finaccess report 09
TRANSCRIPT
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JUNE 2009
FinAccessNational Survey 2009
Dynamics of Kenyas changing financial landscape
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
Technical parTners
Financial access parTnership MeMbers
principal parTners
Every effort has been made to provide accurate and complete information. However, the members of the Financial Access
Partnership, FSD Kenya, its Trustees and partner development agencies make no claims, promises or guarantees about
the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of this report and expressly disclaim liability for errors and
omissions in the contents of this report.
Commercial Bank of Africa
Co-operative Bank of Kenya
Decentralised Financial Systems
Development Alternative International (DAI)
Equity Bank
Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA)
Kenya Bankers Association
Kenya Commercial Bank
Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (KIPPRA)
K-REP Development Agency
Microsave
Ministry of Labour
PostBank
The FinAccess Secretariat is housed and administered at the Central Bank of Kenya
Funders
Project Implementation Unit, Financial and Legal Sector Technical Assistance Project, Office of The Deputy Prime Minister and Ministry of Finance
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aoym, avto dfto .............................................................................................................5
1. itoto ..............................................................................................................................................................................6
2. lfty vg oto ......................................................................................................................8
3. lvoo............................................................................................................................................................................10
4. a t...............................................................................................................................................................11
5. svg .....................................................................................................................................................................................14
6. ct...........................................................................................................................................................................................15
7. rmtt........................................................................................................................................................................16
8. i k .....................................................................................................................................................17
9. Toogy ...........................................................................................................................................................................19
10. F ty ..........................................................................................................................................................21
11. Yot.............................................................................................................................................................................................23
a ......................................................................................................................................................................................................25
Table of Contents
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
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Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions
asca Accumulating Savings and Credit Association
aTM Automated Teller Machine
bz Locally convened community meeting
cbK Central Bank of Kenya
cm ROSCA in Swahili
dk Shop in Swahili
Fap Financial Access Partnership
Fsd Financial Sector Deepening
helb Higher Education Loans Board
id Identity Card
Kish Sampling method for randomly selecting individuals in household
Knbs Kenyan National Bureau of Statistics
Ks Kenya Shilling
lsM Living Standards Measure
MFi Micro-finance Institution
M-pesa Mobile-based money transfer service (pesa means money in Swahili)
nassep National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme
nhiF National Hospital Insurance Fund
nssF National Social Security Fund
rOsca Rotating Savings and Credit Association
saccO Savings and Credit Co-operative
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
1. INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUND
Ojtv of Fa 2009:
Provide information to policy makers about the
main barriers to access, geographic or socio-
economic for instance, providing an impetus for
necessary reforms;
Provide information to the private sector about
market opportunities, and in particular insight into
the types of products that will suit newly identified,
unserved market segments;
Provide a solid empirical basis to track progress
and evaluate the effect of various government-led
and donor-led initiatives and
Provide data for use in academic research into the
impact of access to financial services on growth
and poverty reduction.
svy mtooogy:
Fieldwork carried out by Synovate/Steadman
Group.
Sampling done by Kenya National Bureau of
Statistics, based on NASSEP IV.
Cluster stratified probability sampling used.
First level selection of clusters to ensure repre-
sentative at national, provincial and urbanisation
levels (urban/rural).
Second level selection of households within each
cluster, twelve selected, ten targeted.
Third level selection of an individual using the
KISH grid to randomly select a respondent aged
16+ years.
Sampled 650 clusters, with target of 10 interviews
in each.
Qto g:
Led by FSD and guided by the Financial Access
Partnership.
Translated into Swahili and other major languages
spoken in Kenya: Kikuyu, Luo, Meru/Embu, Kisii,
Luhya, Kalenjin, Kamba, Somali, Turkana, Maasai.
Back translated into English for validation
purposes.
FA06 FA09
lgt: 36 pages 49 pages
avg tvw: 45 minutes 60 minutes
sto: General demographics General demographics
Effective literacy & numeracy
Access to amenities Access to amenities
Biggest risks Biggest risks
Financial literacy
Livelihood & income Livelihood & income
Product usage Product usage
Money transfers Money transfers
Savings Savings
Community-based groups Community-based groups
Credit / loans Credit / loans
Insurance Insurance
Mobile phone & technology usage Mobile phone & technology usage
Vulnerability & general psychographics Vulnerability & general psychographics
Housing conditions Housing conditions
Allocation of personal expenditurePersonal expenditure & minimum household
income
TABLE 1.1 - como of Fa vy qto
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sm v:
6,598 completed interviews.
Target of 10 interviews per cluster; ranged from
3 to 12 interviews, average 8 interviews in each
cluster.
Sample weighted back to population.
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
Gender bias occurred during the survey towards
female respondents possibly because a higher
proportion of potential male respondents were not
available during the time the survey team were in
the area.
Using statistical techniques, this has been corrected
by weighting; weighted gender distribution now
similar to the national distribution.
In this report, all tables and figures present the
results for those aged 18 and over, the current
legal age for getting a national ID card in Kenya.Results for those aged 16 and 17 years old are
presented in the final section of this report.
GRAPH 1.1 - G 18+
Male 47.5%
Female 52.5%
GRAPH 1.2 - G16/17
Male 55.0%Female 45.0%
GRAPH 1.3 - r 18+
Rural 78.7%
Urban 21.3%
GRAPH 1.4 - r 16/17
Rural 78.7%
Urban 21.3%
saMple disTribuTiOn bY prOVince: 18 Years Or Older
Percentage of sample: 26%
rft Vy et
not et
cot
no
Wt
nyz
ct
Percentage of sample: 11.5%
Percentage of sample: 14.3%
Percentage of sample: 12.6% Percentage of sample: 8.4%
Percentage of sample: 8.9%
Percentage of sample: 2.9%
Percentage of sample: 15.3%
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
HOUSING
Most people own the houses they live in (68.5%),
but this is significantly different in urban (17.7%)
and rural areas (82.2%).
Employers provide housing for 24.1% of
respondents (most of this is perceived as free
but strictly speaking, the government does imposesome form of taxation on employer-provided
housing in the formal sector).
A third of house-owners acquired their homes
through inheritance; only 1.5% acquired their
homes through formal or other credit.
Almost half of Nairobi-based home owners
bought their houses, but in all other provinces,
the proportion of owners who bought is negligible,
at 2%.
Two-thirds of all respondents used workmen or a
construction company to build their houses.
Most people see their homes as something to
keep and never sell (84.3%); the proportion who
hold this view is lowest in North Eastern (65.9%)
and Nairobi (70.8%).
Only 23.7% are willing to use their home as security
to borrow money; the proportion is highest in Nairobi
(33.6%) and lowest in Eastern (17.3%).
In Nairobi 70.3% of houses are permanent
dwellings; these are also common on the Coast,
where 54.2% of houses are of this type.
Traditional houses are common in North Eastern
(55.1%) and on the Coast (23.2%).
HOUSEHOLD SIzEMean household sies in rural areas are 5.48
persons, and 3.77 in urban areas.
Household sies are highest in North Eastern, with
a mean of 7.29 persons.
HOUSEHOLD ASSETS
A list of household assets commonly used to
construct the Living Standards Measure was
administered.
Average number of assets owned was 2.8
nationally; two provinces had averages higher
than the national average: Nairobi (5.9) and
Central (3.2).
Commonly owned assets in rural areas are: radio
(80.1%), sofa set (36.1%), bicycle (34.8%).
Commonly owned assets in urban areas are: radio
(90.3%), sofa set (66.0%), colour TV (52.6%).
Items that require electricity are significantly more
common in urban areas, in particular television
ownership, DVD players, and electric irons.
Livestock ownership is common in rural areas
(82.1%); with cattle owned by 73.3% of rural
households, chickens by 79.4%.
GRAPH 2.1 - hom otto y ov
naTiOnal
Nairobi
Central
Coast
Eastern
Nyana
Rift Valley
Western
North Eastern0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Self built Workmen/cons truc tion co Bough t it Don t know
GRAPH 2.2 - hom qto y
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Regularincome
Inherited Formalsavings
Formalcredit
Othercredit
Miscmethods
Othersavings
r
u
2. LIFESTYLES AND LIVING CONDITIONS
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GRAPH 2.3 Ow of o-t tm y 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Radio
Bicycle
Mo
torcycle
Car
Ox
/plough
Ox/donkeydrawncart
Sofaset
Sewingmachine
W
ardrobe
Built-inkitchensink
Fixedteleph
oneline
Camera
r
u
r
u
r
u
GRAPH 2.4 Ow of t tm y
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
B&wt
elevision
Colourtelevision
Refrigerator
Computer
Hi-fi/musiccentre
Microwaveoven
Ele
ctricstovewithoven
Vacuumc
leaner
Free-s
tandingdeepfreezer
Dvdplayer
V
ideorecorder/player
Electriciron
GRAPH 2.5 - ptg otg oft v of vty
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%CrimeNo food No
medicineNo safewater
Noshelter
Nofuel
No cashincome
VULNERABILITYAt a national level, households often went without
various items in the preceding 12 months; the
highest levels of vulnerability were for: cash
income (32.4%), food (15.2%), safe water
(13.8%), medicine (13.5%).
