shopping for footwear would love to include this product in their collection. This
makes it even easier to understand the value and popularity of the product. Systematic approach
and the right attitude will help us in taking our business to a higher level of success.
There is no doubt that people are fond of these products. The right kind of product collection can
fetch large number of customers. A market research will indicate the various types of leather of
varied origins used for this purpose. Out of these customer needs to have the most popular
shopping choice . The raw material should be high quality to provide comfort to thecustomer.
Based on the qualities and the preference of the customers we will plan the collection for the
retail store. The business set up will depend upon the strong base of good collection.
Customers want that all the various types of sizes, designs, patterns, styles and colors of these
products should be in the retail store‘s collection. leather shoes are famous amongst men, womenas well as children. Considering this fact, a separate section for each category of the customer
becomes necessary. If people are able to do shopping for footwear for the entire family under on
roof then it‘s natural for them to get attracted. More inflow of customers is proportional to the
increased sales of the product and ultimately increased levels of profit.
To keep refreshing the shopping, discounts and schemes are preffered by customers. In every
festive season where the demand of the product is very high such schemes do a great job of
attracting more people. Free gifts and lucky draw of coupons could be added features to enhance
the sales of the leather products. As a matter of fact such kind of schemes and offers throughout
the year are more advisable, especially during the low seasons. Sometimes people land upshopping for other products as well while looking for a specific item.
c) Shopping habits
Knowing consumers' shopping habits: what products and brands they buy, where, when and how
often they shop and how much they spend, enables retailers make quantified decision to offer
proper product mix, design target advertising and coupon campaigns, and provide customer-
centric amenities to meet proactively consumers' needs and desire. Customers award their
―lifestyle‖ stores with (more) purchase, satisfaction, loyalty and word of mouth promotion.
The study, conducted by research company Hypermedia in newzealand, shows that most
shoppers spend at least three minutes deciding over products such as shampoo, pinot noir
and cat biscuits.
However other purchase decisions are made much more quickly.
Shoppers take an average of 22 seconds on items in the first third of the supermarket
compared with a scant five second deliberation over purchases in later aisles.
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Wayne Simeon of Hypermedia says that while many shoppers make a list, decisions over
which brand to buy are largely made in store.
Speaking to TV ONE's Breakfast show Simeon said that for most people grocery
shopping is seen just another task to get done.
New Zealand online consumers are slowing spending and preferring to shop on home-
grown sites.
4. Distribution of product
Typical retail outlets
Shopping in New Zealand is a must and they like it most- from factory outlet centres to designer
boutiques, galleries and specialty shops. Allow themselves plenty of time to wander through the
shops at thier leisure.
In New Zealand's main centres, amongst the regular CBD retail outlets there are department
stores carrying quality brands and exclusive products as well as souvenir shops. For the avidshopper, suburban malls offer fashion, food and fun. Dedicated factory outlet centres sell well-
known brands in clothing, childrenswear, sportswear, shoes, accessories and music. They can
always be counted on for a bargain, offering up to 70% off normal retail prices.some of the
stores are following
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North Island South Island
Auckland
Albany Mega Centre - Albany, North
Shore City Atrium on Elliot - CBD, Auckland City Botany Town Centre - Botany Downs,
Manukau City DFS Galeria Customshouse - CBD,
Auckland City Dressmart - Onehunga, Auckland City Eastridge Shopping Centre - Orakei,
Auckland City Hunters Plaza - Papatoetoe, Manukau City Kelston Shopping Centre - Kelston,
Waitakere City
Lynnmall - New Lynn, Auckland City Manukau Supa Centre - Manukau Central,
Manukau City Meadowbank Shopping Centre -
Meadowbank, Auckland City Meadowlands Shopping Plaza - Botany
Downs, Manukau City Highbury Shopping Centre - Birkenhead,
North Shore City Milford Shopping Centre - Milford, North
Shore City Westgate Shopping Centre - Massey,
Waitakere City Pacific Plaza - Whangaparaoa, Rodney
District Queen's Arcade - CBD, Auckland City Royal Oak Mall - Royal Oak, Auckland
City Southmall Manurewa - Manurewa,
Manukau City Sylvia Park - Sylvia Park, Auckland Three Kings Shopping Mall - Three Kings,
Auckland City Waitakere Mega Centre - Henderson,
