fill development in practice in asian low-lying urban …hara/poster_hawaii.pdfongoing case study...

Ongoing case study cities

Onsite fill development

Offsite aggregate/soil mining

Mineral flow characteristics

Planning issues/problems

Tokyo Metropolitan Area(insular alluvial plain)

Average material input: 3.3×104 m3 km−2 y−1

(Takeuchi and Yoshioka 1982)

Average material output: 3.8×107 m3 y−1 (sand only)

(Asahi et al. 1993)

Aggregate flow: 20-30kmSoil flow: from underground construction site into adjoining fill sites

(Sudo 2001)

Illegal waste flow and dumping

Exhaustion of aggregate resources

Weak linkage between fill material flow control and land-use planning

Bangkok Metropolitan Region(continental delta)


(Hara et al. 2008)

Average material output: 5.5×107 m3 y−1 (sand only)

(Hara et al. 2008)

Aggregate flow: 100< kmSoil flow: between adjoining parcels (fill-pond combination)

(Hara et al. 2008)

Poorly environmentally managed sand mining

Almost no control at the nodes of fill flow network

Weak linkage between fill development and zoning in consideration of floods

Metro Manila and its vicinity(insular alluvial plain)


(Hara et al. 200?)

Average material output: 6.6×106 m3 y−1 (lahar only)

(Hara et al. 200?)

Aggregate flow: 10-60kmBulk material: from renewal site into fill development sites

(Hara et al. 200?)

Unsanitary landfilling

Case-by-case basis bulk material flow

Emergent poor-drainage district surrounded with fill corridor

Fill development in practice in Asian low-lying urban-rural areasYuji HARA

Transdisciplinary Initiative for Global Sustainability (TIGS), The University of Tokyo

Project outline

In low-lying monsoonal areas of Asia, people traditionally settled on natural levees or upland landforms, which are relatively safe from natural disasters such as extreme floods and large earthquakes. As populations have grown and become concentrated in cities, urban land uses have gradually expanded into more vulnerable natural landforms, such as floodplains and back marshes in which were treated as rice fields. Such an urban land development in low-lying flood-prone areas has been materialized by landfill techniques. Fill practice for development has various forms in its quantitative and qualitative methods, which is also subject to availability of material. Investigation into spatial patterns, process and driving forces of fill development is necessary to consider land-use planning.

List of publications in international journalsHara, Y., Takeuchi, K., Palijon, A.M. & Murakami, A. (200?): Landfill development in the urban fringe of Metro Manila. GeoJournal (under revision).Hara, Y., Thaitakoo, D. & Takeuchi, K. (2008): Landform transformation on the urban fringe of Bangkok: The need to review land-use planning processes with consideration of the flow of fill materials to developing areas. Landscape and Urban Planning 84, 74-91.Hara, Y., Takeuchi, K. & Okubo, S. (2005): Urbanization linked with past agricultural landuse patterns in the urban fringe of a deltaic Asian mega-city: A case study in Bangkok. Landscape and Urban Planning 73, 16–28.

Future outlook

There is still a gap between spatial planning and practice in our daily living space. How should we implement science-basis “beautiful”masterplan in practice? This is frequently asked in Asian low-lying urban-rural fringe area where strong private landholding is longstanding. Field investigation into lateral land uses and inherent vertical landform transformation can help to bridge such a gap. The accumulation of case studies from this perspective among Asian low-lying urban regions enables us to categorize fill development process and patterns, and to develop effective land-use planning strategy in consideration of control on fill practice. This study might be also significant in the context of sea level rise due to global warming.

Temple

Detached houses

Secondary road

1500m

Khlong Bangkok Noi

Main road Secondary road Secondary road Main roadSecondary road

5m

0

1987 Land use

2000 Land use

Orchard

Detached houses

Wasteland

Vacant land

Khlong houses

Slum-type housing

Detached houses

Khlong houses

Orchard

Detached houses

ApartmentsTempleKhlong houses

Khlong houses

ApartmentsKhlong houses

Khlong houses

Townhouse

Townhouse

Apartments Apartments

-5m

Clay fill (CL, 5Y5/1)

Water body

Sand fill (S, 10YR6/6)

Crushed rockConcrete plank

Material (texture, color)

1952 1967 1979

1987 1995 2002

1952 1967 1979

1987 1995 2002

RR RDTH CO SC FA

DH VAKH TMOR SH WL

Land use

5

4

3

2

1

0

Elev

atio

n (m

)

1.56 1.76 1.811.381.06Average (m)

ab

c c c

By water By landCrushed rock flowSand flowClay flow

By water By landCrushed rock flowSand flowClay flow

Rice dominant areaOrchard dominant area

Past agricultural land-use pattern

Rice dominant areaOrchard dominant area

Past agricultural land-use pattern

Source pit area

1986 Land use

2004 Land use

5m

0

-5m

500m

Rice field

Swamp

Vege table patch

Vege table patch

Detached houses

Detached houses

P.Rosales Street

Slum-type housing

Slum-type housing

Slum-type hous ing Detac hed houses

Detac hed houses

1966 Land useRice fieldDe tac hed houses

Forest Detac hed houses

Clay f ill (HC, 2.5Y3/3)

Water body

Sand fill (S, 5Y5/1)

Crushed rock

Construct ion waste (broken concrete etc. )


A B

1986 Land use

2004 Land use

5m

0

-5m

500m

Rice field

Swamp

Vege table patch

Vege table patch

Detached houses

Detached houses

P.Rosales Street

Slum-type housing

Slum-type housing


Detac hed houses




Water body


Crushed rock



A B

1986 Land use

2004 Land use

5m

0

-5m

500m

Rice field

Swamp

Vege table patch

Vege table patch

Detached houses

Detached houses

P.Rosales Street

Slum-type housing

Slum-type housing


Detac hed houses




Water body


Crushed rock



A B

1966 1986 20041966 1986 20041966 1986 2004

Urban fringe area

Upland Low-lying area

Hilly area

Volcanic mountainous areaBy truckCrushed rock flowSand flowClay flowConstruction waste flow

Urban fringe area


Urban fringe area


Hilly areaHilly area

Volcanic mountainous areaVolcanic mountainous areaBy truckCrushed rock flowSand flowClay flowConstruction waste flow

By truckCrushed rock flowSand flowClay flowConstruction waste flow

Contact: [email protected]

fill development in practice in asian low-lying urban …hara/poster_hawaii.pdfongoing case study...

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