Respondents in North Eastern (68.8%) and
Western (51.6%) reported the highest levels of
being without cash income.
Rates of vulnerability were generally higher than
in 2006: shelter (3.4% in 2006 to 6.5% in 2009),
crime (5.9% in 2006 to 9.5% in 2009).
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
3. LIVELIHOODS, INCOME AND EXPENDITURE
GRAPH 3.1 - M o of voo fo g18 ov
GRAPH 3.2 etmt mmm om q om wt t
v y ov
A higher proportion of respondents depend on
transfers as their main source of income in 2009
(21.0%) than in 2006 (14.3%).
A lower proportion of respondents are engaged
in agriculture in 2009 (45.8%) than in 2006
(48.9%).
Respondents were asked what the minimum
income that would be required for their household
expenses; these averages are summarised in
graph 3.2.
Respondents were also asked to list their
expenditure by different categories; the averages
are shown in graph 3.2.
As can be expected, income and expenditure
levels are higher in urban areas than in rural areas;
average minimum income required in urban areas
is KSh 15,105 compared to KSh 6,552 in rural
areas.
In Nairobi, average minimum income required is
KSh 22,658.
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2006
2009
Pension
Family/friends
Cashcrops
Foodcrops
Livestockoutput
Livestocksales
Fishfarming/Fishing
Farme
mployment
Domesticemployment
Governmentemployment
Office/businessmed-large-privatesector
Office/businesssmall-privatesector
Office/businessmicro-privatesector
Ownbusinessmanufacturing
Ownbusinessretail
Ownbusinessservices
Sub-lettingland
Sub-lettingrooms
Investments
Aidassistance
Other
None/DK
0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000
M om Tot t
TOTal
RURAL
URBAN
Nairobi
Central
Coast
Eastern
Nyana
Rift Valley
Western
North Eastern
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4. ACCESS STRANDSThe access strand presents usage of financial services by
level of formalisation:
Fom use a bank, PostBank or insurance
product.
Fom ot do not use any formal product,but use services from non-bank financial
institutions such as SACCOs (Savings and
Credit Cooperative Societies) and MFIs
(Micro-finance Institutions).
ifom
do not use any formal/formal otherproducts but use informal financial service
providers such as ASCAs, RoSCAs and
groups/individuals other than family/friends.
e use no formal/formal other orinformal financial services.
22.6% of the population aged 18 years and older
is formally included compared to 18.9% in 2006.
Usage of non-bank financial institutions has more
than doubled from 7.5% in 2006 to 17.9% this
can be mostly attributed to the new M-PESA
service provided by Safaricom.
A total of 40.5% are formally served, representing
approximately 7.6 million of an estimated adult
population of 18.7 in Kenya in 2009.
Dependence on only informal financial services
declined from 32.7% to 26.8%.
The proportion excluded shrank from 38.4% in
2006 to 32.7% in 2009.
Access to financial services improved both in rural
and urban areas; in urban areas, the formal strand
increased from 32% in 2006 to 41% in 2009.
The proportion of those excluded from financial
services also dropped in both; the drop was more
marked in urban areas where it declined by about
half.
2009
rural Maleurban FeMale
17.6%
41%
20.2%
15.9%17%
21.4%
27.9%
17.8%
29.6%
16.5%
19.5% 33.4%
35.9%21.1% 32.4% 33%
2006
Fom
Fom ot
ifom
e
Fom
Fom ot
ifom
e
Fom
Fom ot
ifom
e
18.9%
7.5%
35.2%
38.4%
22.6%
17.9%
26.8%
32.7%
0%
100%
2006 2009
rural Maleurban FeMale
14.9%
32% 9.2%
5.9%
8.5%3.5%
23.8%
14.3%
39.2%22.8%
29.5% 40.5%
41.6%37.4% 37.5% 39.3%
0%
100%
GRAPH 4.1 - F t
GRAPH 4.2 - F t y g
GRAPH 4.3 - F t y g
0%
100%
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
GRAPH 4.5 - F t y g
0%
100%
Fom Fom ot ifom e
18-24 y
2009
25-34 y 35-44 y 45-54 y 55+ y
12.3%
28.2%
14.6% 18.1%
14.2%19.9%
19.8%
30.5%26%
20%
22.2%
28.8%29.3%
27.1%
28.9%
23.2%45.5% 25.7% 28.8% 37%
GRAPH 4.4 F t y to
Fom Fom ot ifom e
0%
100%
2009
Tty soy pmy no
70.3%
34.7%16.6%
7.1%
19.5%
25%
13.4%
4.9%
2.2%
15.3%
35.8%
32.1%
25.1%8% 34.2% 55.9%
Access to financial services improved both in rural
and urban areas (see Graph 4.5); by age group,
exclusion is highest in those under 25 years old
and those over 55 years.
A significant proportion (approx a fifth) of people
across all age groups depend only on informal
financial services.
Usage of formal financial services increases
significantly with level of education rising from
4.9% for those with no education to 70.3% for
those with tertiary education.
Exclusion decreases as level of educationincreases, from 55.9% for those with no education
to 8.0% for those with tertiary education.
A high proportion of respondents report using
more than one type of financial service provider;
this is represented in the financial access overlap
diagrams in graph 4.6.
Amongst the urban, a fifth use formal, formal other
and informal providers; urban dwellers are more
likely to use several different types of providers
(47.9%).
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GRAPH 4.6 F ov y g
Fom oy
Fom fom ot fom
Fom fom ot
Fom ot oy
Fom fom
Fom ot fom
ifom oy
32.7%
7.8%
10.1%
10.2%
6.9%
26.8%
3%
35.9%
7%
10%
7.5%
5%
29.6%
2.9%
Formal Informal
Formal otherrural
21.1%
20%
11%
13.3%
18.5%
10.4%
3.6%
Formal Informal
Formal otherurban
32.4%
10.4%
9.8%
10.7%
10.7%
19.5%
3%
Formal Informal
Formal otherMale
33%
5.5%
10.3%
9.8%
3.5%
33.4%
3.1%
Formal Informal
Formal otherFeMale
TOTal
GRAPH 4.7 ug of fft f v ov
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%Sacco
2006
2009
Bank MFI Informal ExcludedInsurance
Formal other
InformalFormal
Usage of MFIs doubled, from 1.7% to 3.4%.
Usage of SACCOs declined from 13.1% to 9%.
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
5. SAVINGSRespondents who only have savings with a
group of friends, family/friend or secret place are
classified as excluded; typically, even informal
groups need to have some sort of organiational
structure, with some common overriding financial
purpose.
Usage of savings products has not changed; those
currently using them is constant at 52%.
Most people in urban areas are current savers; the
proportion rose from 51.2% in 2006 to 60.1% in
2009.
Proportion of those in rural areas who have never
used a savings product is unchanged at 40.6%.
The product descriptions changed slightly
between 2006 and 2009. Many banks have now
developed transaction accounts on which no
interest is payable.
2006 % 2009 %
Rural Urban Rural Urban
cty g vg ot
52.2 51.2 49.2 60.1
pvoy vg ot
7.2 10.0 0.2 0.9
nv vg ot
40.6 38.8 40.6 29.1
TABLE 5.1 - ug of vg ot y
ALL RESPONDENTS
Prodt2006% 2009%
FOrMal
svg - potk 5.6 2.5
svg - bk svg
aot 12.4 -svg - bk ctaot
2.5 -
svg - bk F dotaot
0.7 -
svg - bk - wt tt - 11.6
svg - bk - t - 1.8
svg - bk - tto - 8.4
svg - aTM 5.8 -
svg - dt 0.7 -
svg - aTM/dt - 11.8
FOrMal OTher
svg - saccO 12.8 8.9
svg - MFi 1.5 3.2
inFOrMal
svg - asca 5.4 7.8
svg - rOsca 29.3 31.7
excluded
svg - Go of f 10.9 5.5
svg - Fmy/f 5.7 6.7
svg - st 27.9 55.7
TABLE 5.2 - ug of vg ot y v of fomty
GRAPH 5.2 - ug of vg ot 2009
Currently using asavings product52%
Previously had a savingsproduct
8%
Never had a savingsproduct40%
GRAPH 5.1 - ug of vg ot 2006
Currently using asavings product52%
Previously had a savingsproduct10%
Never had a savingsproduct38%
Dashes indicate the product was not descr ibed in the same wayduring the other survey
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6. CREDITRespondents who only have credit with family/
friend are classified as excluded; typically, even
informal groups need to have some sort of
organisational structure, with some common
overriding financial purpose.