Waitakere Westgate - Waitakere City, Auckland Westfield brand malls:
Tauranga
Bay Central City Central Mall Bayfair, Mount Maunganui
Christchurch
Airport City (New terminal shopping
precinct pending... due to open 2011) The Arts Centre Avonhead Mall Barrington Mall (Expansion plans pending) Bishopdale Mall Bush Inn Centre City Mall (Downtown - Redevelopment in
progress including provision for light-railnetwork)
Colombo Street Shopping Precinct The Crossing (Linked to the Downtown
Bus Exchange)
Dress-Smart Mall (Hornby - Expansioncompleted 2009)
Eastgate Fendalton Mall Ferrymead Central Guthrey Centre High Street Shopping Prescinct Homebase Shirley The Hub Hornby Ilam Shopping Centre The Lanes (Under Development... includes
SOL Square)
Merivale Mall New Brighton Mall Northlands Mall Northwood Supa Center The Palms Shopping Centre Parklands Shopping Centre Pegasus Town Shopping Centre (Staged
development... Due for completion around2015)
Rolleston Square Shopping Centre South City Centre (Redevelopment and
expansion pending by Multiplex) Styx Centre (Stage 2 Northwood)
47,000sqm due to open 2017. To bemodelled on Auckland's Botany Centre
Sydenham Central Mall Tower Junction Triangle Centre Victoria Street Shopping Precinct Westfield Riccarton ($75m expansion
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Bethlehem Town Centre Fashion Island, Papamoa Fraser Cove Gate Pa Shopping Centre Goddards Centre Palm Beach Plaza, Papamoa Home Zone Centre, Mount Maunganui
Wellington
Capital Gateway Centre. Thorndon Quay Capital on the Quay Churchill Drive Shopping Center Cuba Mall Harbour City Shopping Centre Johnsonville Shopping Centre Manners Mall North City Shopping Centre Trentham City Shopping Centre [5] Wainuiomata Mall Westfield Queensgate
opens May 28, 2009)
Dunedin
Centre City Mall Gardens Mall Golden Centre Meridian Mall Roslyn Village Shopping Centre South City Mall Wall Street
Nelson
Richmond Mall
Timaru
Northtown Mall Highfield Mall
5. Pricing Stategy
The firm is not concerned with setting high prices to signal luxury or prestige, nor is ti
attempting to achieve the goals of offsetting low prices by selling high quantities of products.
Instead value pricing is practiced so that customers feel comfortable purchasing new Products to
replace the old. The customized clothing will sell for $2 to $4 more than the regular Neo Star
regular products and it is offering a good value against it competition.
Neo Star is committed to bringing high quality products and the prices will reflect a range of
mid-to-high pricing. Average price points of a leather jacket will be around $200. To maintain
profit margins of 20%, Neo Star will negotiate and focus on obtaining an average 61% retail
markup for all merchandise classifications.
Compersion with competitor
AK Leather Fashions
Located conveniently in Mount Roskill Leather Land having premier leather products , housinga full range - everything from leather jackets to belts, bandanas and bags.have their ownworkshop and showroom and can tailor clothing to meet specific needs.
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store includes:
- 1000 Mens, Ladies Garments- Tailoring, Alteration and Repair- Motorbike Gear, Dress Jackets
- Bandana, Belts, Caps, Gloves- Wallets, Bags & Leather- Trade In with Your Old Stuff
C. Government participation
Central government performs a number of important roles in the transport system, alongside
local government, the private sector and individual transport consumers.
In fulfilling its roles, the government has a range of issues that it:
can control — including transport law through Parliament, performance of its transport
Crown entities and their transport infrastructure, and funding of land transport services
can influence — including through its participation in international forums that set
standards which impact on New Zealand‘s transport system, by negotiating international
agreements that enhance our international connectivity, and by providing information that
enables the market to make better transport decisions
The New Zealand government is involved in a range of different ways. The main ones are as a
regulator, as a gatherer of taxes, as an owner of enterprises, and as a provider of services and
income.
As regulator
Most economic activity in New Zealand is people and firms doing business with each other. The
government‘s role is to regulate those interactions. Some of this regulation is through general
laws, like the law of contract, which brings people together to do business. Other regulation
involves civil laws which are about outlining people‘s rights and responsibilities in relation to
each other, for example the laws regarding trespass. These laws are enforced through the judicial
arm of government, the New Zealand court system.
As tax-gatherer
The Government collects about $32 billion in taxes every year. The revenue is used to fund
government programmes like health and education, to pay debts, and to build public
infrastructure such as roads.
