IIFT UNITED

So here is the GKDOZE #1. Trying to give a concise and brief ( looks huge though believe me there is lots and lots more … ) about the United Nations.

Important things to remember are :

Headquarters , Abbreviations , date of formation of UN & various agencies .

Till next week.

The United Nations

Origin: The United Nations Organization is an association of states which have pledged themselves to maintain international peace and security and cooperate in solving international political, economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems towards achieving this end.

The United Nations officially came into existence on Oct. 24,1945, with the deposit of the requisite number of ratifications of the Charter, the constituting instrument of the UN with the US Department.

United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 Oct. each year. The headquarters of the UNO is in New York.

Flag : White UN Emblem (two bent olive branches open at the top and in between them in world map) on a light blue background.

Official Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.

The United Nations has six principal organs according to the Charter which are indicated as below :

The General Assembly

It consists of all 193 member nations and functions as the main deliberative body. It meets once a year on the third Tuesday of the month of September and session lasts for two weeks. At each session the Assembly elects a new President, 21 Vice-Presidents and Chairmen of the six main committees. For proper geographical representation, the Presidency of the Assembly rotates every year among the five geographical groups–Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and Caribbean, and Western Europe and other stares.

The Security Council

The UN Charter has entrusted the primary responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members–China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States–and 10 non-permanent members, currently Azerbaijan, India, South Africa, Colombia, Morocco, Togo, Germany, Pakistan, Guatemala, and Portugal.

The Economic and Social Council (ECO-SOC)

The Trusteeship Council

The International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations.

The UN Secretariat

The United Nations Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the UN Security Council, the UN General Assembly, the UN Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies. The current Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon, who took over from Kofi Annan in 2007 and has been elected for a second term to conclude at the end of 2016.

Important Years Observed by UNO

2005 Year of Physics

2006 International Year of Desert and Desertification

2008 International Year of the Potato

2009 International Year of Reconciliation

2010 International Year of Biodiversity

2011 International Year of Forests

2012 International Year of Cooperatives

2013 International Year of Water Cooperation

2014 International Year of Family Farming

Organizations and specialized agencies of the United Nations

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

Rome, Italy

1945

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

Vienna, Austria

1957

ICAO

International Civil Aviation Organization

Montreal, Canada

1947

IFAD

International Fund for Agricultural Development

Rome, Italy

1977

ILO

International Labour Organization

Geneva, Switzerland

1946 (1919)

IMO

International Maritime Organization

London, United Kingdom

1948

IMF

International Monetary Fund

Washington, D.C., USA

1945 (1944)

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

Geneva, Switzerland

1947 (1865)

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Paris, France

1946

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial Development Organization

Vienna, Austria

1967

UPU

Universal Postal Union

Bern, Switzerland

1947 (1874)

WB

World Bank

Washington, .C., USA

1945 (1944)

WFP

World Food Programme

Rome, Italy

1963

WHO

World Health Organization

Geneva, Switzerland

1948

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

Geneva, Switzerland

1974

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

Geneva, Switzerland

1950 (1873)

UNWTO

World Tourism Organization

Madrid, Spain

1974

GDP growth estimates for 2011-12

Ministry of Finance 8.6%PMEAC (C. Rangrajan) 9.0% RBI 8.0%IMF 8.2%(2011), 7.8% (2012)Crisil (Oct) 7.6%

FICCI 7.9% (7.5 to 8.0)

SBI reduced Interest Rate on Home and Car Loans by Up to 0.5 Percent US Imposed Sanctions on Banks Handling Iranian Oil Transactions Karnataka Bank signed MoU with NABCONS for Bank customer’s consultancy

services A Special Tribunal upheld the Ban imposed by the Centre on the SIMI RBI signed MoU with Financial Regulators of 9 Countries to promote Sharing of

Information Toshiba launched its new Thinking LED range RZ1 of TV sets EGoM approved 50% Diesel Subsidy to farmers in Drought Hit Areas to save

Kahrif Crop Orissa is the first state to commence e-payment facility for government employees

Ecuador Granted Wikileaks Founder Julian Assange Political Asylum UP Roadways introduced Bus Service from Noida to Agra via Yamuna Expressway PMEAC pegged India’s Growth at 6.7 Percent in the Fiscal Year 2012-13 UN Security Council decided not to extend the UN Observer’s Mission in Syria Noted Indian Cinematographer Ashok Mehta passed away Rogelio Sierra Diaz, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of Cuba visited India Joint Statement on the First India-CELAC Troika Foreign Ministers Meeting Held

in New Delhi Prime Minister Shram Awards for year 2011 announced

IIFT GK Analysis -From 2007 to 2011

Sections covered : Questions and asked

1.India : Indian Culture (Festival and Fairs of State, Folk Dances- Questions has been asked), Constitution (the question which was asked in the paper was “name of the act was was provided and we have to answer from which countries constitution it was taken”- till date only one question has been asked on our constitution),Election , Geographical Border (question was with how many countries does india share its border name of the countries were given), State and Sex Ratio, State and Products (Question was Product name was given and States were arranged according the product production in large amount -identify the wrong pair), Indian Defence (Name of Person and his Rank -match the following ), National Park (Name of national park and in which state is situated), National Highway( Route No. and from which state it passes through-

Match the following ),State Governors (Governor of which state match the following), Sea Port (Questions asked were of two types- State having maximum no. of ports & name of port was given identify the state), SEZ (Questions asked were of two types – State having maximum no. of ports & Name of SEZ and state associated with it ), List of places under UNESCO –World Heritage (Name of the places were given and we have to answer on that particular year which was added on the list ) , Ministry and Public Programmes (question was which ministry started which program – Match the following), State and River , Mountain and Peaks (questions to find the peak that was not in India ), Indian Railway (Question was to match the Head-Quarter and Name of train were given we have to select the route)

2.World: Name of country, their capital, their president, currency , River flowing , their Parliament Name & Name of their Stock Exchange ( Questions were match the following type ), History of any particular country, New name of the Country (Question was to match their changed names with the old ones), Soubriquet and Primary Name, Treaties and Policies (Which country signed which treaty )

3.Business World : FDI (Question were for a particular month which country has the highest inflow in India, Sectorwise analysis of FDI), Name of Company- their CEO, originating country, Punchlines , their Products, Founder of the Company, Merger & Acquisitions (which company acquired which one or which company merged with which, Till date highest acquisitions ), Summits, Conference, Trades and Agreement (questions were either you have to find the members associated with it, new member involved , which country signed a deal with which country ), TV Channel and their Parent Company, Bank and its Policies (Indian Banks and question was on RBI), Basic Economic Terms and its meaning - Now this is one of the important sections you will find 3 to 4 questions every year .

4.Sports : Questions in this section were based on the following : Awards (Arjuna Awards etc.), Olympics (country and the year they held the Olympic), Tennis : Question was to find the pair of Sania Mirza with whom she won the tournament,Commonwealth Games and other questions which were asked was that event happened who was the winner or runner up – Kindly go through all the important events held this year and who was the winner , runner up , place where it was held etc., and any happening news for a particular year like this year in the news was Lance Amstrong – one to mention like this there will be some more go for it.

5.International Organizations : Questions were based on the organization their purpose, any particular scheme or events they lauched what was the purpose, Indentify the correct full form of the organization, their HQ , person who is the head of the agency (questions asked were not only on UNO and its Pricipal Organs but also on many Intergovernmental Organizations has been asked )- This section also has 3- 4 questions every year, questions asked are direct you can answer them easily.

6.Music and Films : Name of film directors , name of actor/ actress, From Music Section the question asked was in the year 2007 and it was that we have to identify the Raag and in which time they are being sung – peculiar question ; wheel was drawn and time with trhe name of the raag was given,we have to match the right combination)

7.Awards : Nobel Prize, Literary Awards (Sahitya Awards etc.), Dada Saheb Phalke Awards, Business Awards , Dara Sikoh award etc – One more award on which question can be asked is in the field of Journalism ie Ramnath Goenka Award.

8.Personality : Question was to identify the person and with his particular thing he is associated like Rahul Dravid is associated with which Bank etc., one more type of question asked was name of the person was given and we have to identify the false statement about that person.

9.Cartoon Character and Creator – asked only twice in 2007 and in 2011

10.Painter and Title of Creation : Only one one question asked in 2007 for eg. The Last Supper- Vinci

11.Science and Technology : Invention and Discoveries , Chemical Name of the Medicine, Some common words and its meaning, Name of scientific instrument and and their purpose, Space Mission name , Name of Disease.

Overall Observation : In GK section the number of question if increased then marks per question has been reduced .If you go through the paper starting from 2007 you will find that 2007 paper was the difficult one because it has asked questions from each and every sphere , paper of 2008 was difficult but not as 2007 , and from 2009 to 2011 GK paper was easy there were questions mostly from Business world and International Organization if you combine these two topics you wil get 7- 8 questions and which were direct no deep study is required simply you have to keep things in mind other doable questions were name of country and currency or river flowing 1-2 questions easy one . Now your work is to go through these section & find out the type of question that has not been asked because questions in coming years will be from these section only. The GK paper from last three years has been easy 12- 15 questions can be done easily & if you answer all the attempted questions correctly you will easily sail through even if Section –Cut off is there. So don’t worry ALL THE BEST

1) Which of the following State Governments has announced to launch the biggest ever door-to-door campaign for early detection of cancer?1. Punjab -2. Delhi

3. Haryana 4. West Bengal

2) The tunnel that connects the two monuments of historical importance- Amber Palace and Jaigarh Fort, has been inaugurated in which of the following cities of Rajasthan?

1. Udaipur 2. Jaipur -3. Jodhpur 4. Nagaur 3) The Shadman Chowk has been renamed as Bhagat Singh Chowk on the 105th birth anniversary. Shadman Chowk is located in which among the following cities?