Usage of credit products has increased from 31%
in 2006 to 38% in 2009.
A higher proportion of people in urban areas
currently have credit (41.0%) compared to those
in rural areas (36.9%).
In rural areas, one in two has never had credit,
down from 61.7% in 2006.
The most common credit source was from informal
sources: 24.3% had credit from shops and other
suppliers.
Another important source of credit was family/
friends, 12.2% in 2009 although this alone, for
our purposes, does not classify a respondent as
financially included.
TABLE 6.1 - ug of t ot y
2006 2009
Rural Urban Rural Urban
cty g t ot
30.8 30.2 36.9 41.0
pvoy vg ot
7.5 10.0 13.1 20.0
nv t ot 61.7 59.8 50.0 39.0
TABLE 6.2 - ug of t ot y v of fomty
PRODucT 2006% 2009%
FOrMal
lo - bk 1.8 2.6
lo - ho/ fom k 0.4 0.2
lo - ho/ fom
oty0.1 -
lo - Ovft 0.3 0.2
lo - ct 0.7 0.8
FOrMal OTher
lo - saccO 4.1 3.0
lo - MFi 0.8 1.8
lo - ho/ fomgovt t
0.2 0.1
lo - Govmt 0.9 0.3
lo - h 0.6 0.1
inFOrMal
lo - emoy 0.9 0.5
lo - asca 1.7 1.8
lo - by 0.9 1.2
lo - Moy 0.7 0.4
lo - so/ t 22.8 24.3
excluded
lo - Fmy/f 12.6 12.2
GRAPH 6.1 - ug of t ot 2006
Currently using a creditproduct31%
Previously had acredit product8%
Never had a credit product61%
GRAPH 6.2 - ug of t ot 2009
Currently using a creditproduct38%
Previously had a creditproduct
15%
Never had a credit product47%
Dashes indicate the product was not described in the same wayduring the other survey
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
7. REMITTANCES
Remittances within Kenya are now very common;
52% received money in 2009 compared to 16.5%
in 2006.
International remittances are still low, but 4.3%
claim to have received money in 2009, up from
2.8% in 2006.
The most popular means of money transfer is
M-PESA, now used by 39.9% of all adults.
26% of all M-PESA users also save money on their
phones.
One in six, store value in their phone for use while
travelling.
M-PESA is perceived as the least risky by 26.2%
of respondents, least expensive (31.7%), fastest
(64.3%), easiest to get (47.8%) means of money
transfer.
TABLE 7.2 - pto of fft mtt vy mto
TABLE 7.1 - ato of M-pesa y t M-pesa
SERVIcES %
by tm 41.7
sv moy 26.3
sto moy fo tvg 16.9
Mk oto 5.4
rv ymt 4.9
by goo 3.5
Wtw moy fom aTM 2.7
py 2.3
rv y 1.8
py y 1.7
2006 2009
pv mot ky Friend/family (50.4%) Bus/Matatu (45.8%) & Friend/family (42.7)
pv t ky Specialist money transfer service (19.4%) M-PESA (26.2%)
pv mot v Specialist money transfer service (40.0%) Specialist money transfer service (25.8%)
pv t v Friend/family (51.3%) Friend/family (44.2%) & M-PESA (31.7%)
pv ftt Specialist money transfer service (34.9%) M-PESA (64.3%)
pv owt Friend/family (32.9%) Friend/family (32.4%)
pv t to gt Friend/family (51.3%) M-PESA (47.8%) & Friend/family (36. 8%)
pv t to gt Someone elses account (22.6%)Cheque (18.7%), Money transfer service
(18.3%) & Bus/Matatu (16.4%)
GRAPH 7.1- i of mtt
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2006
2009
Receivedin-country
16.5%
51.8%
16.9%
2.8%0.7% 0.8%
4.3%
35.3%
Receivedinternational
Sentin-country
Sentinternational
GRAPH 7.2 - ug of M-pesa y ov
naTiOnal
RURAL
URBAN
Nairobi
Central
Coast
Eastern
Nyana
Rift Valley
Western
North Eastern
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
M-PESA used M-PESA not used
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Current usage of insurance remains virtually
unchanged (5.9% in 2006 and 6.8% in 2009).
Usage in urban areas is higher; 12.8% in 2006;
14.1% in 2009.
The majority (63.9%) of those currently using
insurance are males, but this is slightly lower
than in 2006 (68.3%).
Usage of insurance services increases with rising
level of education.
Most current users are between 25 and 54 years old.
The most common product was medical
government-based products used by 4.2% of all
respondents, and private products by 0.7%.
Prodt 2006 2009
i - c 1.8 1.1
i - hoo ott 0.3 -
i - bg 0.3 -
i - ho - 0.2
i - M 2.3 -
i - Govmt m - 4.2
i - pvt m - 0.7
i - lf 1.0 1.0
i - dty 0.2 -i - eto 0.9 0.6
i - po 1.4 1.2
i - nssF 2.7 2.9
i - Ot og-tm 0.2 -
Ot i - 0.0
TABLE 8.1 - ug of ot
GRAPH 8.1 - ug of ot 2006
Currently using aninsurance product6%
Previously used aninsurance product2%
Never used an insuranceproduct92%
GRAPH 8.2 - ug of ot 2009
Currently using aninsurance product7%
Previously used aninsurance product2%
Never used an insuranceproduct91%
8. INSURANCE AND RISK
Dashes indicate the product was not des cribed in the same wayduring the other survey
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| 18 |
FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
TABLE 8.3 - pto of 2009
Insrane user Yes No
cot ffo 50.0 81.4
pott mgy 91.4 83.1
ht g
k5.9 7.7
lf g k 5.2 7.7
com ot t
ot48.5 25.3
com ty to t o 45.1 25.1
agt t fty 53.4 25.9
TABLE 8.4 - Wt fft oo f?
Potential risks 2006 2009
lo of oty 62.4 79.1
dogt/fm 62.4 87.4
ifto 56.6 87.9
lo of 47.4 75.6
lo of m om 43.1 82.4
Foo 36.0 58.0
lo of vtok 33.9 69.1
lo of ot om 18.0 57.7
The most common product was medical, with
government provided products. Most people
agree that insurance protects in emergency, but
81.4% of non-users think it is expensive.
At least half of current insurance users (53.4%)
think agents recruit clients fraudulently; a similarly
high proportion of users (48.5%) think insurance
companies do not explain their products well.
In 2009, the list of risks was expanded with
respondents being asked to define which was the
biggest risk to their household finances; the most
mentioned were loss of main income (21.4%),
drought/famine (18.0%), inflation (15.8%), loss
of land (12.1%), medical costs (9.3%).
TABLE 8.2 - ug of ot y
2006 2009
Rural Urban Rural Urban
cty g ot
3.6 12.8 4.8 14.1
pvoy ot
1.6 1.7 2 2.5
nv ot
94.8 85.5 93.2 83.3
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEY
RESULTS
| 19 |
9. TECHNOLOGY
MOBILE PHONE ACCESS
Almost half (47.5%) of all Kenyan adults own a
mobile phone (up from 26.9% in 2006), with the
rate of ownership rising to 72.8% in urban areas
(up from 52.3% in 2006) and 80.4% in Nairobi(up from 63% in 2006).
USAGE OF MOBILE-RELATEDTECHNOLOGY
Usage of additional mobile-based services has
dramatically increased; 37.1% now send airtime
(up from 20.6% in 2006) and 43.1% send text
messages (up from 29.2% in 2006).
Mobile internet access is now used by 4.5% of
respondents; in Nairobi this rises to 19.2%.
An increasing number of people now check their
bills on their mobiles, currently 2.8% nationally
and 13.4% in Nairobi.
USAGE OF OTHER TECHNOLOGY
ATM usage is now 13.4% nationally, up from
7.8%.
Usage of the independent PesaPoint ATM
network has also increased to 3.5% from 1.5%,
the change being strongest among the formally
included (2009 - 13.6%, 2006 - 7.8%).
The use of standing orders has remained
unchanged, at slightly under 1%.
