filing in c

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Introduction to C Language

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Sunday, February 1, 2009

File Handling in c
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A file is a collection of bytes stored on a secondary storage device, which is generally a

disk of some kind. The collection of bytes may be interpreted, for example, as characetrs,words, lines, paragraphs and pages from a textual document; fields and records belonging

to a database; or pixels from a graphical image. There are two kinds of files that

programmers deal with text files and binary files.

Text Files

A text file can be a stream of characters that a computer can process sequentially. It is not

only processed sequentially but only in forward direction. For this reason a text file is

usually opened for only one kind of operation (reading, writing, or appending) at any

given time.

Binary Files

A binary file is no different to a text file. It is a collection of bytes. In C Programming

Language a byte and a character are equivalent. No special processing of the data occurs

and each byte of data is transferred to or from the disk unprocessed. C ProgrammingLanguage places no constructs on the file, and it may be read from, or written to, in any

manner chosen by the programmer.

Opening a file:

The general format of the function used for opening a file is

FILE *fp;fp=fopen(filename,mode);

The first statement declares the variable fp as a pointer to the data type FILE. As stated

earlier, File is a structure that is defined in the I/O Library. The second statement opens

the file named filename and assigns an identifier to the FILE type pointer fp. fopen()contain the file name and mode (the purpose of opening the file).

r is used to open the file for read only.w is used to open the file for writing only.

a is used to open the file for appending data to it.

Closing a File

A file must be closed as soon as all operations on it have been completed. This would

close the file associated with the file pointer. The input output library supports thefunction to close a file.

Syntax to close file

fclose(filepointer);


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Example

#include

void main(void){

FILE *myfile;

char c;myfile = fopen("firstfile.txt", "r");

if (myfile == NULL) printf("File doesn't exist\n");

else {do {

c = getc(myfile);

putchar(c);

} while (c != EOF);

}fclose(myfile);

}

File operation functions in C:

Function Name Operation

fopen() Creates a new file. Opens an existing file.fclose Closes a file which has been opened for use

getc() Reads a character from a file

putc() Writes a character to a filefprintf() Writes a set of data values to a file

fscanf() Reads a set of data values from a file

getw() Reads a integer from a fileputw() Writes an integer to the file

fseek() Sets the position to a desired point in the file

ftell() Gives the current position in the file

rewind() Sets the position to the beginning of the file

For More Tutorials c tutorial

Posted by Malik at 8:49 AM

4 Comments:

sankarsaid...
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{char buffer[5] = {0}; /* initialized to zeroes */int i, rc;FILE *fp = fopen("myfile", "rb");if (fp == NULL) {

perror("Failed to open file \"myfile\"");return EXIT_FAILURE;

}for (i = 0; (rc = getc(fp)) != EOF && i < 5; buffer[i++] = rc) { }

fclose(fp);if (i == 5) {

puts("The bytes read were...");printf("%x %x %x %x %x\n", buffer[0], buffer[1], buffer[2],

buffer[3], buffer[4]);} else

fputs("An error occurred while reading the file.\n", stderr);return EXIT_SUCCESS;

}


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