1. Amritsar 2. Peshawar 3. Lahore -4. Patiala

Various Abbreviations in News in 2012

1. NCTC - National Counter-Terrorism Centre2. GAAR - General anti avoidance rule3. TCS -Tax Collection at Source4. DTAA – Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement5. TIEA – Tax Information exchange Agreement6 . EFSF – European Financial Stability Facility7. NPS – New Pension Scheme8. MMRCA – Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft9. DRDO - Defence Research and Development Organisation10. GSLV - Geo-Synchronous Launch Vehicle11. ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation12. EEFC - Exchange Earner's Foreign Currency13 . NDMA – National Disaster Management Authority14 . BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, Chinaand South Africa15. BASIC – Brazil, South Africa, India and China16. PPP – Public Private Partnership and Purchasing Power parity17. MTCR – Missile Technology ControlRegim18 . NSG – Nuclear Suppliers Group19 . IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency20. CEPA – Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement21. CECA - Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement22. FIPB – Foreign Investment Promotion board23. PSLV – Polar Satellite Launch vehicle24. ICBM – Inter-continental Ballistic missile

25 . CCEA – Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs26. IDF – Infrastructure Debt Fund27. CRIS – Comparative Rating Index for Sovereign28. GRAIL – Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory29. NCHER – National Commission for Higher Education and Research30. NCHRH - National Commission for Human Resources for Health31 . FII – Foreign Institutional Investor32 . DII – Domestic Institutional Investor33. GST – Goods and Services Tax34. DTC – Direct Tax Code35 . MPLADS – MP Local Area Development Scheme36 . FCNRA – Foreign Currency Non Resident account37. MFI - Micro Finance Institutions38. MFDC – Micro Finance Development Council39. TRAI - Telecom Regulatory Authority of India40. CIC - Central Information Commission41 . BCCI - Board of Control for Cricketin India42. SAARC - South-Asian Association for Regional Co-operation43. ASEAN – Association of South EastAsian Nation44 . TAPI - Turkmenistan-Aghanistan-Pakistan-India45 . NLD –National League for Democracy46. MSF – Marginal Standing Facility47 . MIRV - Multiple Independently Targetable Re-entry Vehicle48 . ECBs - External Commercial Borrowings49. NHRC - National Human Rights Commission50. NEFT - National Electronic Funds Transfer51 . RTGS - Real Time Gross Settlement52. NIA - National Investigation Agency53. S&P; - Standard and Poor’s

according to forbes-2011 report..top 10 earning dead celeb..1)Michael Jackson2)Elvis Presley---actor3)Marilyn Monroe--isse to saab jante honge..4)Charles Schulz--cartoonist5)John Lennon--musician--beatles...6)Elizabeth Taylor--actress7)Albert Einstein--amazed to see him in the list..8)Theodor Geisel--author9)Jimi Hendrix-musician10)Stieg Larsson—author

according to fortune global 500...no-1 in terms of revenue generation--Royal Dutch Shell--origin of Netherlandno-1 in terms of profit--Exxon Mobil..US multinational gas and oil company..

Fortunes 500 rates company in terms of annual revenue not annual profit..so 1)Royal Dutch Shell2)Exxon Mobil3)Wal-Mart(Always remember this company acquired no-1 position for maxm no of times in fortune global 500)

Indian Company89)Indian Oil99)Reliance Industries(1st Indian Private firm to come in top 100)225)Bharat Petrolium267)Hindustan Petrolium285)SBI314)tata motors357)ongc401)tata steel

8 indian company figured in fortune global 500

Always remember the diff b/w fortune 500 and fortune global 500first one is of a specific country and 2nd one global

10 most valuable IT compnay...released by Brand Finance..source--www.siliconindia.com/news/tech...

10)Wipro9)Cognizant8)Atos Origin7)Computer Services Corporation (CSC)6)Cap Gemini5)Infosys4)Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)...3)Accenture2)HP1)IBM

In terms of indian market...1)TCS2)Cognizant3)Infy4)Accenture5)Wipro6)Mahindra Satyam7)CSC

India's most valuable companies--BT500 ranking1)TCS..2)RIL3)ONGC4)Coal India5)ITC6)Infosys

world most powerful men-= obamawww.forbes.com/powerful-people...world most power ful women== angela merkel from germanywww.forbes.com/power-women/lis...

world's most powerful women of past century list..==www.time.com/time/specials/pac...

2 indian in this listIndira GandhiMother Teresa

for the 1st tym forbes is giving a list of world's most powerful women in buisness

1)Facebook COO-Sheryl Sandberg2)Indira Nooyi.

please go through this once..www.forbes.com/sites/jennagoud...

World's most power ful couples--1)Clintons2)Gateswww.forbes.com/sites/jennagoud...

Apple is the most valuable company in the histroy...surpassing Microsoft..www.forbes.com/sites/benzingai...

world university rankingwww.timeshighereducation.co.uk...for 2011-2012--1 indian university in top 350..IIT Bombayfor 2012-2013-- 3 indian university in top 350..IIT Bombay,IIT Kgp,IIT Roorkee..

no IIM's....

Largest, Smallest, Highest and Longest in India

Biggest Hotel Oberai-Sheraton on the Shore of the

Arabian Sea in South Bombay.

Highest Mountain Peak K2(8,611 meters)

Largest Populated City Mumbai

Longest River (Flow in India) Ganga (2510 Kilometers)

Highest Waterfall Gersoppa Waterfall, Karnataka, (830 feet)

Largest Lake Wular Lake, Kashmir

Longest Electric Railway Line Kolkata to Delhi

Longest State (area) Rajasthan (4,43,446 sq. kilometers)

Largest State (population) Uttar Pradesh (166,17, 921)-2001 census

Longest River Bridge Mahatama Gandhi Setu, Patna (5.75 kilometer Long)

Highest Gateway Buland Darwaja 54 meters (Fatehpur sikari, Agra)

Wettest place or heaviest rainfall

Masinram (Meghalaya)

Tallest Statue Statue of Gomateshwar, Karnataka (47 meters high)

Largest Tunnel Jawahar Tunnel (J & K State), 1½ kilometer., Banihal Pass)

Largest Museum Indian Museum, Kolkata

Densest population West Bengal (904 persons per sq. kilometers)

Largest Zoo Zoological Gardens, Alipur, Kolkata

Largest Forest State Asom

Largest Road Grand Trunk Road (2,400 kilometers)

Largest Delta Sunderban Delta (12,872 sq. kilometers)

Largest Cave Temple Ellora (Kailash Temples, Maharashtra)

Largest Cantilever Span Bridge Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)

Highest Tower Qutub Minar, Delhi

Largest Mosque Jama Masjid, Delhi

Highest Straight Gravity Dam Bhakra Dam

Smallest State (area) Goa

Smallest State (population) Sikkim

Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)

Largest man-made lake Govind Sagar (Bhakra)

Largest Corridor Rameshwaram Temple Corridor

Largest Animal Fair Sonepur Fair, Bihar

list of imp ceo-Deepak Parekh-HDFCAM Naik--L&T;KV Kamath-Infy(He was non executive chairman of ICICI bank)

Shashi Ruia-Essar GroupCyrus Mistry--Tata SonsNitin Paranjpe--HIndusta UniliverShiv Nadar--HCLVenu Srinivasan--TCS motors

life expectancy at birth..UN list(2010-2015) Expected after the Millenium Dev Goal1)Japan--83.52)Switzerland--82.53)Iceland,Spain,Sweden,IsraelAsutralia--82

India-66

Countries facts1)Most populous Country--China2)Least Populous country--Independent state with smallest population is Vetican city with a population of 832.3)Most Densly populated country--Monaco(39,547.8/sqmile)4)Most Sparsely populated country--Mangolia(5.2 person/sqmile)5)world comprises 195 soverreign states with 193 members of UN and 2 non membersChina(Taiwan) and Vatican City.6)In july 2011 south sudan broke away from the parent country Sudan to becaome a new nation and that was the 193rd member of UN.7)In total dere r 63 colonies at present 8)6 major disputed territories r dere...like Kashmir,Gaza Strip9)Major Nuclear Weapon capacity nations-USRussiaUKFrancsChinaIssarelIndiaPakistan

more facts1)largest countries--Russia2)smallest countries--State of Vatican Cities or Holy see3)Smallst Republic--Nauru,Central Pacific4)Largest City--Jiuquan5)Highest Capital--please anyone tell me this6)Most Populous Metro—Tokyo

5 most spoken language..1)Mandarin--12.4%2)Spanish--4.8%2)English--4.8%3)Arabic-3.3%4)HIndi/Bengali-2.7%

other indian languages r..Marathi and tamil--1%

% shows % of world population..

Highest peak in the world.

1.Mount Everest- 8,848mt, 29,029ft, Nepal/Tibet

2.K2-8,611mt, 28,251, Pakistan/China

3.Kanchenjunga- 8,586mt, 28,169ft, India/Nepal

4.Lhotse- 8,516mt, 27,940ft, Nepal/Tibet

5.Makalu- 8,485mt, 27,838, Nepal/Tibet

IMPORTANT BATTLES IN MEDIEVAL HISTORY OF INDIAYEAR BATTLE DISCRIPTION

1526 Babur invades India and defeats the last Lodi Sultan Ibrahim Lohi in the first Battle of Panipat.

1539-40

Battles of Chusa or Ghaghra (1539) and Kanauj or Ganges (1540) in which Sher Shah defeats Humayun.

1545 Battle (siege) of kalinjar and death of Sher Shah Suri.

1556 Second Battle of Panipat. Akbar defeats Hemu.

1565 Battle of Rakatakshasi-Tangadi (Talikota) in which the forces of the empire of Vijanagar under King Sadasiva Raya and his regent Rama Raya are routed by the confederate forces of the Deccani states of Bijapur, Golkonda, Ahmadnagar, and Bidar.

1576 Battle of Haldighati, Akbar defeats Rana Pratap of Mewar.

1632-33 Conquest of Ahmadnagar by Shah Jahan.

1658 Battles of Dharmat (April-May 1658) and Samugarh (June 8, 1658). Dara Shikoh, elest son of Shah Jahan, defeated by Aurangzeb.