GRAPH 9.1 - Mo o y
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Ow o hh mm F/fmy
agt no
GRAPH 9.2 - Mo o y f t
2006 2009
Excluded
2006 2009
Informal
2006 2009
Formal other
2006 2009
Formal
Ow o hh mm F/fmy
agt no
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Nairobi
2006 2009
Urban
2006 2009
Rural
2006 2009
National
2006 2009
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| 20 |
FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
GRAPH 9.3 - ug of mo- toogy v
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
National Formal Formal other Informal Excluded
s tm
s tt mg
by ot v
2006
GRAPH 9.5 ug of ot toogy v
National Formal Formalother
Informal Excluded
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5&
0%
u aTM
u ppot
u mkt ot
u ot oo
u tg o
2006
GRAPH 9.4 - ug of mo- toogy v
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
National Formal Formal other Informal Excluded
s tm
s tt mg
by ot v
itt
ck
2009
GRAPH 9.6 ug of ot toogy v
National Formal Formalother
Informal Excluded
u aTM
u ppot
u mkt ot
u ot oo
u tg o
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2009
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEY
RESULTS
| 21 |
EFFECTIVE LITERACY
About 70% of respondents demonstrated
effective literacy.
Around 9 in 10 people in urban areas were
functionally literate.
EFFECTIVE NUMERACY
Around 45% of respondents correctly solved the
numeracy problems posed; this proportion rose
to over 60% in urban areas .
SOURCES OF FINANCIAL ADVICE
Most people turn to their friends and family for
financial advice (45.6%).
A quarter go to their financial institution for
advice: bank, insurance company, SACCO or
agricultural co-op.
KNOWLEDGE OF FINANCIAL TERMS
Financial terms that are commonly understood
include: savings account (91.2%), budget
(71.3%), cheque (65.0%), insurance (52.3%),
interest (50.9%) and pension (52.7%).
Financial terms that most people were
unfamiliar with include: credit bureau (76.9%),
pyramid scheme (69.7%), collateral (62.1%)and mortgage (56.1%).
KNOWLEDGE OF FINANCIALPROVIDERS
Most people were familiar with: ROSCAs (85.0%),
M-PESA (79.6%) and Postbank (69.0%).
People were least familiar with the Nairobi Stock
Exchange (47.6%) and NHIF (34.6%).
Bank 19.6%
Insurance company 0.7%
SACCO 7.1%
Agricultural co-op 1.6%
Church or mosque 1.6%
Employer 2.0%
Friends or family 45.6%
Others 6.6%Did not go anywherefor help 8.8%
Cant remember 6.6%
GRAPH 10.3 - so of f v
GRAPH 10.1 - efftv ty
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
can read andunderstand all the
questions
can read but cantunderstand the
questions
cant read and cantunderstand the
questions
ru
nto
GRAPH 10.2 - efftv my
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Di vi si on pr obl em co rre ct Mul ti pl icat ion p rob le m c orr ec t
r
u
nto
10. FINANCIAL LITERACY
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| 22 |
FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
GRAPH 10.4 - Kowg of f tm
GRAPH 10.5 - Kowg of f ov
Postbank
M-PESA
SACCO
Chama/ROSCA
NSSF
NHIF
Nairobistockexchange
nv wo
h wo ot kow mg
h wo & kow mg
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Savingsaccount
Insurance
Interest
Shares
Cheque
Collateral
ATMc
ard
Creditcard
Budget
Investment
Inflation
Leasing
Pension
Mortgage
Pyramidscheme
Creditbureau
nv wo
h wo ot kow mg
h wo & kow mg
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
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FINACCESS2009 SURVEY
RESULTS
| 23 |
The main income source for youth is transfers;
increasing to 60.1% in 2009 from 2009 from 54.6%
in 2006.
About a quarter are involved in agriculture, down from
33.9% in 2006.
The access strand is virtually unchanged from 2006;
however there is a slight expansion in the Formal
other category, which has expanded from 0.6% to
3.3%, corresponding to a similar decrease in theInformal category. This can be attributed to the usage
of money transfers through the M-PESA product.
Unlike the rest of the population, the proportion of
youths using credit in 2009 (24%) was higher than
those saving (13%).
GRAPH 11.2 - F t fo yot
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2009
2006
Formal Formal other Informal Excluded
GRAPH 11.1 - M om o fo yot
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Transfers Agriculture Waged(non-agric)
Self-employed Other
2006
2009
saMple disTribuTiOn bY prOVince: 16-17 Year Olds
Percentage of sample: 19.2%
rft Vy et
not et
cot
no
Wt
nyz
ct
Percentage of sample: 15.8%
Percentage of sample: 17%
Percentage of sample: 7.8% Percentage of sample: 6.9%
Percentage of sample: 6.2%
Percentage of sample: 9.2%
Percentage of sample: 18%
11. YOUTH
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| 24 |
FINACCESS2009 SURVEYRESULTS
APPENDIX
FinAccess 2009 Questionnaire
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PROJECTFSDK-2009
SerialNo...
DATE
..
Start
time
..........
:
H
H
M
M
A1.
Province/mkoa
1.
Na
iro
bi
3.
Coas
t
5
.Nyanza
7.
Wes
tern
2.
Cen
tra
l
4.
Eas
tern
6
.RiftVa
lley
8.
Nort
hEaste
rn
IDENTIFICATION
A2
.District_
________________________________________________________________________
____________
A3.
Su
bloca
tion
/ward
_____________________________________________________________________________
A4.
Nassepc
lus
ternum
ber.
..............................................................................................................................................
A5.
House
ho
ldnum
ber.
....................................................................................................................................................
A6.
Clus
ter
type
.
Rura
l
Urban
Nameo
fhouse
ho
ldhea
d.....
Interv
iewername:
Interv
iewerco
de
..
SUPERVISOR
(co
de
)
NAME
_______________________
DATE
_______________________
OFF
ICEEDITOR
(cod
e)
NAM
E_________________________
DAT
E_________________________
BACKCHECKED
(co
de
)
NAME
_____________________________
DATE
_____________
_________________
ACCOMPANIED
(co
de
)
NAME
_______________________
DATE
_______________________
SCANNED
(co
de
)
NAME
_______________________
DATE
_______________________
Survey:90109
Page:1
TheSteadma
nGroup
DD
YYYY
MM
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CALLBACKS
:
H
H
M
M
1
:
H
H
M
M
2 3
**ResultCode
1.
Comp
leted
...........................................................................................................................................................
2.
House
ho
ldhea
dun
der
16yearso
fag
e..............................................................................................................
3.
No
house
ho
ldmem
bera
tHome
.........................................................................................................................
4.
Nocompe
ten
trespon
den
ta
thomeat
timeo
fthev
isit
......................................................................................
5.
En
tire
house
ho
lda
bsen
tforex
ten
ded
perio
do
fthe
time
...................................................................................
6.
Pos
tpone
d..........................................................................................................................................................
7.
Re
fuse
d...............................................................................................................................................................
8.
Dwe
llingvacan
tora
ddressno
ta
dwe
lling
..........................................................................................................
9.
Dwe
lling
des
troye
d.............................................................................................................................................
10.
Dwe
llingno
tfoun
d..............................................................................................................................................
11.
Se
lec
tedpersonp
hys
ica
lly/men
tallyn
otfittobe
interv
iewe
d.............................................................................
12.
Se
lec
tedpersoncanno
tcommun
icate
inany
interv
iew
language
.......................................................................
Survey:90109
Page:2
TheSteadma
nGroup
Time
Date
NextVisit
Noof
Results
Date
visits
YYYY
MM
DD
DD
YYYY
MM
Visit1
Visit2
Visit3
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INTRODUCTION..
Goo
dmorn
ing
/afternoo
n/even
ing
.Myname
is.f
rom
Stea
dman
,acompany
tha
tcon
duc
tsresearc
hstu
dies
inKenya
.Thishouse
hasbe
ense
lec
tedforasurveyan
dIam
here
today
toas
kquest
ionson
howpeop
leuse
financ
ialserv
ices
.Thisw
illhe
lpsevera
lorgan
iza
tions
havegoo
din
forma
tiona
bou
thow
theycan
bring
be
tterserv
ices
toyouan
do
ther
Kenyans
.Firs
t,wew
illnee
dtoma
ke
alisto
feveryone
inyour
house
ho
ldsowe
canc
hooseoneperson
inpart
icu
lar
tointerv
iew
............[
HabariyaAsubuhi/Mchana/Jioni.Jinalanguni.............k
utokaSte
admanGroup,K
ampuniinayofanyautafitihap
Kenya.N
yumbahiiimechaguliwakatiyazinginenanikohapaleokukuulizamaswalijinsiwatuhutumia
pesa.H
iiitasaidiamashirikayanayohusikakupatahabarivile
watakavyoletahudumahizikwakona
kwaWakenyawengine.K
wanzatungependakuandikaorodhayawatuwoteambaowanaishikatikanyu
mbahiiilitukawezekuchaguayuleambayetutaongeanaye.