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As owner
The New Zealand government owns assets valued in excess of $95 billion. Some of these are
physical assets like schools and hospitals, military equipment and police stations. Other assets
are businesses like New Zealand Post and a majority of the shares in Air New Zealand.
As provider
The converse to the government‘s role as tax-gatherer is as the provider of goods and services to
the public.Major examples of the direct provision of services are education, health services and
the police force. Services can be provided directly by government-owned bodies, like state
schools and District Health Boards. Another option is for services to be provided indirectly
through companies and organisations engaged by the Crown to provide services to the
community, like Māori health services provided by iwi-based organisations.
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I. The marketing planA. Marketing objectives1. Target Market
The target market for Neo star is active consumers all ages of ,people who appreciates fashion
and style. These active consumers represent a demographic group of well-educated and
successful individuals; they are single or married and raising families. Household incomes
generally range between $60.000 and $120,000 annually. Despite their comfortable incomes,
these consumers are price conscious and consistently seek value in their purchases. Regardless
of their age (whether they fall at the upper or lower end of the target range), they lead active
lifestyles. They are somewhat status oriented but not overly so. They like to be associated with
high-quality products but are not willing to pay a premium price for a certain brand.
Target customers can be profiled as
o Upper middle/ Lower Upper/Upper Upper class
o Age group starting from 18 - 40
o Student
o Working professionals
o kids
2. Expected Sales and Profit Expectations year 20
Annual gross sales are projected to grow from $513,000 in the first 5 years to over $600,000 by
Year 10, with approximately 10% from customer special orders.
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B. Product adaptation or modification
The firm has researched the most popular colors for its items and given them names that
consumers enjoy — sunset red, sunrise pink, cactus green, desert rise, and river rock gray, among
others. Over the next five years, Neo Star plans to expand the product line to include customized
items.
The second way in which Neo star plans to expand its product line is to offer items of
lightweight luggage bags, two sizes of tote bags, and a daypack. These items would also come in
trendy an basic colors, with a choice of customer own name and signs of their choice bags.
C. Promotion mix1. Advertising
I. Objectives:
Brand Awareness
To promote the awareness about Neo Star and to make it be the first brand that comes to mind
for ethnic, elegant and colorful clothes.
Brand Attitude
To make the brand more preferable by 50% for the target customer in view of customers
Brand Purchase Intention
To get each target customer to visit a store at least once every season, and to get new customers
equal to 100 % of existing customer base every year.
II. Media mix
Advertising provides a platform to reach geographically dispersed buyers. It can build up a long
term image of a brand. It will include the advertisements on TV, newspapers and magazines. The
strategies would include:
A. Newspaper and Magazine Advertisements:
The advertisements will be limited to media of English Newspapers and other local magazines as
well as national magazines. The advertisements will have a theme running through the season,
which will link to the collection at the store and display pieces from the collection.a. Size and have the logo each ad would be of the same at the same place.
b. The ads will appear on weekends, not on the main newspaper but on the
additional.
c. The ad should contain the website name
B. TV advertisements
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The advertisements of the brand would be shown only on cultural/fashion channels generally
around 3pm and 8pm.
C. E-mails
Short and Concise newsletters that can entice customers can be sent to customers, to prospects
whose email ids are obtained by partnering with clubs and other social communities. The emails
should have interesting content like. With more visuals that are appealing to eyes and almost like
forward mails, which people will go through and pass on.
As the brand boasts about environmental security this can be weaved into the newsletters
and direct mail cards can be sent to such people to join the Neo Star Community.
Other type of newsletters could be about various happenings related to cultural festivals,
events, etc.
D. Website
―Neo star ―website will be a very important communication, interaction and customer
engagement tool. The colorful website will be an integration tool for the various communication
efforts.
Will have information about the ―Neo star‖ beliefs and dreams.
Collection of all the print advertisements
Information about upcoming events.
Environment protection efforts taken by us
Customers Articles and designs submitted at website
Customer Feedback and complaint forum.
E. Social Media Campaigns
After a planned roll out of all the other promotional tools the brand would like to make a
community of its own. The customers would be sent a invitation to join on different social media
sites. This will help in creating a intense brand awareness among the unreachable target segment
otherwise and also will help the brand to get a international platform. The applications would be
provided on these sites which will make active engagement and would in turn provide loyalty to
the brand from its customers.