1665 Shivaji defeated by Raja Jai Singh and Treaty of Purandhar.

1739 Invasion of India by Nadir Shah.

1746 First Carnatic War.

1748-54 Second Carnatic War.

1756-63 Third Carnatic War.

1757 Battle of Plassey. Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, defeated by Clive.

1760 Battle of Wandiwash, in which the English under Sir Eyre Coote defeated the French under Lally.

1762 Third Battle of Panipat. Marathas defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali.

1764 Battle of Buxar. The English (under Munro) defeated Mir Kasim, the Nawab of Bengal and Nawab Shuja-ud-daulah of Awadh.

1767-69 First Mysore War.

1774 The Rohilla War between the Rohillas and the Nawab of Awadh supported by the East India Company.

1775-82 First Maratha War

1780-82 Maratha War

1780-84 Second Mysore War

1792 Third Mysore War

1799 Fourth Mysore War, Defeat and death of Tipu Sultan

1802-04 Second Maratha War

1817-18 Third Maratha War

1845-46 first Sikh War

1846 Battle of Aliwal between the English and the Sikhs. The Sikhs were defeated.

1848-49 Second Sikh war and annexation of the Punjab to British India.

1857 The Revolt of 1857 (The First War of Indian Independence)

Adding furthermore6. Dhaulagiri - 81707. Nanga Parabat - 81308. Nanda Devi - 7820.

All above Mountains are situated in Asia. K2 is India's highest mountain peak, but it's situated in POK. Therefore, Kanchanjunga is the highest peak within India.

OA in bold:

Which of the following has been the 100th mission of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)?PSLV C-21 GSLV 8 PSLV C-15 RISAT 2) Which of the following players recently announced hid retirement from the Tennis?

Andy Murry Rafael Nadal Roger Federer Andy Roddick 3) Dr. Verghese Kurien is related with: Yellow Revolution Green Revolution Blue Revolution White Revolution 4) Which of the following countries is not a member of The Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC)? China Cambodia Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Myanmar 5) Which of the following countries is known as the ‘Rock of Polynesia’? Tonga New Zealand Nieu Samoa 6) Recently, a special court convicted 32 people, in infamous 2002 Naroda Patiya riots case. Naroda Patiya riots are related with: Punjab Maharashtra Gujarat Uttar Pradesh 7) What was India’s official rank in Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013 released on 5 September 2012 by the World Economic Forum? 59 60 61 62 8) Which of the following personalities has become the first person from Indian-American origin to serve as a parliamentarian for Democratic National Convention? Preeta Shah Indra Nooyi Kiran Majumdar Shaw Smita Shah 9) Recently Aditi Mukherjee won which of the following the prestigious award? Stockholm Water Prize Norman Borlaug Award

Pulitzer Prize Booker Prize 10) Recently, CIC Energy Corp of Canada was acquired by which of the following Indian companies? Tata Steel Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL) SAIL Bhushan Steels

Global Competitiveness ReportThe Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) is a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. The first report was released in 1979. The 2011–2012 report covers 142 major and emerging economies.[1]Since 2004, the Global Competitiveness Report ranks countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index, developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi.[2] Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey Sachs's Growth Development Index and the microeconomic ranks were based on Michael Porter's Business Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness Index integrates the macroeconomic and the micro/business aspects of competitiveness into a single index.Switzerland leads the ranking as the most competitive economy in the world, as the United States, which ranked first for several years, fell to fifth place due to the consequences of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and its macroeconomic instability.[3] China continues its relative rise in the rankings reaching 27th.The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens. This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity

Indias rank is 59th in 2012-2013 report..

The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Swiss non-profit foundation , based in Cologny, Geneva. It describes itself as an independent international organization committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic and other leaders of society to shape global, regional and industry agendas. The Forum is best known for its annual meeting in Davos, a mountain resort in Graubünden, in the eastern Alps region of Switzerland. The meeting brings together some 2,500 top business leaders, international political leaders, selected intellectuals and journalists to discuss the most

pressing issues facing the world, including health and the environment.The organisation also convenes some six to eight regional meetings each year in locations such as Latin America and East Asia, as well as undertaking two further annual meetings in China and the United Arab Emirates. Beside meetings, the foundation produces a series of research reports and engages its members in sector specific initiatives.[1]The 2011 annual meeting in Davos was held from 26 to 30 January. The 2012 meeting was held on 25–29 January 2012, with the theme "The Great Transformation: Shaping New Models

Global nutrition eventThe event is being organised by UK Prime Minister David Cameron to strengthen global efforts and to build political leadership and momentum to tackle malnutrition among children.

The event is proposed to lay down a challenge to the international community to raise the level of political commitment to create new kinds of partnerships and to develop new products and services that will enable in addressing this global scourge.

The Global meet will be a forum to generate new and innovative ideas to support countries that face malnutrition to develop their own solution to the problem of under nutrition.

This may be through technological innovation and scientific advances or through enhanced accountability and transparency.

The problem of malnutrition has been recognized by the UN.

A new global target to reduce the number of stunted children, caused due to under nutrition, by 40% by 2025 has been agreed to by the World Health Assembly.

The ‘Scaling Up Nutrition’ (SUN) movement to which 28 countries have signed already is developing a framework for monitoring progress of efforts to reduce stunting.

The G8 ‘New Alliance on Food and Nutrition Security’ is committed to supporting SUN in its efforts.

Stockholm Water PrizePresented annually since 1991, the Stockholm Water Prize[1] is a prestigious award that recognises outstanding achievements in water related activities. Over the past two decades, Stockholm Water Prize Laureates [2] have come from across the world and represented a wide-

range of professions, disciplines and activities in the field of water. The Stockholm Water Prize Laureate is announced each 22 March at the UN World Day for Water and honoured each August during the World Water Week in Stockholm at a Royal Prize Ceremony and Banquet in the Stockholm City Hall.

Past winner:2012:International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka “The International Water Management Institute is the foremost organisation in agricultural water management. Their work has led to new policies and investments in agriculture that have not only enabled more productive use of water, but have enhanced food security, economic development and environmental health around the world.”2011:Stephen R. Carpenter, United States "Professor Carpenter has shown outstanding leadership in setting the ecological research agenda, integrating it into a socio-ecological context, and in providing guidance for the management of aquatic resources".2010: Professor Rita R. Colwell, United States "Dr Rita Colwell’s numerous contributions towards solving the world’s water and water-related public health problems, particularly her work to prevent the spread of cholera, is of utmost global importance. Through her research on its physiology, ecology, and metabolism, Dr Colwell advanced the fields of mathematics, genetics and remote sensing technology and not only as they relate to these bacteria but to the prevention other diseases in many developing countries."2009: Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak, founder of Sulabh InternationalFor his wide ranging work in the sanitation field to improve public health, advance social progress, and improve human rights in India and other countries. His accomplishments span the fields of sanitation technology, social enterprise, and healthcare education for millions of people in his native country, serving as a model for NGO agencies and public health initiatives around the world.

BRICS Summit 2012The 2012 BRICS summit was the fourth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The summit was held at at Taj Mahal Hotel [1] in New Delhi, India on 29 March 2012[2] and began at 10:00 Indian Standard Time.[3] This is the first time that India has hosted a BRICS summit.[4] The theme of the summit was "BRICS Partnership for Global Stability, Security and ProsperityLogoPreparations for the summit began with the announcement from the Ministry of External Affairs, India about a competition to choose the official logo for the meeting. The logo was expected to "bring out the essence of this grouping of countries, which has received unprecedented global attention in recent years and now occupies a prominent space in the global political and economic landscape." A specially-constituted jury announced the winning design on 10 February 2012 as the submission of Sonesh Jain, an architecture student of the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. The logo is a symbolic

representation of a peacock with "colours suggesting resurgence and renewal".[5] Officials also commented that the BRICS logo drew inspiration from the lotus in addition to the peacock.[6]The logo caused controversy regarding its similarity to that of the National Broadcasting Corporation. The Ministry of External Affairs said that there should have been a more careful selection process, but defended the logo by saying that there were more differences than similarities

Follows South Africa summit, 2013 Precedes Sanya summit, 2011

NAM Summit 2012Historical BackgroundNon-Aligned Movement was formed in an attempt not to take sides during the Cold War,[11] it has sought to seek a new direction since the fall of the Soviet Union. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, a founding member, its membership was suspended [12] in 1992 at the regular ministerial meeting held in New York during the regular annual session of the United Nations General Assembly.As of August 2012, the organisation consists of 120 member states, including the non-UN member state of Palestine, and 21 other observer countries.[9] The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations' members and contain 55% of the world's population

2012 Meeting-

The 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was held from 26 to 31 August 2012 in Tehran, Iran. The summit was attended by leaders of 120 countries,[3] including 24 presidents, 3 kings, 8 prime ministers and 50 foreign ministers.[4]The summit's framework was the "Final Document" adopted during the Ministerial Meeting of the Non-Aligned Movement Coordinating Bureau which was held inSharm el-Sheikh, Egypt from 7 to 10 May.[5]The Foreign Ministry also said that the agenda would primarily consist of issues pertaining tonuclear disarmament,human rightsand regional issues. Iran also intended to draw up a new peace resolution aiming to resolve theSyrian civil war

The summit was scheduled to be held at Kish Island but it was transferred to Tehran in 2010

India is also an active member of NAM.

Earth Summit-2012The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio Summit, Rio Conference, Earth Summit (Portuguese: Eco '92) was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 June to 14 June 1992.In 2012, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development was also held in Rio, and is also commonly called Rio+20 or Rio Earth Summit 2012. was held June 20-22nd.255 governments participated, with 144 sending their heads of state or government.[1] Some 2,400 representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) attended, with 17,000 people at the parallel NGO "Global Forum" (a.k.a. Forum Global), who had Consultative Status.

SAARCThe South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organisation of South Asian nations, which was established on 8 December 1985 when the government of Bangladesh , Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka formally adopted its charter providing for the promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the South Asia region and also for friendship and cooperation with other developing countries. It is dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined the organization in 2007. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal

The Republic of Maldives, declared “Building Bridges” as the theme for the Seventeenth SAARC Summit to be held in Addu Atoll of the island nation on 10-11 November this year.(2011)Next meeting --2013—Nepal

Fact File---ISROEstablished in 1969, ISRO superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR). Headquartered in Bangalore, ISRO is under the administrative control of the Department of Space, Government of India.