House
ho
ld
sc
he
du
le
Wri
teinfromo
ldes
t
(top
)toyounges
t
(bo
ttom
)
A7.A
ge
(Yea
rs)
A8.
Gen
der
A9.
Re
lation
tohea
do
fHH/Uhusiano
namkuuwanyumba
1=
Hea
do
fhouse
ho
ld
2=
Hus
ban
d/wifeo
fhea
do
fHH
3=
Mo
ther,
father,unc
le,
aun
t,or
gran
dparen
to
fhea
do
fHH
4=
Son
,daug
hter,n
ieceornep
hew
o
fhea
do
fHH
5=
Bro
ther,s
ister,orcous
ino
fhea
dof
HH
6=
Otherre
lations
7=
House
ho
ldemp
loyee
/no
tre
lated
toHH
8=
Noresponse
A10
Income
earner/
Ana
kipato
A11.
Highes
tleve
lo
fforma
l
educa
tioncomp
leted
/Kiwangochaelimu
1=
None
2=
Someprimary
3=
Primarycomp
leted
4=
Somesecon
dary
5=
Secon
darycomp
leted
6=
Tec
hn
ica
ltra
ininga
fter
secon
dary
7=Un
ivers
ity
A12.
Qua
lifytobe
interv
iewe
d
1=
Qua
lify
tob
e
interv
iewed
2=
Awaya
tsc
hoo
l
3=
Trave
lingduring
survey
4=
Men
tallyill
5=
Otherw
ise
incapac
itated
6=
No
tres
iden
tforpas
t
4mon
ths
7=
Un
der
16
A13.
Didthis
persons
leep
un
dera
be
dne
tlas
t
night?
/Alijifunikaneti
yakitandani
usikuuliyopita?
A14
.Ifyes
,
was
the
be
dne
t
trea
tedw
ith
insec
tic
ide
?
/Kamandio,
netihiyo
imetibiwana
dawaya
mbu?
Lista
llmem
bers
ofthe
house
ho
ld
1______________
2______________
3______________
4______________
5______________
6______________
7______________
8______________
9.______________
10._____________
Survey:90109
Page:3
TheSteadman
Group
1.Male
2.Female
1.Yes2.No
1.Yes
2.No
1.Yes
2.No
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House
ho
ld
sc
he
du
le
Wri
teinfromo
ldes
t
(top
)toyounges
t
(bo
ttom
)
A7.A
ge
(Yea
rs)
A8.
Gen
der
A9.
Re
lation
tohea
do
fHH/Uhusiano
namkuuwanyumba
1=
Hea
do
fhouse
ho
ld
2=
Hus
ban
d/wifeo
fhea
do
fHH
3=
Mo
ther,
father,unc
le,
aun
t,or
gran
dparen
to
fhea
do
fHH
4=
Son
,daug
hter,n
ieceornep
hew
o
fhea
do
fHH
5=
Bro
ther,s
ister,orcous
ino
fhea
dof
HH
6=
Otherre
lations
7=
House
ho
ldemp
loyee
/no
tre
lated
toHH
8=
Noresponse
A10
Income
earner/
Ana
kipato
A11.
Highes
tleve
lo
fforma
l
educa
tioncomp
leted
/Kiwangochaelimu
1=
None
2=
Someprimary
3=
Primarycomp
leted
4=
Somesecon
dary
5=
Secon
darycomp
leted
6=
Tec
hn
ica
ltra
ininga
fter
secon
dary
7=Un
ivers
ity
A12.
Qua
lifytobe
interv
iewe
d
1=
Qua
lify
tob
e
interv
iewed
2=
Awaya
tsc
hoo
l
3=
Trave
lingduring
survey
4=
Men
tallyill
5=
Otherw
ise
incapac
itated
6=
No
tres
iden
tforpas
t
4mon
ths
7=
Un
der
16
A13.
Didthis
persons
leep
un
dera
be
dne
tlas
t
night?
/Alijifunikaneti
yakitandani
usikuuliyopita?
A14
.Ifyes
,
was
the
be
dne
t
trea
tedw
ith
insec
tic
ide
?
/Kamandio,
netihiyo
imetibiwana
dawaya
mbu?
CONTINUEFROMTHEPREVIOUSP
AGE
Lista
llmem
bers
ofthe
house
ho
ld
11_____________
12_____________
13_____________
14_____________
15_____________
16_____________
17_____________
18_____________
19._____________
20._____________
A15.
To
talPersons
inthe
House
ho
ld............................................
Survey:90109
Page:4
TheSteadman
Group
1.Male
2.Female
1.Yes
2.No
1.Yes
2.No
1.Yes
2.No
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A16.
Wewou
ldlike
toknow
howmuc
histhea
bso
lutem
inimum
MONTHLYincomeyour
fam
ilywouldnee
d,
inyourcurren
tc
ircumstances?
Tha
tistosay
,tha
tyou
wou
ldno
tbea
bletoma
keen
dsmee
tifyou
earne
dless
than
tha
tamoun
t?/Tungependakujuakiwangochamapatochachinikabisakwamw
ezi,ambachojamiiyakoinahitajikwasasa;Inamaanishakw
ambabilahiyohamtawezakujimudukimaisha.
Ks
h.......................
Interviewer:inordertodeterminewhoyouwillbeinterviewingyouwillneedthelasttwodigitsofthequestionnairenumberasstatedonpage1oftheq
uestionnaire,andthenumberofmembers
inthehouseholdwhoqualifyforthesurvey.
1.Listallqualifyingadultsaged16andabovelivinginthehouseholdtogetherwiththeirageswhethero
rnottheyareinatpresent.Startwiththeoldestandworkdo
wntotheyoungest.
2.Findthenumberrunningdowntheleftsideofthetablethatmatchestheendofthequestionnairenumber,andthenumberofhouseholdmembersthatqualifyrun
ningacrossthetopofthe
table.
3.Circlethenumberwherethesetwonum
bersmeetinthetable.
4.Thisisthenumberofthepersonthatyo
uwillinterviewrecordonpreviouspageandcheckdetails.
5.Interviewtheselectedindividual.
1.________________________________
_______
16
._______________________________________
2.________________________________
_______
17
._______________________________________
3.________________________________
_______
18
._______________________________________
4.________________________________
_______
19
._______________________________________
5.________________________________
_______
20
._______________________________________
6.________________________________
_______
21
._______________________________________
7.________________________________
_______
22
._______________________________________
8.________________________________
_______
23
._______________________________________
9.________________________________
_______
24
._______________________________________
10
._______________________________
_______
25
._______________________________________
11
._______________________________
_______
12
._______________________________
_______
13
._______________________________
_______
14
._______________________________
_______
15
._______________________________
_______
Survey:90109
Page:5
TheSteadma
nGroup
No.ofAdultsintheHousehold.
No.ofAdultsintheHousehold.