III. Message
―The primary theme will be that Neo Star is for the sophisticated, successful person of today,
who plays all responsibilities of life – family and carrier excellently. Enjoy your Lifestyle with
simplicity‖
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2. Sales promotion
Initially to increase sale a discount of 10% for first 30 days would be run.
Customer Relationship Management: With first purchase of above 3000 a loyalty card
would be given along with some points. These points could be redeemed at any store to
get the free ticket to the events we are going to sponsor.
Also a unique no. would be given to customer by which you could access different
applications on website and utilize additional and exclusive features on the site.
The customers would be provided an in house magazine describing the facts and
information about family, fashion etc. along with customer‘s experiences and articles.
3. Public relations
) NGOs
For the CSR activities to engage the community and to make a resonance with the customerssome events assosciated with the NGOs could be done.
There will be donation campaigns at the store and on the website.
The customers will be informed about the NGO, and the relationship Neo Star shares
with it.
Customers will be told about how they can help other than by money.
2) Trade shows
The exhibitions along with the new collections like Trade fairs and Fashion shows can be doneinitially to make the business community aware of such brand.
4) Contests for Customers
Contests will be held where customer can show their creative talents .Contests for best ideas,
design and themes for future collections
4. Word of mouth
Being the focal points for the line of business, its very important to be in contact with the
socialites so that the product can get free publicity via word of mouth and these socialites
can also serve as the Brand evangelists.
Also For word of mouth publicity the main source would be to satisfy and amaze the
existing customers, which will be greatly dependent on the brand image built by the
quality , uniqueness and customer engagement with the brand.
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B. Distribution
Currently, Neo Sky want to distribute products in regional and local specialty shops scattered
along the Wallington coast, into the Northwest, across the South, and in northern New Zealand.
Over the next three years, Neo Sky seeks to expand distribution to retail specialty shops
throughout the nation.
In addition, Neo Sky plans to expand online sales by offering the customized product line via
Internet only, thus distinguishing between Internet offerings and specialty ship offerings.
Eventually we may be able to place internet kiosks at some of the more profitable store outlets so
consumers could order customized products form the stores. Regardless of its expansion plans,
Neo Sky fully intends to monitor and maintain strong relationships with distribution channel
members.
1. Port selection
a.
Origin Port (Karachi, Pakistan)b. Destination Port (Wallington, New Zealand)
2. Mode Selection
a. Rail road‘s( to move products from port to warehouses and from warehouses to retail
outlets)
b. Air carriers (only for customized order fulfillment)
c. Ocean carriers(( to move products from Karachi to Wallington)
3. Packing
a. Marking and labeling Regulations
Transportation labels
All transport labeling and marks should be clear and durable. Transport labeling and marking
regulations vary from country to country. Freight forwarders, shipping companies or airlines can
give advice on the current requirements. These may include:
marking gross and/or net weight or volumetric measure
serial and invoice numbers
container dimensions name and address of importer
transit instructions
country of origin
handling instructions shown in internationally accepted symbols or words
Translation into the language of handling or importing countries.
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Importing sea containers
Shipping via sea container is often an economical way to import goods from overseas. However
there are a number of regulations to comply with in order to do this.
If you are a private business wishing to import goods in sea containers you will need to have
access to a transitional facility approved by MAFBNZ to receive containers. This may either be
on your business premises or at another business, such as a freight forwarding agency.
Apply to become a MAFBNZ approved transitional facility
Import Health Standard for sea containers from any country
Sea container quarantine declaration
Every container entering New Zealand must have an accompanying quarantine declaration. This
attests to the cleanliness of the sea container and whether or not it is carrying wood packaging,
which can harbor wood-boring insects or fungi. The container must be inspected internally and
externally to ensure it is clean (free of dirt, grass, insects, seed, etc). The declaration should then
be completed and signed by a manager of the packing or exporting facility.
If containers arrive in New Zealand with contamination this can result in delays, and the
container may have to be cleaned and re-inspected before it can be delivered to the final
destination.
Information on the annual sea container quarantine declaration process. This process can
be applied to importers repeatedly importing the same type of cargo from the same
location that has a good compliance history
Information on the electronic application process for sea container quarantine
declarations (Information on electronic messages to port companies )
Information on quarantine declarations
Checking a sea container
Sea containers arrive every day in New Zealand from all over the world, bringing with them the
possibility of new unwanted pests and diseases. These can hitch-hike to New Zealand in
imported cargo or shipping containers. To prevent this from happening and to protect our natural
environment, industry and population, MAFBNZ has developed a number of requirements for
importing containers and cargo to New Zealand.