1st launch--Aryabhata(with soviet Help)(1975)1st launch with Indian-made launch vechile--SLV-3(1980)Chandrayaan-1, India’s first mission to the MoonDr Vikram Sarabhai, considered the father of Indian Space Programme

ISRO's PSLV C21 rocket successfully blasted off into space on its 100th mission on a cloudy Sunday morning. Administrator K. Radhakrishnan, ChairmanMotto Space technology in the service of human kind.

launch stationThumba--Indian Space Programme began at Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) located at Thumba near Thiruvanathapuram.The geomagnetic equator of the earth passes over Thumba

84th Academy Awards(Oscars)

For the first time since 1929 a silent black&white; thematic movie won oscars.in 1929 it was won by Wings and in 2012-The Artist.

Highest Nominations-Hugo(11)Maxm no of Awards--The Atrist & Hogu(5-5 each)

Best Director--Michel Hazanavicius – The ArtistBest Picture--The Artist – Thomas LangmannBest Actor--Jean Dujardin – The ArtistBest Actress--Meryl Streep – The Iron LadyBest Foreign Language Film--A Separation (Iran) in Persian – Asghar Farhadi

some historic facts--Most awards won by a manWalt Disney won 22 Oscars (22 competitive, 4 honorary). He also won the most Oscars in one year, with 4.

Most awards won by a womanSheila Nevins, HBO President and Documentary Producer, won 9 Oscars

Most awards won by a single filmThree films won 11 Academy Awards. They are:Ben-Hur (1959)Titanic (1997)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)Most nominations received by a single filmTwo films received 14 nominations. They are:

All About Eve (1950)Titanic (1997)Highest Sweep (Winning every nominated category)The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) won all 11 categories for which it was nominated: Picture, Director, Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing, Art Direction, Makeup, Costume Design, Film Editing, Visual Effects

AIMA-2012 AWARDSAwards hav been categorised as 'Managing India Awards 2012'. Award getters are known faces in the Indian Business Environment.Prathap C Reddy, executive chairman (Apollo Group) was awarded with Life Time Achievement Award.Aditya Birla Group was given the 'Indian Multinational of the Year' Awrad.Nita M Ambani, chairperson of Reliance Foundation recieved the 'Corporate Citizen of the Year' Award.

Lo me bhi aa gaya ...Classical Dance of India and states associated Bharat Natyam=Tamil Nadu Bihu=Assam Bhangra =Punjab Chhau =Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand Garhwali= Uttaranchal Garba= Gujarat Hattari= Karnataka Kathak =North India (Originated in uP)Kathakali= Kerala Kutchipudi= Andhra Pradesh Khantumm =Mizoram Karma= Madhya Pradesh Laho= Meghalaya Mohiniattam =Kerala Mando= Goa Manipuri= Manipur Nati= Himachal Pradesh Nat-Natin= Bihar Odissi =Orissa Rauf=Jammu & Kashmir Yakshagan =Karnataka

Folk Dances....Maharashtra =Kathakeertan, Lezin, Dandaniya, Tamasha, Gafa, Dahikala, Lovani, Mauni, Dasavtar.

Karnataka =Huttari, Suggi Kunitha, Yakashagana

Kerala =Kaikottikali, Kaliyattam, Tappatikkali

Tamil Nadu =Kolattam, Pinnal Kolattam, Kummi, Kavadi, Karagam

Andhra Pradesh= Ghanta Mardala, Veedhi Natakam, Burrakatha

Orissa =Ghumara Sanchar, Chadya Dandanata, Chhau

West Bengal =Kathi, Chhau, Baul, Kirtan, Jatra, Lama

Assam =Bihu, Khel Gopal, Rash Lila, Tabal Chongli, Canoe

Punjab =Giddha (women), Bhangra (men)

J&K; =Rauf, Hikat

Himachal Pradesh =Jhora, Jhali, Dangli, Mahasu, Jadda, Jhainta, Chharhi

Haryana =Jhumar, Ras Leela, Phag dance, Daph, Dhamal, Loor, Gugga, Khoria, Gagor

Gujarat =Garba, Dandiya Rass, Tippani, Gomph

Rajasthan= Ginad, Chakri, Gangore, Terahtaal, Khayal, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini

Bihar =Jata Jatin, Jadur, Chhau, Kathaputli, Bakho, Jhijhiya, Samochakwa, Karma, Jatra, Natna

Got a question on flute instrumentalists in CMAT..so here goes...Some famous Instrumentalists Sarod =Ali Akbar Khan, Allaudin Khan, Amjad Ali Khan, Buddhadev Dasgupta, Bahadur Khan, Sharan Rani, Zarin S. Sharma

Tabla= Alla Rakha Khan, Kishan Maharaj, Nikhil Ghosh, Zakir Hussain

Violin= Baluswamy Dikshitar, Gajanan Rao Joshi, Lalgudi G. Jayaraman, M. S. Gopala krishnan, Mysore T. Chowdiah, T. N. Krishnan

Shehnai =Bismillah Khan

Sitar= Nikhil Banerjee, Ravi Shankar, Vilayat Khan, Hara Shankar Bhattacharya

Flute= Hari Prasad Chaurasia, Pannalal Ghose, T. R. Mahalingam

Veena =K. R. Kumaraswamy lyer, Doraiswami lyengar

OSCARs:

2010 Best Picture The Hurt Locker 2011 Best Picture The King's Speech 2010 Best Actor Jeff Bridges 2011 Best Actor Colin Firth 2010 Best Director Kathryn Bigelow 2011 Best Director Tom Hooper 2010 Best Actress Sandra Bullock 2011 Best Actress Natalie Portman 2010 Best Foreign Film The secret in their eyes (Argentina) 2011 Best Foreign Film In a better world (Denmark) 2010 Original Screenplay Mark Boal (The Hurt Locker) 2011 Original Screenplay David Seidler (The King's Speech)

Ab Olympics...Olympic Ring And Representing ContinentsActually these ring doesn't represent any single continent, According to IOC (International Olympic committee) these rings represents union of the five continents. ( Reference wiki.answers.com/Q/What_do_the... )

The five rings colorwise represent....

blue = Europe

yellow= Asia

black = Africa

green = Australia

red = America

who is the father of Modern Olympics ?answer: Baron Pierre de Coubertin (these rings are also designed by Pierre de Coubertin)

Who is the creator of Olympic motto "Swifter, Higher, Stronger" ?answer: Henri Didon

* When did India first participated in Olympics ?Answer: 1900 (Paris Olympics)

* When did India Officially participated in Olympics ?Answer: 1920

* Who is the First Indian to win an individual Olympic medal after independence ?Answer: K.D Yadav (1952, Helsinki)

* Who is the First Indian woman to reach Semifinal in Olympics ?Answer: Shiny Wilson

* Who is the First Indian woman to reach Final in Olympics ?Answer: P.T Usha

* Who is the First Indian woman to win a Medal in Olympics ?Answer: Karnam Malleswari (Bronze, 2000 Sydney)

The G20, which includes both developed and emerging economies, closely reflects two current trends that are transforming international relations:1) the increasing influence of emerging economies on political and economic affairs and 2) the need to find innovative forms of cooperation to meet new global challenges that require collective responses.

The G20 includes 19 countries and The European Union:

United States United Kingdom Canada Argentina FranceItaly AustraliaGermany Mexico Turkey Brazil Russia India China South Africa JapanIndonesia Saudi Arabia Republic of Korea The European Union

The Group of Eight (G8) is a forum for the governments of eight of the world's largest economies. (It excludes, however, two of the actual eight largest economies by nominal GDP: China, 2nd, and Brazil, 6th). The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of Six or G6. The summit became known as the Group of Seven or G7 the following year with the addition of Canada. In 1997, Russia was added to group which then became known as the G8. The European Union is represented within the G8 but cannot host or chair summits.The most recent G8 meeting was the 38th G8 summit .

In short...members of G8 are..FranceGermanyItalyJapanUKUSACanada

Russia

Leader of the Euro Crises Nations...(A constant question type nowadays)

Countries with PresidentsRussia=Vladimir PutinGreece=Karolos PapouliasPortugalAníbal Cavaco SilvaFrance=François Hollande(after Nicolas Sarkozy after 15 may 2012)Ireland=Michael D. HigginsIceland=Ólafur Ragnar GrímssonLatvia=Andris BērziņšUkraine=Viktor Yanukovych

Countries with Prime MinistersBelgium=Elio Di RupoUnited Kingdom=David CameronSpain=Mariano RajoyHungary=Viktor Orbán

Nobel Prize..some random facts from my books...

Nobel First awarded in 1901, five years after Alfred Nobel's death.Sixth subject, economics, added in 1969.

Linus Carl Pauling (1901-1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1954 and the Nobel Peace Prize for 1962. He is the only individual to receive two unshared Nobel awards.

John Bardeen (1908 – 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, the only person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 and again in 1972

Lawrence Bragg was 25 years old when he was awarded the Nobel Prize. Bragg is not only the youngest Physics Laureate, he is also the youngest Nobel Laureate in any Nobel Prize area.

PIGS NationsPIGS is an acronym that refers to the economies of Portugal, Greece, Spain, and either or both Ireland and Italy. The economies of United Kingdom (as Great Britain)and Iceland are also

included in variants.First coined in the mid-1990s, the term originally referred to the southern European economies of Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain. During the European sovereign-debt crisis in 2009, the term was popularised as a label for heavily-indebted economies, perceived as having been the impetus for the crisis. In this sense, the term sometimes included Ireland in place of Italy, or both in the acronym PIIGS.

