file sharing prepared by: mahmud gabareen eyal biber itamar arie lecturer iris reinhartz-berger
TRANSCRIPT
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File Sharing
Prepared By:Mahmud GabareenEyal Biber
Itamar Arie
Lecturer
Iris Reinhartz-Berger
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IntroductionThe term “peer-to-peer” (P2P) refers to a class of
systems and applications that employ distributed resources to perform a critical function in a decentralized way.
Instead of Internet information being held in a few central locations, Peer-to-Peer computing makes it theoretically possible to access the files and data residing on every personal computer connected to the Internet.
P2P
Client/Server
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Client/Server problemsScalability
As the number of users increases, there is a higher demand for computing power, storage space, and bandwidth associated with the server-side.
ReliabilityThe whole network will depend on the highly loaded
server to function properly.
Infrastructure and administrationFor fast responding time required a large
infrastructure with all associated cost and administration.
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P2P AdvantagesIn contrast of Client/Server model the increase
of users means increase in storage, bandwidth and computing power.
No need for a network administrator .Network is fast/inexpensive to setup &
maintain .
In 2001 Google and Napster had almost the same users and data, Napster had about 100 servers, Google had about 15000 servers.
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Pure and Hybrid P2POne possible classification of peer-to-peer
networks is according to their degree of centralization:Pure peer-to-peer:
Peers act as equals, merging the roles of clients and server
There is no central server managing the network There is no central router
Hybrid peer-to-peer: Has a central server that keeps information on peers and
responds to requests for that information. Peers are responsible for hosting available resources, for
letting the central server know what resources they want to share, and for making its shareable resources available to peers that request it.
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Client/Server Architecture
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Pure P2P Architecture
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Hybrid P2P Architecture
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P2P TerminologyClient
is informally defined as an entity (node, program, module, etc.) that initiates requests but is not able to serve requests.
Server is informally defined as an entity that serves
requests from other entities, but does not initiate requests. If the server does initiate requests, then it plays the role of a client. Typically, there are one or a few servers versus many clients.
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P2P TerminologyPeer
A computer program that acts as both a client and a server for the entire P2P network.
Free RidingFree-riding means that a peer does not
contribute anything to the system, while it attempts to obtain service (or downloading) from other peers.
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P2P ApplicationsShould be an implementation of either pure
network or hybrid network.
Should be able to provide these functions: connect/disconnect to peer/server, manage download and upload.
Have necessary entities: Peer, Client, File, Download and Upload.
Have an option to configure sittings: configure download and upload bandwidth, saving directory…
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BitTorrentImplementation of a hybrid P2P network.Two kinds of peers:
Leecher: downloader whose file download is incomplete:
Seeder: downloader who whose file download is complete and only uploading data.
The BitTorrent protocol breaks down files into a number of much smaller pieces, typically a quarter of a megabyte (256 kB) in size.
Use “Tracker”: server that tracks the downloading and uploading processes.
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BitTorrentIn order to start sharing we must create or
open a Torrent file.Torrent file: contains URL of its tracker,
names of the files and their lengths. Also contains SHA-1 hash code for each piece.
Web pageWith .torrent link
Tracker
Seeder
LeecherUser
.torrent
Get A
nnou
nce
Peer L
ist
Shake Hand
Shake Hand
Pieces
Pieces
Pieces
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EmuleHybrid Open source P2P application.Distinguishing features
Direct exchange of sources between client nodes.
Fast recovery of corrupted downloads.Use of a credit system to reward frequent
uploaders.Search.
The server can “break” the file in to peaces. The application combine them together in to one file again.
each piece of file gets a hash code, to verify the correctness of the pieces.
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AresAres is a pure P2P, free open source file
sharing program . Distinguishing features
Direct exchange of sources between client nodes.
Fast recovery of corrupted downloads.Search.
Ares automatically finds more sources and downloads files from many users at once. (breaking the file and gives a hash code to each peace)
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Use Case
Bittorent
Emule
Ares
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Use CaseP2P
Downloader Uploader Seeder Leecher Peer Peer
Tracker Server Server
User User
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Use CaseP2P
Start Download / Upload Pause Download / Upload Manage Download / Upload Manage Download / Upload
Share Directory Create Torrent Share Files
Connect to server Connect to Tracker
Update statusUpdate Server
Search
Configure SettingsConfigure Settings Control panel
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Use CaseP2P
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Class Diagrames
Bittorent
Emule
Client
Client
Client
Peer
Peer
Peer
Download/Upload
Download/Upload
Ares
Next
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Class Diagram - BitTorrent
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Class DiagrameMule
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Class DiagramAres
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Class Diagram
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Applications Models
User
User User
Client
Client
Client
Bittorent
Emule
Ares
Next
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Applications Models - BitTorrent
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Applications ModelsEmule Sequence diagram:
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Applications ModelsAres Sequence diagram:
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Domain Models
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P2P In The FutureP2P algorithms: probably have the biggest
chance of making impact. As the world becomes increasingly decentralized and connected, there will be a growing need for P2P algorithms to overcome the scalability, anonymity, and connectivity problems.
P2P applications: are the next most likely to succeed in the future, because of the advantages of these applications over the existed model.
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ADOM & P2PP2P is a wide domain that it’s hard to put it in
a frame, but ADOM help us in defining the main concepts and functions in the domain.
ADOM helped us in modeling what is needed in P2P application, and defining the relations between the classes and functions.
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BibliographyDejan S. Milojicic, Vana Kalogeraki, Rajan Lukose, Kiran
Nagaraja1, Jim Pruyne, Bruno Richard, Sami Rollins 2 ,Zhichen Xu. Peer-to-Peer Computing. HP Laboratories Palo Alto. 2002.
Andy Oram. Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies. 2001.
Qin Lv, Pei Cao, Edith Cohen, Kai Li, Scott Shenker . Search and Replication in Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Networks.2001.
Dongyu Qiu and R. Srikant. Modeling and Performance Analysis of BitTorrent-Like Peer-to-Peer Networks. 2004.
Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org . Open P2P. http://www.openp2p.com.
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QUESTIONS ???