figure 10-1 light energy sunlight h2oh2oo2o2 light-dependent reactions atp, nadph chemical energy co...
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![Page 1: Figure 10-1 Light energy Sunlight H2OH2OO2O2 Light-dependent reactions ATP, NADPH Chemical energy CO 2 Calvin cycle (CH 2 O) n Chemical energy](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d545503460f94a303ae/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Figure 10-1
Lightenergy
Sunlight H2O O2
Light-dependentreactions
ATP, NADPH
Chemicalenergy
CO2
Calvin cycle
(CH2O)n
Chemicalenergy
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Figure 10-2
Leaves contain millions of chloroplasts.
Chloroplasts are highly structured, membrane-rich organelles.
Outer membrane
Chloroplasts
Cell
Inner membrane
Thylakoids
Granum
Stroma
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Figure 10-21Leaf surfaces contain stomata.
Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves through stomata.
Guard cells Pore Stoma
StomaCO2Extracellularspace
Photosyntheticcells
O2
H2O
Leaf surface
Interior of leaf
Leaf surface
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Figure 10-4
Higherenergy
Wavelengths (nm)
Gamma rays X-rays
Ultra-violet Infrared
Micro-waves
Radiowaves
Shorterwavelength
Visible light
Longerwavelength
Lowerenergy
nm
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Figure 10-6a
Different pigments absorb different wavelengths of light.
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Carotenoids
Chlorophylls absorb blue and red light and transmit green light
Carotenoids absorb blue and green light and transmit yellow, orange,or red light
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Figure 10-11
Reactioncenter
Fluorescence
Heat
Photon
Photon
e–
e–
Electronacceptor
Chlorophyll molecules in antenna complex Reaction centerChlorophyll moleculeLower
Higher
En
erg
y o
f el
ectr
on
RESONANCEFLUORESCENCE REDUCTION/OXIDATIONor or
e–
Electron drops back down tolower energy level; heat andfluorescence are emitted.
Electron is transferred toa new compound.
Energy in electron is transferred to nearby pigment.
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Figure 10-1
Lightenergy
Sunlight H2O O2
Light-dependentreactions
ATP, NADPH
Chemicalenergy
CO2
Calvin cycle
(CH2O)n
Chemicalenergy
![Page 8: Figure 10-1 Light energy Sunlight H2OH2OO2O2 Light-dependent reactions ATP, NADPH Chemical energy CO 2 Calvin cycle (CH 2 O) n Chemical energy](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032704/56649d545503460f94a303ae/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 10-19
6 NADPH
The Calvin cycle has three phases.
3 ATP+
3 CO2
Regeneration: 5 G3P + 3 RuBP3 ATP
Fixation:
Reduction:
3 RuBP 6 3-phosphoglycerate
6 3-phosphoglycerate + 6 ATP 6 G3P 6 NADPH
6 ADP
The reaction occurs in a cycle.
All three phases of theCalvin cycle take place inthe stroma of chloroplasts
3 CO2
RuBP
3 ADP + 3 Pi
Carbons are symbolized asred balls to help you followthem through the cycle
3 P P
6 P
1 G3P
G3P5 G3P
6 P
6 ATP
3-phosphoglycerate
6 H++
6 Pi
6 NADP+
Fixation of carbon dioxide
Regeneration of RuBP from G3P
Reduction of 3-phospho-glycerate
to G3P
+
+
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Figure 10-25
Starch
Glucose subunit
Up to1000or moremonomers
Glucose subunit Fructose subunit
Sucrose
Glucose subunit Glucose subunit
Starch is astorage product
Sucrose is readilytransported
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Figure 10-21Leaf surfaces contain stomata.
Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves through stomata.
Guard cells Pore Stoma
StomaCO2Extracellularspace
Photosyntheticcells
O2
H2O
Leaf surface
Interior of leaf
Leaf surface
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Figure 10-20
Reaction with carbon dioxide during photosynthesis :
RuBP + CO2two 3-phosphoglycerate
used in Calvin cycle
Reaction with oxygen during “photorespiration” :
RuBP + O2one 3-phosphoglycerate + one 2-phosphoglycolate
used in Calvin cycle when processed,CO2 is releasedand ATP is used
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Giussani et al 2001
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Stowe and Teeri 1978
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998
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Knapp et al. 1998