Some news and economic organisations have limited or banned use of the term because of criticism regarding perceived offensive connotations.The term has been used since at least the mid-1990s[11] as an epithet referring to Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain noted for similar economic environments. The term became popularized by the wider media during the European sovereign debt crisis, including alternatives such as Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain (PIGS) and Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain (PIIGS).Italy was initially excluded from PIGS, in the debt crisis sense of the acronym, because the crisis had yet to spread to Italy at the time.

The term was denounced as pejorative by the Portuguese Finance Minister in 2008 and, some organisations, notably the Financial Times (FT) and Barclays Capital, have restricted or banned the term. Some members of the international economic press continue to use the pejorative term.

Variants:With the onset of the European sovereign debt crisis in 2009, several variations appeared. When rendered as PIIGS some commentators added the additional I to include Ireland, or the I, which originally referred to Italy, was used for Ireland. Other forms in use were GIPS,, GIPSI, GIIPS and a three-i variant PIIIGS, where the third I represents Iceland.Another variant, PIIGGS, included the United Kingdom (Great Britain).

Madam Marie Curie--Nobel Prize in 1903 and 1911...one in physics and one in chemistry

Punchlines of Famous Companies Punchlines

L&T; - We Make the Things that Make India Proud LG - Digitally Yours Sify - Making the Internet work for you

Voltas - ACs with IQ Alcatel - Architect of an Internat World Cathy Pacific Airlines - The Heart of Asia MS Office 97 - Work Less, Do More Hyundai - Drive Your Way Canon - Delighting You Always Philips - Sense & Simplicity The Economic Times - The Power of Knowledge Cell One - The One for Everyone Cantabill - International Clothing Business World - Play the Game Dolphin - The Affordable Network Service SBI - With You all the Way Amway - Better Ideas-Better Life Omega - The Sign of Excellance Jaguar - Dont Dream it, Drive it Honda - The Power of Dreams MTNL - Transparency makes us Different SOTC - You Look the World, We Look After You ABN AMRO - Making More Possible Business Today - For managing Tomarrow Nokia - Connecting People Wipro - Applying Thought Air France - Making the Sky the best place on Earth Air Lufthansa - There's no Better Way to Fly Toyota - Touch the Perfection Jet Airways - The Joy of Flying ITC - Enduring Value IFFCO TOKIO - The Life You Desire Microsoft - Your Potential, Your Passion Epson - Exceed Your Vision Park Avenue - Play the Lead British Airways - The World is Waiting DIGJAM - Dressing the World Chevrolet - For a Special Journey called Life CNN - Be the First to Know MICO-BOSCH - The Power of We Sun Microsystem - The Network is the Computer TATA Indicom - Business Without Limits Amkette - When Reliability Matters Dell - Easy to Buy, Easy to Own Motorola - Intelligence Everywhere

ICICI Bank - KV kamath - Hum Hai Na Compaq - Ban jaaye baat Hyundai Santro - The complete family car IBM ThinkPad----- " I think, therefore IBM"---- Adidas ------ " Forever Sport"----- American Express ---- "Don't leave home without it" Birla Mutual Fund ----- "The name inspires Trust" ----- kingfisher - vijay mallaya - king of good times TCS --- S ramadorai --- Beyond the obvious Wipro---Azim Premji-----Applying thought Infosys---Nandan M. Nilekani-----Driven by intellect,powered by values 1. FORD – Built for the Road Ahead2. GM – Only GM.3. DAIMLER CHRYSLER – The Future of Automobile4. BMW – The Ultimate Driving Machine5. AUDI – Vorsprung Durch Technik6. TOYOTA - Touch The Perfection7. HYUNDAI - Drive Your Way9. HONDA - The Power of Dreams10. SKODA – Obsessed with Quality since 1897.11. VOLKSWAGEN - Drivers wanted12. FIAT - Driven by Passion. FIAT13. JAGUAR - Born to Perform14. LEXUS – The Pursuit of Perfection15. TATA MOTORS – Even More Car per Car1. Microsoft - Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our Passion2. Windows XP - Do More with Less3. HP - Invent ; Everything is Possible4. Computer Associates - The software that powers the E Business5. CSC - Experience. Results. 6. Accenture - High Performance. Delivered7. IBM - ON DEMAND8. LENOVO - We are building a new technology company.9. Apple Macintosh - Think Different.10. TCS - Beyond the Obvious11. Infosys - Powered by Intellect, Driven by Values; Improve your odds with Infosys Predictability12. WIPRO - Applying Thought13. EMC - Where Information Lives.14. Adobe - Simplicity at work. Better by adobe.15. Have You Met Life Today - Metropolitan Life Insurance Company or Metlife. 2. The Power on your side - Allianz Group3. Growing and Protecting your wealth - Prudential Insurance Company

4.We know Money - AIG or American International Group Insurance Company5.Trust thy name is ------- (The fill in the blank itself is the name of the organization) - LIC6. Be Life Confident - AXA UK7. You are in good hands - Allstate Insurance Company8. Your Partner for life - Max NewYork Life Insurance9. Positively Different. - Standard Insurance Company Limited.2. Macromedia - What the web can be.3. 1. India's International Bank -- Bank of Baroda2. Good People to Bank with -- Union Bank of India3. Higher Standards -- Bank of America4. You and Us -- UBS5. The Citi Never Sleeps -- CITIGROUP or CITIBANK6. Where Vision Gets Built -- Lehman Brothers7. The World's Local Bank -- HSBC8. A Passion to Perform -- Deutsche Bank9. Making More Possible -- ABN AMRO Bank4. 1. The Magazine of the Corporate World - BUSINESS INDIA2. For Managing Tomorrow - BUSINESS TODAY3. Intelligent Computing - CHIP4. Your Technology Navigator - DIGIT5. Play the Game - BUSINESS WORLD6. Journalism of Courage - The Indian EXPRESS7. The Power of Knowledge - THE ECONOMIC TIMES8. The Name India trusts for News - HINDUSTAN TIMES9. Read a Bestseller everyday - THE DAILY TELEGRAPH5. MRF - Tyres with MuscleCEAT - Born ToughEBAY - The World's Online Market PlaceAMAZON.COM - Earth's Biggest BookStoreTIMESJOBS.COM - If you have a reason, we have the jobBLOGGER.COM - Push Button PublishingMicrosoft - Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our PassionWindows XP - Do More with LessHP-Invent - Everything is PossibleAccenture - High Performance. DeliveredIBM - ON DEMANDLENOVO - We are building a new technology company.Apple Macintosh - Think Different.TCS - Beyond the ObviousInfosys - Powered by Intellect, Driven by Values; Improve your odds with Infosys PredictabilityWIPRO - Applying ThoughtAdobe - Simplicity at work. Better by adobe.

Macromedia - What the web can be.FORD – Built for the Road AheadGM – Only GM.BMW – The Ultimate Driving MachineTOYOTA - Touch The PerfectionHYUNDAI - Drive Your WayHONDA - The Power of DreamsSKODA – Obsessed with Quality since 1897.VOLKSWAGEN - Drivers wantedFIAT - Driven by Passion. FIATTATA MOTORS – Even More Car per CarIBM - I think, therefore IBM.Dell - Easy as DELL.Intel - Intel inside.LEE - The jeans that built AmericaMaster card - There are some things money can't buy. For everything else there's MASTERCARD.Kotak - Think Investments. Think Kotak.Sun Microsystems - The Network is the ComputerErnst and Young - Quality in Everything we DoBarclays - Fluent in Finance; Its our business to know your businessStandard Chartered Bank - Your Right PartnerCNBC - Profit from itAT&T; - The World's Networking CompanyMonster.com - Never SettleJet Airways - The Joy of FlyingLufthansa - There's no better to flyBritish airways - The Way to Fly.Air Canada - A breath of Fresh AirSahara - Emotionally yours.Malaysian Airlines - Going Beyond ExpectationsKingfisher Airlines - Fly the good timesExxon Mobil - Taking on the World’s Toughest Energy ChallengesChevron Corporation - Human EnergyReliance industries Limited - Growth is LifeBritish Petroleum - Beyond PetroleumONGC - Making Tomorrow BrighterIOCL - Bringing Energy to LifeBPCL - Pure for SureIBP - Pure bhi. Poora bhiGAIL - Gas and BeyondEssar corp - A positive a++itudeSpeed - High Performance Petrol

Servo - 100 % Performance. Everytime.NDTV Profit - News you can Use.Toyota Innova - All you Desire.Star Sports - We know your game1. L&T; - We Make the Things that Make India Proud 2. LG - Digitally Yours 3. Sify - Making the Internet work for you 4. Voltas - ACs with IQ 5. Alcatel - Architect of an Internat World 6. Cathy Pacific Airlines - The Heart of Asia 7. MS Office 97 - Work Less, Do More 8. Hyundai - Drive Your Way 9. Canon - Delighting You Always 10. Philips - Sense & Simplicity 11. The Economic Times - The Power of Knowledge 12. Cell One - The One for Everyone 13. Cantabill - International Clothing 14. Business World - Play the Game 15. Dolphin - The Affordable Network Service 16. SBI - With You all the Way 17. Amway - Better Ideas-Better Life 18. Omega - The Sign of Excellance 19. Jaguar - Dont Dream it, Drive it 20. Honda - The Power of Dreams 21. MTNL - Transparency makes us Different 22. SOTC - You Look the World, We Look After You 23. ABN AMRO - Making More Possible 24. Business Today - For managing Tomarrow 25. Nokia - Connecting People 26. Wipro - Applying Thought 27. Air France - Making the Sky the best place on Earth 28. Air Lufthansa - There's no Better Way to Fly 29. Toyota - Touch the Perfection 30. Jet Airways - The Joy of Flying 31. ITC - Enduring Value 32. IFFCO TOKIO - The Life You Desire 33. Microsoft - Your Potential, Your Passion 34. Epson - Exceed Your Vision 35. Park Avenue - Play the Lead 36. British Airways - The World is Waiting 37. DIGJAM - Dressing the World 38. Chevrolet - For a Special Journey called Life

39. CNN - Be the First to Know 40. MICO-BOSCH - The Power of We 41. Sun Microsystem - The Network is the Computer 42. TATA Indicom - Business Without Limits 43. Amkette - When Reliability Matters 44. Dell - Easy to Buy, Easy to Own 45. Motorola - Intelligence Everywhere6. . Like. No. Other. - SONY2. Everyone's Invited or Its hard to Imagine - SAMSUNG3. Life's Good - LG4. The Indian Multinational - VIDEOCON5. Born in Japan Entertaining The World - SANSUI6. Inspired Living - HAIER7. Sense and Simplicity - PHILLIPS8. The Perfect Experience - JVC9. Choose Freedom - TOSHIBAAMAZON.COM - Earth’s Biggest BookStoreTIMESJOBS.COM - If you have a reason, we have the job -BLOGGER.COM - Push Button PublishingMRF - Tyres with MuscleCEAT - Born ToughEBAY - The World’s Online Market PlaceMicrosoft - Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our PassionWindows XP - Do More with LessHP-Invent - Everything is [...]1. Microsoft - Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our Passion2. Windows XP - Do More with Less3. HP - Invent ; Everything is Possible4. Computer Associates - The software that powers the E Business5. CSC - Experience. Results. 6. Accenture - High Performance. Delivered7. IBM - ON DEMAND8. LENOVO - We are building a new technology company.9. Apple Macintosh - Think Different.10. TCS - Beyond the Obvious11. Infosys - Powered by Intellect, Driven by Values; Improve your odds with Infosys Predictability12. WIPRO - Applying Thought13. EMC - Where Information Lives.14. Adobe - Simplicity at work. Better by adobe.15. Macromedia - What the web can be.