Age
Age
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01
26
51
76
02
27
52
77
03
28
53
78
04
29
54
79
05
30
55
80
06
31
56
81
07
32
57
82
08
33
58
83
09
34
59
84
10
35
60
85
11
36
61
86
12
37
62
87
13
38
63
88
14
39
64
89
15
40
65
90
16
41
66
91
17
42
67
92
18
43
68
93
19
44
69
94
20
45
70
95
21
46
71
96
22
47
72
97
23
48
73
98
24
49
74
99
25
50
75
00
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
1
1
1
3
2
4
1
3
5
8
6
5
12
10
1
6
8
7
9
19
13
21
13
24
25
1
2
3
4
3
1
2
2
3
4
8
3
7
2
5
14
4
15
4
8
6
16
14
22
19
1
1
2
1
4
2
7
6
9
3
5
11
2
1
3
11
7
10
16
16
10
5
2
2
3
1
2
3
2
1
3
5
8
6
2
4
2
4
8
11
10
16
6
9
10
15
11
12
1
18
1
1
1
4
5
6
3
5
7
5
9
8
14
3
2
13
5
18
1
4
1
20
1
5
24
1
2
2
2
3
5
6
7
8
7
1
4
9
14
8
2
17
17
14
12
14
22
10
3
14
1
2
1
1
4
1
4
1
4
6
3
6
5
7
13
9
2
3
13
14
8
2
7
20
4
1
1
2
3
2
5
1
4
2
1
7
10
6
5
4
15
10
5
2
13
4
17
5
17
8
1
1
3
2
5
6
2
2
1
9
10
1
10
4
6
6
1
9
10
1
5
6
9
1
12
1
2
2
4
1
3
3
6
9
10
11
12
3
9
15
7
8
11
6
3
9
4
3
10
1
1
1
1
3
1
4
5
3
1
6
2
9
13
11
14
4
11
4
15
15
17
1
1
23
2
1
2
3
1
3
2
7
5
6
5
7
7
8
6
10
3
3
1
12
20
7
13
22
12
16
1
1
2
1
5
3
6
4
3
4
6
2
11
13
12
1
15
8
7
2
12
15
21
13
7
1
2
3
2
4
1
4
7
8
2
5
6
11
12
9
16
13
16
11
18
18
14
16
18
23
1
2
1
4
2
4
3
8
7
7
11
1
3
5
7
12
14
13
8
17
20
19
20
19
11
1
1
3
3
1
6
5
1
5
9
10
3
2
11
13
8
12
12
5
6
21
8
8
4
15
1
1
2
3
4
2
6
4
2
3
2
12
5
2
10
13
5
8
18
9
16
10
17
16
20
1
2
1
4
2
6
4
1
4
8
9
10
7
9
3
12
12
9
7
20
19
9
19
21
13
1
2
2
1
3
5
2
8
9
10
4
9
8
13
1
1
14
10
19
10
11
18
15
7
6
1
1
3
2
5
4
1
3
8
1
3
8
6
6
9
5
7
13
4
15
1
7
22
15
21
1
1
1
2
5
1
7
2
3
2
1
11
4
7
5
3
2
1
3
12
18
5
19
14
9
1
2
1
3
1
3
2
6
2
1
8
7
1
4
2
11
8
2
17
4
17
21
16
3
5
1
2
3
4
2
2
6
7
7
8
3
4
9
3
6
2
11
11
16
2
8
11
23
6
22
1
1
2
1
4
6
3
5
5
3
1
5
13
1
14
8
14
6
15
9
14
3
6
9
17
1
1
2
3
3
2
4
6
4
7
5
3
12
12
12
4
6
2
17
11
2
12
4
8
10
Survey:90109
Page:6
TheSteadma
nGroup
QUESTIONNAIRENUMBERENDSIN
NUMBEROFQUALIFYINGMEMBERSINHOUSEHOLD
-
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INTERVIEWERINSTRUCTIONS:On
ceyouhaveselectedtherespondent,reintroducethesurveytothem.
A17
.Wha
tlanguagewou
ldyoupre
fer
tobe
interv
iewe
din?
1.
Eng
lish
3.
Kikuyu
5.
Meru
/Em
bu
7
.Lu
hya
9.
Kam
ba
11
.Turkana
2.
Swa
hili
4.
Luo
6.
Kisii
8
.Ka
len
jin
10
.Soma
li
12
.Maasa
i
Ifrespon
den
tcanno
tcommun
ica
teinany
ofthea
bove
languages
,CLOSEINTERVIEW.
DD
MM
YY
HH
M
M
Da
teo
finterv
iew
...............................
T
imeo
finterv
iew
(24hc
loc
k).
..........
Alltheinformationyougiveusiscompletelyconfidentialandwillonlybeaccessedbythoseco-ordinatingthisstudy.
Theinterviewwilltakeabout1h
our.
/Mamboyoteutakayotupaniyasirina
hayatahusishwanawe.Mazungumzohayayatachukuam
udawasaamoja.
RECORDTHEFOLLOWINGDETAILSFORTHEHEADOFHOUSEHOLD-REFERTOHOUSEHOL
DREGISTER
A18.
Recordageo
fthe
hea
do
fthe
house
ho
ld./
Jinsiayamkuuwakaya..
RefertoHOUSEHOLDREGISTER
.Tickappropriateageband
Recordage.............
1.
16
-17years
4.
30
-34years
7
.45
-49years
10
.60
-64years
2.
18
-24years
5.
35
-39years
8
.50
-54years
11
.65+years
3.
25
-29Years
6.
40
-44years
9
.55
-59years
12
.Re
fusa
l
A.1
9.
Recordgen
dero
fthe
hea
do
fthehouse
ho
ld.
ReferTOHOUSEHOLDREGISTER.
1.
Ma
le/Mwanamume
2
.Fema
le/Mwanamke
A.2
0.
Record
highes
tleve
lo
fe
duca
tionac
hieve
dby
the
hea
do
fthe
house
ho
ld.RefertoHOUSEHOLDREGISTER..
1.
None
3.P
rimarycomp
leted
5
.Secon
darycomp
leted
2.Someprimary
4.
Somesecon
dary
6
.Tec
hn
ica
ltra
ininga
ftersecon
dary
7.Un
ivers
ity
A.2
1.
ASK.
Wha
tisthe
hea
do
fthe
house
ho
ld'smari
tals
tatus
?/Haliyandoayamkuuwanyumba?
1.
Sing
le
2.Divorce
d/Separa
ted
3.
Widowe
d
4.
Marr
ied/livingw
ithpartner
5.
Don
'tknow
Survey:90109
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nGroup
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A.2
2.
Recordrespon
den
t'sre
lations
hipto
the
hea
do
fhouse
ho
ld?/Uhusianowakonamkuuwanyumb
aRefertoHOUSEHOLDREGISTER.
Ifheadofhousehold,gotoA27
1.
Hea
do
fhouse
ho
ld/Mkuuwanyumba
5.B
rother,s
ister,orcous
ino
fhea
do
fHH/Ka
ka/Dada/Binamuwamkuuwanyumba
2.
Hus
ban
d/wifeo
fhea
do
fHH/Mme/Mkewamkuuwanyumba
6.
Otherre
lations
/Uhusianomwingine
3.
Mo
ther,
father,unc
le,
aun
torgran
dparen
to
fhea
do
fHH/
7.
House
ho
ldemp
loyee
/No
tre
latedtoHeado
fhouse
ho
ld/Mkuuwanyumba
Mama/Baba/Mjomba/Shangazi/auNyanya/Babuwamkuuwanyumba
ameajiriwa/Hanauhusianonamkuuwanyu
mba
4.
Son
,daug
hter,n
ieceornep
hewo
fheado
fHH
,/Mtotowakiume,mtotowakike,m
pwa
8.
Noresponse
aubinamuwamkuuwanyumba
RECORDTHEFOLLOWINGDETAILSFORTHERESPONDENT-REFERTOHOUSEHOLDREGIS
TER
A23.
Recordageo
ftherespon
den
t.RefertoHOUSEHOLDREGISTER..
TICKAPPROPRIATEAGE
BAND
Recordage........
1.
16
-17years
4.
30
-34years
7.
45
-49years
10
.60
-64years
2.
18
-24years
5.
35
-39years
8.
50
-54years
11
.65+years
3.
25
-29Years
6.
40
-44years
9.
55
-59years
12
.Re
fusa
l
A.2
5.
Record
highes
tleve
lo
fe
duca
tionac
hieve
dbyrespon
den
t/Kiwangochaelimuchajuumhojiwaalichotimiza
RefertoHOUSEHOLDREGISTER
1.
None
3.Primarycomp
leted
5
.Secon
darycomp
leted
2.
Someprimary
4.S
omesecon
dary
6
.Tec
hn
ica
ltra
ininga
ftersecon
dary
7.Un
ivers
ity
A.2
4.
Recordgen
dero
ftherespon
den
tR
efertoHOUSEHOLDREGISTER
1.M
ale
2.
Fema
le
A.2
6.
ASK.
Wha
tisyourmari
tals
tatus?/
Haliyakoyandoa?
1.
Sing
le/HajaoaauKuolewa
2.D
ivorce
d/Separa
ted/Wameachana
3.
Widowe
d/Mjane
4.M
arr
ied/livingw
ithpartner/ameoa/olewa/Wanaishipamojanamwenziwe
5.
Don
'tknow/Sijui
Survey:90109
Page:8
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nGroup
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EF
FECTIVELITERACY.
Askall:
A.2
7
Pleaserea
deac
ho
ftheques
tions
on
thiscardou
tlou
dtomean
dg
iveme
theanswer
toeach
./Tafadhalisomakilaswalinainipejawabulake
.HandrespondentcardA.2
7
Donotreadout.
Wha
tisyour
favouri
tedrin
k/Nikinywajiganiunapendasana?
________________________________________________________________________________________
Wha
tisyour
favouri
teco
lour/Nirangiipiunapendasana?
____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Wha
tisyour
favouri
tefoo
d/Nichakulakipiukipendachosana?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1.
Canrea
dan
dun
ders
tan
da
llthequest
ions
2.