Submit sea container checks online
Sea container check log sheet (27 KB)
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All sea containers must be checked by a trained accredited person. This is a person who has
taken and passed the approved accredited person training course on biosecurity awareness and
sea containers.
The results of all container checks must be recorded and these records held by the transitional
facility. If contamination is found in or on the container or goods then MAFBNZ must be
notified. This is done via a sea container inspection report (container check). When a sea
container is found to be clean MAFBNZ does not need to receive the container check, but a
record of all checks must still be kept on file (see an example recording register).
MAFBNZ Biosecurity Inspectors will check your container check register during your routine
facility audit.MAFBNZ requires container check records to be sent either online or by filling out
and faxing the following log sheet form when any of the following are found:
Live organisms
Fungus or contamination on wood packaging
Other biosecurity contamination (such as seeds, dirt, leaves, dead insects, etc) that is
swept up and placed in the biosecurity bin
Other restricted packaging materials (such as straw or used tyres)
Cost and fees
There are costs associated with importing containers, and fees for any MAFBNZ actions relating
to non-conforming containers (e.g. a container without a Quarantine Declaration). Additional
fees will be charged for the clearance of containers carrying risks goods.MAFBNZ will chargefor the approval and on-going monitoring of all transitional facilities. These charges will be
based on the current Biosecurity (Costs) Regulations made under the Biosecurity Act 1993.
b. Containerization
product name
form
name and address of importer
country of origin, and name and address of manufacturer
date of manufacture, or date by which product must be consumed storage requirements
components in order of relative importance, often by weight
instructions for use, particularly any precautions required
net weight shown in measurements used by the importing country
Translations of information in the required language of the importing country
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4. Documentation required
Purchase invoice
Manufacturer's costings
Freight and insurance costs
Product sample
Catalogues or brochures
Evidence of origin
Proof of payment.
For some items you will also need:
An airway bill or bill of lading.
Invoices.
Packing lists
Insurance certificates.
5. Insurance claims
6. Fright forwarder
C. Channel of Distribution
1. Retailers
a. Type and number of retail Store
b. Retail markups for PProducts in each type of rtail Store
c. Methods of Operation for each type
d. Scale of Operation for each type
2. Wholesale Middlemen
a. Type and number of Wholesale Middlemen
b. markups for class Products by each type
c. Methods of Operation for each typed. Scale of Operation
3. Import/export Agents
4. Warehousing
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a. Type
b. location
D. Terms of sale
1. Formation of contract
1.1 These terms of sale apply to all goods supplied by Pioneros. In these terms, "we" ,
"our" and "us" refer to Pioneros; "you" and "your" refer to the consumer.
1.2 No contract exists between you and us for the sale of any goods until we have received
and accepted your order and sent you confirmation in writing or by email to the address youhave given. Once we do so, there is a binding legal contract between us.
1.3 The contract is subject to your right of cancellation (see below).
1.4 We may change these terms of sale without prior notice to you in relation to future sales.
2. Description and price of goods
2.1 The description and price of the goods you order will be as shown in our brochure or on
our website at the time you place your order. You will be charged in GB Pounds sterling.
Other currencies displayed are shown as a guide only. You will be charged at the exchange
rate applicable at the time of the transaction.
2.2 The goods are subject to availability. If on receipt of your order the goods you haveordered are not available in stock, we will inform you as soon as possible, and refund or
recredit you for any sum that has been paid by you or debited from your credit card for the
goods.
2.3 Every effort is made to ensure that prices shown in our brochure or shown on our website
are accurate at the time you place your order. If an error is found, we will inform you as soon
as possible and offer you the option of reconfirming your order at the correct price or
cancelling your order. If you cancel, we will refund or recredit you for any sum that has been
paid by you or debited to your credit card for the goods.
2.4 In addition to the price, you will be required to pay a delivery charge for the goods. The
standard delivery charge for UK Mainland addresses is £4.00.
2.5 The price of the goods and delivery charges are inclusive of VAT.
3. Payment
Payment for the goods and delivery charges can be made by any method shown in our
current brochure or shown on our website at the time you place your order.
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4. Delivery
4.1 Our aim is to deliver your order within 7 days of receipt. Where items are out of stock we
shall keep you informed of expected availability. Please provide us with a daytime telephone
number.