Olympics INDIA

Bronze NEHWAL Saina 2012 London Badminton Women's Single Bronze DUTT Yogeshwar 2012 London Wrestling Men's 60kg Freestyle Bronze HMANGTE Chungneijang Mery Kom 2012 London Boxing Women's Fly (51kg) Bronze NARANG Gagan 2012 London Shooting Men's 10m Air Rifle Silver KUMAR Vijay 2012 London Shooting Men's 25m Rapid Fire Pistol Silver Sushil Kumar 2012 London Wrestling Men's 66kg Freestyle Silver HOSANAGARA NAGARAJEGOWDA Girisha 2012 Paraolympics Athletics Men's High Jump - F42

Latest who’s who in India and World

Jim Yong Kim —President, World Bank.Obiageli Katryn Ezekwesili —Vice-President, Africa World Bank.Christine Lagarde (France) —Managing-Director, IMF.Ban Ki-Moon —General -Secretary, UNO.Haruhiko Kuroda —President, Asian Development Bank.Prema Cariappa —Chairperson, Central Social Welfare Board.Nimish C. Tolia —President, Hindustan Chamber of Commerce.Vijai L. Kelkar —Chairman, 13th Finance CommissionAmartya Sen —Human Development Advisor, UNDP.A. K. Upadhyay —Chairman, National Highway Authority of India.K. J. Udeshi —First Lady Deputy Governor of RBI.Ashok Kumar Lahiri —Executive Director in ADBP. L. Punia —Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled CastesU. K. Sinha —Chairman, SEBI.S. K. Goel —Chairman, Central Board of Excise and Custom (CBEC).Laxman Das —Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).S. P. Gaur —Chairman, Island Waterways Authority of India.Sanjeev Batra —Chairman and Managing Director, Mineral and Metals TradingCorporation (MMTC).Montek Singh Ahluwalia — Deputy Chairman, Indian Planning Commission.V. P. Agrawal —Chairman, Indian Airports Authority (IAA).P. V. Narsimgham —President, Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI).Arvind Virmani —Executive-Director in World Bank (from India)Siddharth Tiwari —Secretary IMF.V. P. Baligar —Chairman and M.D., HUDCO.Herman Van Rompuy —President, European UnionPascal Lamy —Director-General, WTO.

K. M. Chandra Shekhar —Indian Ambassador to WTO.Dr. D. Subbarao —Governor RBI.Nagesh Alai —President, Advertising Agencies Association of India (AAAI).J. Harinarayan —Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development AuthorityArup Rai Chaudhary —Chairman and CMD National Thermal Power CorporationSushma Nath —First Indian Lady Finance Secretary.Satyanand Mishra —Chief Information Commissioner.Ms. Shanta Sinha —Chairman, National Child Rights Commission.B. C. Tripathi —Chairman, GAIL.S. Roy Choudhury —Chairman and CMD, HPCL.A. B. L. Srivastava —CMD, National Hydro Power Corporation.Vinay Mittal —Chairman, Railway BoardS. Narasing Rao — Chairman-cum-Managing Director, Coal India Ltd.Sushil Muhnot —Chairman, SIDBI.Prakash Bakshi —CMD, NABARD.N. P. Patel —Chairman, IFFCO (Indian Farmer’s Fertilizer Cooperative Ltd.)Yogesh Agrawal —Chairman PFRDARajendra Pawar —Chairman, NASSCOM (2011-12).Lalit K. Panwar —CMD, Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC)Sriraj Hussain —CMD, Food Corporation of IndiaChandra Shekhar Verma —Chairman, SAILMamta Sharma — Chairperson, National Women Commission.C. Rangrajan —Chairman, Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Committee.D. K. Mehrotra —Chairman, LIC.Yogesh Lohia — Chairman, General Insurance Company.N. S. R. Chandra Prasad —CMD, National Insurance Company.G. Srinivasan —Chairman, United India Insurance Company.M. Ramadoss —Chairman, Oriental Insurance Company.R. K. Upadhyay —Chairman and CMD Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.R. V. Verma —Chairman, Asia Pacific Union for Housing Finance.Reeta Menon —CMD, India Trade Promotion Organisation.M. Rafeeq Ahmed —President, Federation of Indian Exporters Organisation (FIEO).Mangoo Singh —MD, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.Srivardhan Goyanka — President, Indian Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 2011-12.Hari S. Bharatia —Chairman, C.I.I.Arvind Pradhan —Director-General, Indian Merchant Chamber (IMC)Rajesh Lilothia —Chairman, SC/ST Welfare Board.Pramod Dev —President Central Electricity Regulatory CommissionAditya Puri —MD, HDFC.Raj Kumar Dhoot —President, ASSOCHAMRahul Khullar —Chairman, TRAIR. V. Kanoria —President, FICCI

Rajeev Kumar —General-Secretary, FICCI.Jacques Diouf —Director-General, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).S. Krishnan —Chairman, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulation Board.Sandid Somany —President, PHDCCINandan Nilekani —Chairman Unique Identification Authority of India.M. D. Malya — President, Indian Banks Association.Rohit Nandan —Chairman and Managing-Director, Air India Ltd.Pratip Chowdhary —CMD, State Bank Group.Ajit Parsayat —Chairman, Competition Appellate Tribunal.Ashok Chawla —Chairman, Competition Commission of India (CCI).Dr. Bijendra Singh — Chairman, National Agricultural Federation Cooperative Marketing(NAFED).

GovernorsStateGovernorAndhra Pradesh Shri E.S Lakshmi Narasimhan Arunachal Pradesh General (Rtd.) J.J. Singh Assam Shri Janaki Ballav Pattanaik Bihar Shri Devanand Konwar Chhattisgarh Shri Shekhar Dutt Goa Dr. Shivinder Singh Sidhu Gujarat Dr. Kamla Beniwal Haryana Shri Jagannath Pahadia Himachal Pradesh Smt. Urmila Singh Jammu and Kashmir Shri N. N. Vohra Jharkhand Shri M.O.H Farook Karnataka Shri H.R. Bhardwaj Kerala Shri R.S. Gavai Madhya Pradesh Shri Rameshwar Thakur Maharashtra Shri Kateekal Sankaranarayanan Manipur Shri Gurbachan Jagat Meghalaya Shri Ranjit Shekhar Mooshahary Mizoram Lt. Gen. (Retd.) M.M. Lakhera, PVSM,AVSM,VSM Nagaland Shri. Nikhil Kumar Orissa Shri Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare Punjab Shri Shivraj Patil Rajasthan Shri Shivraj Patil, Governor of Punjab Sikkim Shri Balmiki Prasad Singh Tamil Nadu Shri Surjit Singh Barnala Tripura Shri Dnyandeo Yashwantrao Patil

Uttar Pradesh Shri B.L. Joshi Uttarakhand Smt. Margaret Alva West Bengal Shri M.K. Narayanan

olympics mein apart from India 2-3 baat ki imp hai

1)1st medal was won by a chinese shooter2)This is the first olympics in the history of mankind in which men and women participated in each and every event.3)Women Boxing was added for the first time.4)Most expensive olympics5)For the first time in modern hisrory Russia was not in top-3 of medal table..it was on no-4

GK buzz 1

Which Asian currency takes its name from Spanish word for: “Royal”?Riyal

Who among these has created: Dilbert?Scott Adams

With which controversial Internet entity would you associate: Kim DotcomMega Upload. Com

Which of these projects was codenamed: Emeral Sea?Google+

When the Election commissioners are counting votes, they sometimes refere to some votes as “D” votes, what do these “D” votes mean?Doubtful vote

With whom would you associate mountaineering?Bachendri Pal

The citizens of which country are protesting as – Indignados, due to the bad state of economy there?Spain

What among these was created by Prof. Klaus Schwaab by the money he received from the Dan David PriZe?World Social Forum

Who among these would you associate with the sedition cartoons?Aseem Trivedi

“The Man who made Elephant Dance”, is the audio book version of who’s autobiography?Veghese Kurien

Which of these tech entrepreneurs gave the slogan: Stay Hungry Stay foolishSteve Jobs

Antony Jenkins is associated with which of these banks?Barclays

Which of these cricketers has signed a contract of 200 Cr. Rs. With Rhiti Sports?Mahendra singh Dhoni

Which of these agencies has bought 51% Stake in Taproot an Indian agency?Dentsu

Which Company has recently tied up with the National Association of the Blind to employ blind people in their call centers?Vodafone