Canrea
dbu
tcan
'tun
ders
tan
dtheques
tions
3.
Can
'trea
do
run
ders
tan
da
lltheques
tions
B.
ACCESSTO
AMENITIES
Iamnowgoingtoaskyousomequestionsaboutyouraccesstolocalservices./
Sasanitakuulizamaswalikuhusuvileunavyowezakupatahudumahizi.
Onlyaskpartsbandcofeachquestionifrespondentanswerswithcodes-1to-6inparta.
Readoutresponses.
Singlemention
foreachquestion.
B.1
Ifyou
ha
dtogo
totheneares
tban
k,
/Kamaunatakakuendakwabenkiiliyokaribu,
a)
Howwou
ldyouge
tthere
?/Utafika
jehuko?
b)
How
longwou
ldittakeyou
toget
there
,ifyou
didno
tcom
bine
the
tripw
ithanyo
therac
tiv
ities?/Itakuchukuamudaupiukiendamojakwamoja?
c)
Howmuc
hwou
lditcos
ttoge
tthe
rebypu
blictransport
?/Itakugharimupesangapikwausafiriwaumma?
B.2
Ifyou
ha
dtogo
totheneares
tPost
Office
,/Kamaunatakakuendakwenyepostailiyokaribu,
a)
Howwou
ldyouge
tthere
?/Utafika
jehuko?
b)
How
longwou
ldittakeyou
toget
there
,ifyou
didno
tcom
bine
the
tripw
ithanyo
therac
tivities?
/Itakuchukuamudaupiukiendamojakwamoja?
c)
Howmuc
hwou
lditcos
ttoge
tthere
bypu
blictransport
?/Itakugharimupesangapikwausafiri
waumma?
B.3
Ifyou
ha
dtogo
totheneares
thosp
ita
l/Kamaunatakakwendakwahospitaliiliyokaribu,
a)
Howwou
ldyouge
tthere
?/Utafika
jehuko?
b)
How
longwou
ldittakeyou
toge
tthere
,ifyou
didno
tcom
bine
the
tripw
ithanyo
therac
tivities
?/Itakuchukuamudaupiukiendamojakwamoja?
c)
Howmuc
hwou
lditcos
ttoge
tthe
rebypu
blictransport
?/Itakugharimupesangapikwausafiriwaumma?
B.4
Ifyou
ha
dtogo
totheneares
tsec
on
darysc
hoo
l,/Kamaunatakakwendakwenyeshuleyaupiliiliyokokaribu,
a)
Howwou
ldyouge
tthere
?/Utafika
jehuko?
b)
How
longwou
ldittakeyou
toget
there
,ifyou
didno
tcom
bine
the
tripw
ithanyo
therac
tiv
ities
?/Itakuchukuamudaupiukiendamojakwamoja?
c)
Howmuc
hwou
lditcost
toge
ttherean
dbac
kbypu
blictransport
?/Itakugharimupesangapikwausafiriwaumma?
CONT>>>>>>>
Survey:90109
Page:9
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nGroup
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B1.
1.
Wa
lka
lltheway/Nitatembea.
..................................................................................................................................................
2.
Ownmo
torve
hicle/Nitatumiag
arilangu
...................................................................................................................................
3.
Own
transporto
ther
thanmotor
ve
hiclesuc
has
bicyc
le,
mo
torcycle
,oxcarte
tc/Nitatumiab
aisikeli,pikipiki
...........................
4.
Pu
blictransport-
busor
taxi
/N
itatumiamatatu/taxi..
................................................................................................................
5.
Pu
blictransport-
bicyc
le/mo
torcyc
le/Nitatumiabodaboda/pikipiki..
...........................................................................................
6.
Othermo
torve
hicle
-freeorno
tpa
idfor/Kusaidiwa/kupewalift..
.............................................................................................
7.
Other_
____________________
________________________________________________
____________
8.
You
don
'tknoww
here
theneares
tfac
ilityis(Don'tread)..........................................................................................................
IFOPTION8INANYGOTO
THENEXTFACILITYTYPE
B2.
1.
Un
der
10m
inu
tes
/Chiniyadakika10.........................................................................................................................................
2.
Abou
t10to30m
inu
tes/Karibu
dakika10hadi30......................................................................................................................
3.
Abou
t30m
inu
tes
to1hour/Ka
ribunususaahadilisaamoja....................................................................................................
4.
Abou
t2hours/Karibumasaam
awili...........................................................................................................................................
5.
Abou
t3hours/Karibumasaam
atatu.
.........................................................................................................................................
6.
Abou
t4hours/Karibumasaam
anne..........................................................................................................................................
7.
Abou
t5hours/Karibumasaam
atano
.....................................................................................
...................................................
8.
Abou
t6hours
/Karibumasaas
ita...............................................................................................................................................
9.
7hoursormore/Zaidiyamasa
asaba
........................................................................................................................................
B3.
1.
Closeenoug
htowa
lk-
noneed
tospen
dmoney
/Nikaribu,nawezatembea-hakunahajayakutumiapesa.............................
2.
Less
than
Ks
h50/Chiniyashilingihamsini
..................................................................................................................................
3.
Abou
tKSh51
-100/Shilingiham
sininamojahadimia
.................................................................................................................
4.
Abou
tKSh101
-200/Shilingim
ianamojahadimiambili.
..........................................................................................................
5.
Abou
tKSh201
-500/shilingim
iambilinamojahadimiatano
...............................................
.....................................................
6.
More
than
KSh500/Zaidiyashilingimiatano
.............................................................................................................................
7.
Don
'tknow
/Sijui..
..........................................................................................................................................................................
Survey:90109
Page:10
TheSteadma
nGroup
B1To
B2.
To
B4.
Secondary
thebank
postoffice
school
B3.
Tohospital
-
7/29/2019 FinAccess Report 09
35/76
C1.
Many
house
ho
lds
face
financ
ialris
ks.
Iw
illrea
dyousevera
lthings
tha
tcou
ldma
kea
differenceon
the
financeso
fa
house
ho
ld.
Wha
tare
the
things
tha
tcouldhaveanegativeimpactonyour
household'sfinances
?/Nyumbanyingihuwanamatatizozakifedha.Nitasomamambokadhayanayowezakuletatofautikatikamapatoyanyumba.N
iganik
atiyahizizinawezakuletamadharakwa
mapatoyanyumbahii?Readout.M
ULTIPLEmentionspossible.
C.2.
Whichdoyou
thinkw
illma
ke
thebig
gestdiference
toyour
house
ho
ld'sfinances
?/Niganikatiyahiziinayowezakusababishatofautikubwazaidikwamapatoyanyumbahii?
Readout.SINGLEmention.
1.
Floo
ddes
troys
houseorproperty/uharibifuwanyumba/malikupitiamafuriko...............................................................................................
2.
The
ft,
fireor
losso
fhouse
/property/bu
siness
/Uharibifuaukupotezanyumba/mali/biasharakupitiawizi,moto..............................................
3.
The
ft,
fireor
losso
fcar/ve
hicle/Wizi,
motoaukupotezagari.
........................................................................................................................
4.
Droug
ht/fam
ine/Ukame.
.................................................................................................................................................................................
5.
Losso
fincomeo
fma
inwage-e
arner
/Kupoteakwamshaharawamkuuwanyumba....................................................................................
6.
Losso
fincomeo
fa
fam
ilymem
berliv
ingou
tside
the
house
ho
ld/Kupoteakwamshaharawamtuw
afamiliaasiyeishinyumbanihapa.......
7.
Increaseo
fcos
tso
fbasic
thingsyoun
ee
d/Kuongezekakwabeiyabidhaamuhimu.
...................................................................................
8.
Losso
ffam
ilylan
d/Kupotezashambalafamilia.
...........................................................................................................................................
9.
Losso
flivestoc
k/Kupoteakwamifugo............................................................................................................................................................
10
.Losso
fsav
ings
/Kupotezaakiba....................................................................................................................................................................
11
.Ba
dor
de
teriora
tingpo
litica
ls
itua
tion
incoun
try/Siasambayaaudunikwenyenchi.....................................................................................
12
.Insecuri
ty-
concern
foryourpersonal
sa
fety/Ukosefuwausalama...............................................................................................................
13
.Largeme
dica
lcos
tsdue
tofam
ilymem
ber's
illhea
lth/Pesazahospitalinimingikutokananaugonjwakwafamilia.....................................
C.
BIGGESTRISK
S
14
.Other
(SPECIFY)/Nyingine(Eleza)
___________________________
_______________________________________________________________
15
.None
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
C.3.
Wha
twou
ldyou
do
toma
keen
dsme
etifthe
biggestris
k(whichyousaywou
ldbe
.