4.2 Our standard delivery charge of £4.00 covers postage and packing for delivery to UK
mainland addresses. Express UK delivery and International delivery is available on request.
Please contact us on 01491 671177 for details.
4.3 The description and price of goods are as shown in our brochure or website at the time
you place your order, and every effort is made to ensure their accuracy. However, some
variation in actual goods may occur due to natural variations in materials and the handmade
nature of many goods. Wherever possible, we shall inform you of any changes to goods or
prices when you place your order. Sizes are approximate and all prices include UK VAT.
4.4 The goods you order will be delivered to the address you give when you place your order.
4.5 For UK addresses - If delivery cannot be made to your address, we will inform you assoon as possible, and refund or recredit you for any sum that has been paid by you or debited
from your debit or credit card for delivery.
4.5.1 If there is no one at the address given who is competent to accept delivery of the goods,
you will be notified of an alternative delivery date or a place to collect the goods.
4.5.2 Every effort will be made to deliver the goods 7 days after your order has been
accepted, and in any event within 30 days of your order, for UK mainland addresses.
However, we will not be liable for any loss or damage suffered by you through any
reasonable or unavoidable delay in delivery. In this case, we will inform you as soon as
possible.
4.6 If your delivery address is outside the UK, you may be subject to import duties and taxes,
which are levied once a shipment reaches your country. You must meet any additional
charges for customs clearance.
4.6.1 Please note, customs policies vary widely from country to country. We recommend you
contact your local customs office for further information.
4.6.2 Please note international shipments may be subject to cross-border inspections by
customs authorities.
4.7 You will become the owner of the goods you ordered and responsible for risk of loss or
damage to them once they have been delivered to you.
5. Guarantee
We hope that you will be delighted with your order. However, you may cancel your order at
any time up to 14 days after you receive the goods, by giving us written notice by post, fax or
e-mail (as shown above), giving details of the goods ordered and their delivery. We will then
refund the cost of the cancelled or returned goods.
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6. Returns
If you are returning goods to us, please wrap the goods carefully and securely, providing us
with full details, and return them to us at the address shown below. Returned goods must be
unused and in their original condition, and remain the customer‘s responsibility until safely
received by us. The postage & packing charge and return postage costs are not refundable.
Postage will be refunded where goods are faulty.
7. Your right of cancellation
7.1 You have the right to cancel the contract at any time up to the end of fourteen days after
you receive the goods (see below).
7.2 To exercise your right of cancellation, you must give written notice to us by hand or post,
fax or email, at the address, fax number or email address shown below, giving details of the
goods ordered and (where appropriate) their delivery.
7.3 If you exercise your right of cancellation after the goods have been delivered to you, you
will be responsible for returning the goods to us at your own cost. The goods must bereturned to the address shown below. You must take reasonable care to ensure the goods are
not damaged in the meantime or in transit.
7.4 Once you have notified us that you are cancelling the contract, we will refund or recredit
you within 30 days for any sum that has been paid by you or debited from your credit or
debit card for the goods.
7.5 If you do not return the goods as required, we may charge you a sum not exceeding the
direct costs of recovering the goods.
8. Data protection
8.1 We will take all reasonable precautions to keep the details of your order and payment
secure, but unless we are negligent, we will not be liable for unauthorised access to
information supplied by you.
8.2 We will use the information you provide about yourself for the purpose of fulfilling your
order. We would like to notify you of products and offers that may be of interest to you from
time to time. We may occasionally wish to make our list of names and addresses available to
selected companies whose products may be of interest to you. If you would prefer not to
receive such mailings, please write to us at the address shown below. You can correct any
information about you, or ask for information about you to be deleted, by giving written
notice to us at the address, fax, or email address shown below.
9. Applicable law
These terms of sale and the supply of the goods will be subject to English law, and the
English courts will have jurisdiction in respect of any dispute arising from the contract.
E. Methods of Payment
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There are a number of methods used to settle payment in New Zealand: cash in advance,letter of credit used in conjunction with a documentary draft (time or sight),promissory note,documentary collection or draft, open account and consignment sales. As with NZ domestictransactions, a major factor in determining the method of payment is the degree of trust in thebuyer's ability and willingness to pay. An irrevocable letter of credit (L/C) payable at sight is
commonly used for settlement of international transactions.A payment method widely used in New Zealand is the promissory note Promissory notes areIOUs with a promiseto pay at a later date, typically 90 to 120 days. Banks will often provideshort-term financing through discounting and rollover of notes.