Attendees of which conference are called: Sherpas?G-20

DVORAK is a type of:Keyboard pattern

Who among these is on the Pakistani currency note?Mohd. Ali Jinnah

The G-20 Conference was held at ___ in June 2012Mexico

What to do we mean by HIBOR?Hong Kong Inter bank offer rate

Which of the following act completed 5- years in 2012?1)Income Tax (*Ans*2)Customs act 3)Right to Education 4)Right to information

The sculpture called: Orbit, designed by Anish Kapoor is at Olympic park, which co. does the structure belong to?Arcelor Mittal

“I too had a dream” is the Autobiography of which eminent personality?Verghese Kurien

Which of the artists created the Campbell Soup’s Cans?Andy Warhol

yaah...de will focus on latest buisness events like1)wto related news2)awards india/international3)mergers and acquisitions4)important buisness chnages..like ceo steppin down n all

Chief Justice of India S.H. Kapadia retiredAltamas Kabir sworn-in as 39th Chief Justice of IndiaDalmia Cement Bharat acquired Meghalaya based Adhunik Cement (560 Crore)India successfully launched its Heaviest Satellite GSAT-10 (on board Ariane-5 rocket from European spaceport in French Guiana)India's first National Security Advisor Brajesh Mishra diedJaideep Sarkar appointed as the new envoy to IsraelMars Curiosity Rover found the evidence of waist-deep flowing stream on the PlanetFormer Navy Chief Nirmal Verma appointed as Indian envoy to CanadaElection Commission prohibited use of animals in Election CampaignsSandeep Patil appointed as the Chief for BCCI Senior Selection CommitteeJustice Murugesan became the new chief Justice of Delhi CourtSundar Rajan appointed as Executive Director of Ashok LeylandProfessor Banwarilal Sharma, the mathematician and a Gandhian activist diedDaimler India launched 3 BharatBenz TrucksCairn Energy sold 8 percent stake in Cairn India -- net realization of about US Dollar 910 millionWaheeda Rehman to receive Lifetime Achievement Award during 14th Mumbai Film FestivalR Lakshmipathy elected as chairman of the Press Trust of IndiaCVC instructed CBI to expand the scope of investigation on Coalgate (private firms in between 1993 to 2004)China included Liaoning as its first Aircraft CarrierHadia Tajik, a 29-year-old women of Pakistani origin was appointed as Norwegian Cultural MinisterDouble Trap Shooter, Ronjan Sodhi won Silver at ISSF World CupMary com became the brand ambassador of Super Fight League (SPL)Ramesh Abhishek on 24 September 2012 was appointed to be the Chairman of Forward Markets Commission (FMC)Union government on 24 September 2012, hiked Dearness Allowance (DA) by 7%Aishwarya Rai appointed as International Goodwill AmbassadorWorld peace day was celebrated worldwide on 21 September 2012C.P. Joshi appointed as the new Railway Minister

CEO of Automobile companies

Company - CEO1.Nissan-Carlos Ghosn2.Lamborghini- Stephan Winkelmann (President)3.BMW(Bayerische Motoren Werke )- Norbert Reithofer4.Aston Martin- Dr. Ulrich Bez

5.Ferrari- Amedeo Felisa6.Ford Motor Company- Alan Mulally 7.Harley Davidson- James Ziemer8.Toyota Motor Corporation- Akio Toyoda9Volkswagen- Martin Winterkorn (Chairman)

. Share

Some famous Companies and their CEO's I am also attaching a file of the same so you can download it for future reference.

1.Apple- Tim Cook2.Nokia Corporation- Stephen Elop3.Microsoft- Steve Ballmer4.Toshiba- Norio Sasaki5.Siemens A.G.- Peter Loscher6.Google- Lawrence "Larry" Page7.Accenture- Pierre Nanterme8.ACE Limited- Evan G. Greenberg9.Aditya Birla Group- Kumar Birla (Chairman) 10.Amazon.com- Jeff Bezos11.AOL Inc.- Tim Armstrong12.Barclays- Anthony Jenkins13.Burger King- John Chidsey14.Citigroup- Micheal Corbet15.Coca-Cola- Muhtar Kent16.Cognizant Technology Solutions- Francisco D'Souza17.Dell Inc - Michael Dell18.DLF Universal- Kushal Pal Singh19.Domino's Pizza- J.Patrick Doyle20.eBay - John Donahoe21.Ericsson- Hans Vestberg22.FedEx- Frederick W. Smith23.GlaxoSmithKline - Andrew Witty24.Goldman Sachs- Lloyd Blankfein25.Harley Davidson- James Ziemer26.HCL Technologies- Vineet Nayar27.HSBC- Stuart Gulliver28.IBM- Virginia M. Rometty29.IKEA- Mikael Ohlsson30.Infosys Technologies Limited- S.D. Shibulal

31.Intel- Paul Otellini32.ITC Limited- Y C Deveshwar33.JP Morgan Chase- James Dimon34.Larsen & Toubro Limited- A M Naik35.McDonald's- Jack Greenberg36.Nike- Mark Parker37.iGATE Patni- Phaneesh Murthy38.PepsiCo- Indra Nooyi39.Pizza Hut- David C. Novak40.Procter & Gamble(P&G - Robert A. McDonald41.Reliance Industries Limited- Mukesh Ambani(Chairman & MD) 42.Tata Consultancy Services- N Chandrasekaran43.Twitter-**** Costolo (lol)44.Viacom- Philippe P. Dauman45.Vodafone- Vittorio Colao46.The Walt Disney Company- Robert Iger47.Wal-Mart- Mike Duke48.Warner Bros.- Barry Meyer49.Adidas- Herbert Hainer50.PUMA SE- Franz Koch51.Allianz- Michael Diekmann52.Nestle- Paul Bulcke53.ABB- Joe Hogan54.Hindustan Unilever Limited- Nitin Paranjpe55. Adobe Systems- Shantanu Narayen

PS. If you find any mistake then please let me know.PPS. If you want to add something then also let me know.

Will come up with slogans and HQ's very soon

Hey guys! Here are some taglines. I dunno if they have been posted before but anyways here they are. Don't think we need to go beyond these

1 AKAI Land Of Rising Technology2 ACCENTURE Innovation Delivered3 AIR DECCAN Simplifly4 AIR INDIA Moving India Forward5 AIR SAHARA Emotionally Yours6 AIRTEL EXPRESS Express Yourself7 ALLEN SOLLY Friday Dressing8 ALLIANZ INSURANCE The Power On Your Side

9 APPLE COMPUTERS Think Different10 BAJAJ AUTO Inspiring Confidence11 BAJAJ PULSAR Born In A Gym, Not In A Studio12 BAJAJ SPIRIT The College Bike13 BLUE STAR May Your Theatre Always Be House Full14 BLUESTARAC Breathe Easy15 BOURNVITA Balanced Nutrition.Great Taste16 BROOKE BOND Cheers Your Senses17 BSNL Connecting India18 BUSINESS STANDARD When You're Sure19 BUSINESSWORLD Magazine Of The New Economy20 C A That Manages E-Business21 CHOLAMANDALAM INSURANCE Enter A Better Life22 CITIBANK The City Never Sleeps23 CLUB MAHINDRA HOLIDAYS Holidays For A Lifetime24 CROCODILE Tough Guys, Dress Easy25 CROMPTON GREAVES Everyday Solutions26 D’DMAS Art Of Beauty27 DHL We Move The World28 DHL We Make Importing Smooth29 DOORDARSHAN Satyam Sivam Sundaram30 ELECTROLUX India Makes Life A Little Easier31 ENERGIZER Keep Going32 ESSAR STEEL 24 Carat Steel33 FED-EX The World On Time34 FORD MONDEO Redefined Aggression35 FORD MOTORS Built For The Road Ahead36 GODREJ LOCKS Peace Of Mind.Guaranteed37 GRAVIERA SUITINGS The Man Of Substance38 GUCCI Quality Is Remembered Long After The Price Is Forgotten39 HAIER Inspired Living40 HARLEY-DAVIDSON If You Don't Have To Answer To Anyone, What Would You Do41 HARROD'S RETAILER, London ENTER A DIFFERENT WORLD42 HERO HONDA CBZ Motorcycling Unplugged43 HERO HONDA PASSION Born In A Studio, Not In A Factory44 HINDUSTAN TIMES Let There Be Light45 HITACHI Inspire The Next46 HONDA THE The Power Of Dreams47 HSBC World's Local Bank48 HUGHES SOFTWARE Think Skywards49 HYUNDAI ELANTRA Play A Bigger Game50 HYUNDAI'S NEW AD Drive Your Way51 JOBSAHEAD.COM Fill In Your Ambition52 JOHNNIE WALKER WHISKEY Keep Walking53 KINGFISHER AIRLINES Fly The Good Times54 KODAK You Press The Button And We Do The Rest

55 LACOSTE Because What You Are56 LG Expand Your Life57 LG AC Breathe Healthy58 LUFTHANSA There Is No Better Way To Fly59 MARUTI SUZUKI Count On Us60 NIKON At The Heart Of The Image61 NOKIA Connecting People62 OBC Where Every Individual Is Committed63 OCM Be Somebody64 ONIDA Neighbor’s Envy, Owner’s Pride65 PAGALGUY.COM Insanely Different66 PAI INTERNATIONAL A World Of Home Appliances67 PANTALOONS Where India Shops68 PARRYWARE Sparkling Clean Glamour Rooms69 PARX (RAYMOND’S PRODUCT) Catch Up With Life70 POWER (FUEL WITH ENERGYBOOSTERS FROM HPCL) Unleash The Power Within71 PROFESSIONAL TUTORIALS Success Simplified72 PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK The Name You Can Bank Upon73 RAYMOND The Complete Man74 REID AND TAYLOR Bond With The Best75 SAMSONITE Because You Earned Your Wings76 SBI With You -All The Way77 SINGAPORE AIRLINES A Great Way To Fly78 SPICE JET Flying For Everyone79 TALLY Power Of Simplicity80 TATA Improving The Quality Of Life81 TATA Empowering People82 TATA INDICA Spoil Yourself83 TATA INDICOM Talk As You Pay, Pay As You Talk-84 THAI AIRWAYS Smooth As Silk85 TIMES OF INDIA Let Truth Prevail86 TOYOTA Touch The Perfection87 TRUMP (MTNL) The Easy Way To Stay In Touch88 UNION BANK OF INDIA Good People To Bank With89 VIRGINIA SLIM CIGARETTES You've Come A Long Way Baby90 VOLKSWAGEN Think Small91 Walmart: Save money, live better92 Wipro: Applying thought93 Yamaha: change the roules94 Zenith: MNC price, Indian quality95 Vodafone: How are you96 Visa: enjoying life's opportunities97 skoda auto: Simply Clever98 Siemens: Be inspired99 Shopper's stop: Shopping and beyond100 Sony: like no other