BIGGESTRISK...)
happene
dtoyouoryour
house
ho
ld?/Utafanyajekutatuamadharahayakamahatarihiyo
kubwazaidiuliyosemani.......(
Tajah
atarikubwazaidikwaC2)ingefanyikakwakoaukwanyumbayako?Readout.Singlemention.
1
.Useupyoursavings
/Tumiapesayaak
iba
6
.Se
llyourasse
tsegcar,
bus
iness
,house
ho
ldgoo
ds
,lives
toc
k/Kuuzavitukamagari,biashara,b
idhaazanyumbanimifugo
2.
Borrowmoney
/Kukopapesa
7
.Depen
don
chari
tyfromc
hurc
h,
mosque
,Re
dCross/Kutegemeamsaada
kanisani,m
sikitini,shirikalamsalabamwekundu
3.
As
kfam
ilymem
bers
tohe
lp/Kuombam
saadakutokakwajamii
8
.There
'snot
hing
Ican
do/Hakunaninachowezakufanya
4.
Ca
llon
insurancepo
licy,
ifitapp
lies
/Kupigiawatuwabima,k
amawanabima
9.
Don
'tknow
(DONOTREADOUT)
5.
Finda
be
tter
job/additiona
ljobs
/Kutafu
takazinzuri/zakuongezea
10
.Re
fuse
dtoanswer
Survey:90109
Page:11
TheSteadma
nGroup
C2.
C1.Risk
Biggestrisk
-
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D.
FINANCIALLITERACY
Askall:
Iamnowgo
ing
toas
kyousomeques
tionsa
bou
tyourexperiencesw
ithmoneyan
dfinances
.Thisstud
yisloo
kinga
tthe
financ
ialliveso
fpeop
leinKenyaan
ditisvery
importan
ttoge
tanun
ders
tan
dingo
fw
ha
t
you
thinka
bou
tthe
follow
ing
things.
/Sasanitakuulizamaswalikuhusuunavyofahamumaswalayapesanafedha.MahojianohayanikuhusumaishayakifedhayaWakenya,n
ani
muhimutujuejinsiunavyofikiriakuhusumamboyafuatayo.
D.1.
Indifferen
thouse
ho
lds
,differen
tpeop
lema
kethe
dec
isionsa
bou
tfinances
.Please
tellmew
hois
respons
ibleforyour
house
ho
ld'sfinanc
ialdec
isions
.By
this
Imean
decis
ions
inc
luding
thepurc
has
ingo
f
goo
dsan
dserv
ices
for
the
house
hold
an
dhowan
dw
here
tosavean
dspen
dmoney.
/Katikanyumbatofauti,watutofautihuamuakuhusufedha.Je,n
iambienanikatikanyumbayakohuamuamambo
yakifedha,kwamfanoununuziwabid
haamuhimuzanyumbanamahalipakuwekaakibanakutumiapesa.
Readout.Singlementiononly.
YOUAREINVOLVEDINTHEDECISIO
N-MAKINGFORTHEHOUSEHOLD
1.
Youa
lone/Wewepekeeyako
2.
Youan
dyour
hus
ban
dorw
ifeorpartne
ron
ly/Wewenamme/mkewakoauunayekaanaye
3.
Youan
dyour
imme
diatefam
ily(parents
,hus
ban
dorw
ifean
dc
hildren
)on
ly/Wewenajamiiyakoya
karibupekee[Wazazi,Mme/mkenawatoto]pekee
4.
Youan
dyourex
ten
de
dfam
ily(parents,
hus
ban
dorw
ife
,c
hildren
,aun
ts,
unc
lesan
dcous
ins)
/Wewenajamiiyakokubwa[wazazi,mme/mke,w
atoto,shangazi,
mjomba,b
inamu/bintiamu.]
YOUARENOTINVOLVEDINTHEDE
CISION-MAKINGFORTHEHOUSEHOLD
5.
Your
hus
ban
dorw
ifeorpartnerma
kes
the
dec
ision/Mume/mkewako
6.
Yourparen
tsoro
there
lders
inthe
fami
lyma
ke
the
dec
ision
/Wazaziwakoamawakubwawenginek
atikajamii
7.
Yourc
hildrenma
ke
the
dec
ision/Watotowako
8.
Others
(no
tlisteda
bove
)ma
ke
thisdecision
/Wenginewowoteambaohawajatajwahapa
Survey:90109
Page:12
TheSteadmanGroup
-
7/29/2019 FinAccess Report 09
37/76
D.2.
Therearemanywordsuse
dinKenya
tha
tapp
lyto
,orconcern
,financ
ialserv
ices
.Please
tellme
whicho
fthe
follow
ingbestdescribesyourexperiencewit
heac
hwordorp
hrase
.USEENGLISHOR
SWAHILIONLYFORTHESEWORDS
.DO
NOTTRANSLATEINTOTHEVERNACULAR
.
/KunamatamshimengihutumiwaK
enyakuhusiananahudumazakifedha.Tafadhaliniambiega
nikatiyahiziinaelezavileweweunafahamukilaneno.
HandrespondentcardD.2.
Readouteachword/phrase.
Singlementionp
erword/phrase.
Rotateorderofreadingoutandmarkstartingpointwithanasterisk(*).
1.
Sav
ingsaccoun
t/Akauntiyaakiba.................................
2.
Insurance/Bima............................................................
3.
Interes
t/Riba.................................................................
4.
Shares/Hisa..................................................................
5.
Cheque/Cheki...............................................................
6.
Co
llatera
l/Dhamana......................................................
7.
ATMcard/KadiyaATM.................................................
8.
Cre
ditcard/Kadiyakukopesha.....................................
9.
Bu
dge
t/Bajeti.................................................................
10
.Inves
tmen
t/Uwekezaji.................................................
11
.Infla
tion
/Mfumukowabei............................................
12
.Leas
ing/Kukodisha.......................................................
13
.Pens
ion/Malipobaadayakustaafu.............................
14
.Mortgage/Ununuziwanyumba...................................
15
.Pyram
idsc
heme
..........................................................
16
.Cre
ditbureau
......................................
.........................
Survey:90109
Page:13
TheSteadma
nGroup
Neverheardof
Heardthiswordorphrase
but
Heardofthiswordorphrase
thiswordorphrase
don'tknowwhatitmeans
knowwhatitmeans
Nimesikianenohilinaninajuamaanayake
Sijawaikusikianenohili
Nimesikianenohililakinisijuimaanayake
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7/29/2019 FinAccess Report 09
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D.3
Whicho
fthe
follow
ingnames
for
financ
ialprov
iders
haveyouever
heardo
f?/Nimajinaganikatiy
ayafuatayoyawatoahudumazapesaumewahikusikia?
Readout.Singlementiononly.
1.
Pos
tBan
k........................................................................................................................
2.
M-P
ESA
.........................................................................................................................
3.
SACCO
...........................................................................................................................
4.
Chamaor
ROSCA
.........................................................................................................
5.
NSSF
..............................................................................................................................
6.
NHIF
...............................................................................................................................
7Na
iro
biStoc
kExc
hange/Sokolahisala
Nairobi..............................................................
D.4.
Iwan
tyou
tothinkbac
ktothe
las
ttim
eyounee
de
dfinanc
ialadv
ice
.Whenwas
this?/Ninatakau
fikiriewakatiwamwishoulipohitajiushauriwakifedha.Nilini?
RecordinMONTHS.
Enter00iflessthanamonthago.(
Record99ifneverneededadvicea
ndGO
TOD7)
D.5.
Who
/w
here
didyougo
to,
the
lasttimeyounee
de
dfinanc
iala
dvice
?/Ninani/niwapiuliendaku
pataushauri?Donotprompt.Singlementiononly.
1.
Ban
k/Benki
2.
Insurancecompany/Kampuniyabima
3.
SACCO/Muunganowaushirika
4.
Agricu
ltura
lco-o
pera
tive
/Muun
ganowaushirikawakilimo
5.
Churc
hormosque
/Kanisaaumsikiti
6.
Emp
loyer/Muajiri
7.
Frien
ds
/fam
ily/Marafiki/Jamii
8.
Other
(SPECIFY)_
______________________________________________________________________________________________
9.
Didno
tgoanyw
here
for
he
lp/S
ikuendapopotekwausaidizi
10
.Can
tremem
ber(Donotread
out)
IF-09or-10,
GOTOD7.
Survey:90109
Page:14
TheSteadma
nGroup
Neverheardof
Heardthiswordorphrasebut
Heardo
fthiswordorphrase
thiswordorphrase
don'tknowwhatitmea