101 samsung: Everyone's is invited102 Rolls Royce: Trusted to deliver excellence103: Apolo tyres: Unstoppable104: Bank of Baroda: India's International Bank105: BBC: Putting News First106: Canera Bank: Together We Can107: Central Bank of India: Customized Banking Innovations108: CNN: Worldwide leader in news109: Cognizant Tech: Passion for Making a Difference110: Deutsche Bank: Passion to Perform111: Daikin: Complete Silence112: Du Pont: The Miracle of Science113: e-Bay: Come to Think of It114: Emirates: Keep Discovering115: Escorts: New Ideas, New En-devours116: General Electric: Imagination at Work117: General Motors: We are Professional Grade/We will succeed118: Google: Don't be Evil119: Goldman Sachs: Our Work Enables Growth120: HBO: It's not TV, It's HBO121: HCL: Technology that touches lives122: HP: Invent123: IBM: On Demand Business124: ICICI: Safer, Simpler, Smarter125: IDBI: Not Just For the Big Boys

Here are some more:

MRF-Tyres with Muscle

CEAT-Born Tough

EBAY-The World's Online Market Place

AMAZON.COM-Earth's Biggest BookStore

TIMESJOBS.COM-If you have a reason, we have the job -

BLOGGER.COM-Push Button Publishing

Microsoft-Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our Passion

Windows XP-Do More with Less

HP-Invent-Everything is Possible

Accenture-High Performance. Delivered

IBM -ON DEMAND

LENOVO -We are building a new technology company.

Apple Macintosh -Think Different.

TCS -Beyond the Obvious

Infosys -Powered by Intellect, Driven by Values;Improve your odds with Infosys Predictability

WIPRO -Applying Thought

Adobe -Simplicity at work. Better by adobe.

Macromedia-What the web can be.

FORD –Built for the Road Ahead

GM –Only GM.

BMW –The Ultimate Driving Machine

TOYOTA -Touch The Perfection

HYUNDAI -Drive Your Way

HONDA -The Power of Dreams

SKODA –Obsessed with Quality since 1897.

VOLKSWAGEN -Drivers wanted

FIAT -Driven by Passion. FIAT

TATA MOTORS –Even More Car per Car

IBM -I think, therefore IBM.

Dell -Easy as DELL.

Intel -Intel inside.

LEE -The jeans that built America

Master card -There are some things money can't buy. For everything else there's MASTERCARD.

Kotak -Think Investments. Think Kotak.

Sun Microsystems -The Network is the Computer

Ernst and Young -Quality in Everything we Do

Barclays -Fluent in Finance; Its our business to know your business

Standard Chartered Bank -Your Right Partner

CNBC -Profit from it

AT&T; -The World's Networking Company

Monster.com -Never Settle

Jet Airways -The Joy of Flying

Lufthansa -There's no better to fly

British airways -The Way to Fly.

Air Canada -A breath of Fresh Air

Sahara -Emotionally yours.

Malaysian Airlines -Going Beyond Expectations

Kingfisher Airlines -Fly the good times

Exxon Mobil -Taking on the World’s Toughest Energy Challenges

Chevron Corporation -Human Energy

Reliance industries Limited -Growth is Life

British Petroleum -Beyond Petroleum

ONGC -Making Tomorrow Brighter

IOCL -Bringing Energy to Life

BPCL-Pure for Sure

IBP -Pure bhi. Poora bhi

GAIL -Gas and Beyond

Essar corp -A positive a++itude

Speed -High Performance Petrol

Servo -100 % Performance. Everytime.

NDTV Profit -News you can Use.

Toyota Innova -All you Desire.

Star Sports -We know your game

Life. Research. Hope-DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES

The difference lies in our DNA-BIOCON

Caring for life-CIPLA

The Edge is Efficiency- (Bombay Stock Exchange )

The world puts its stock in us- NYSE (New York Stock Exchange)

Stock market for the digital world(NASDAQ)

Tomorrow Market's Today.(Singapore Stock Exchange, SGX)

Have You Met Life Today- Metropolitan Life Insurance Company or Metlife.

The Power on your side- Allianz Group

Growing and Protecting your wealth- Prudential Insurance Company

We know Money- AIG or American International Group Insurance Company

Your Partner for life- Max NewYork Life Insurance

Positively Different.- Standard Insurance Company Limited.

India's International Bank-- Bank of Baroda

Good People to Bank with-- Union Bank of India

Higher Standards-- Bank of America

You and Us-- UBS

The Citi Never Sleeps-- CITIGROUP or CITIBANK

Where Vision Gets Built-- Lehman Brothers

The World's Local Bank-- HSBC

A Passion to Perform-- Deutsche Bank

Making More Possible-- ABN AMRO Bank

The Magazine of the Corporate World- BUSINESS INDIA

For Managing Tomorrow- BUSINESS TODAY

Intelligent Computing- CHIP

Your Technology Navigator- DIGIT

Play the Game- BUSINESS WORLD

Journalism of Courage- The Indian EXPRESS

The Power of Knowledge- THE ECONOMIC TIMES

The Name India trusts for News- HINDUSTAN TIMES

Read a Bestseller everyday- THE DAILY TELEGRAPH

Like. No. Other.- SONY

Everyone's Invited or Its hard to Imagine- SAMSUNG

Life's Good- LG

The Indian Multinational- VIDEOCON

Born in Japan Entertaining The World- SANSUI

Inspired Living- HAIER

Sense and Simplicity- PHILLIPS

The Perfect Experience- JVC

Choose Freedom- TOSHIBA

Always low prices. Always.-WALMART

Like no other store in the world- BLOOMINGDALES

You can do it. We can Help.-HOME DEPOT

Every Little Helps -TESCO

The spirit of Commerce- METRO

Costs less to get more -KROGER

Is se sasta aur Achcha kahee nahee milenga- BIG BAZAAR

The stuff of life. -KMART

Shop. Eat. Celebrate- CENTRAL

Shaping the future of steel- MITTAL STEEL

Steel solutions for a better world- ARCELOR

We make things which make India proud- LARSEN and TOUBRO

Forever new Frontiers- BOEING

The Miracles of Science- DUPONT

Everyday Solutions- COMPTRON and GREAVES

Pride of Steel- VIZAG STEEL

Powering a Greener Tomorrow.- SUZLON ENERGY

Where will you be-THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW

An Adventure 65 Million Years In The Making- JURASSIC PARK

Collide With Destiny.- TITANIC

Come and Fall in LOVE- Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jaayenge

At the edge of the world, his journey begins- CAST AWAY

The greatest Story ever told.- SHOLAY

When Good is not good enough.- CHEVROLET AVEO

The New Sign of Success.- McDowells Signature

Dare to Dream -BANK OF RAJASTHAN

Welcome to a Cashless World.- SBI DEBIT CARD

Exceed Your Vision- EPSON

Be Fearless.- SYMANTEC

Much more to do, with YOU in focus.- ANDHRA BANK

Justice Altamas Kabir on 29 September 2012 was sworn-in as the new chief justice ofIndia by President Pranab Mukherjee. He took over the office from Justice Sarosh HomiKapadia, who retired after serving the Supreme Court for two and a half year. 64 yearold Altamas Kabir will be in the office for a period of nine months, from 29 September2012 to 18 July 2013. His oath ceremony was conducted at the ceremony held atAshoka Hall of Rastrapati Bhawan.

The Judge can be removed from India on certain ground that includes incapacity to holdthe office or proven misbehavior. They can be removed only after the resolution of boththe houses of Indian Parliament that is supported by the majority of two-third of themembers voting and present. The two judges against whom the proceeding was initiated:1. V Ramaswami in 1993 was the first judge against whom the proceedings wereinitiated2. Soumitra Sen in 2011 was the second judge against whom these proceedings wereinitiated

imp as Soumtira Sen case happened in 2011

Arabic on 10 October 2012 made its official debut among one of the Languages at PopeBenedict’s weekly general audiences. This is an exercise and attempt of Vatican toexpand its reach to Christians and Muslims in Middle East.On occasion of the 50th anniversary of the second Vatican Council, Pope for the firsttime addressed people in Arabic

he only Chief Justice, who has served as the acting President of IndiaSir Mohammad Hidayatullah, who served the nation as eleventh CJI (17 December 1905- 18 September 1992) has also served as the acting President of India being anex-officio CJI from 20 July 1969 to 24 August 1969, after Dr. Zakir Hussain died as apresident in office and the then Vice-President V.V. Giri resigned from the post of actingPresident to participate in the Presidential Election.

A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed on 1 October 2012 between Indianand Austria to strengthen the long-term bilateral cooperation and relationship on rail androad infrastructure. The MoU was signed in between C.P. Joshi- the Minister of Railwaysand Road Transport of India and Highways and the Doris Burse-the Federal Minister ofTransport, Innovation and Technology of Austria during her visit to India. Quote Reply . Like . Share

1

World bank and the Government of India on 5 October 2012 signed a loan agreement of500 Million US Dollar for Secondary Education Project named Rashtriya MadhyamikShiksha Abhiyan(RMSA).

What is Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan?Like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), the Department of School Education and Literacy ofthe Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) under Government of India islaunching Rastriya Madhyamic Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) with an aim to achieve UniversalAccess and Quality Secondary Education.Under Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan, the responsibility to develop Secondary-Education Management Information system (SE-MIS) is given to the Department of

Educational Planning, National University of Educational Planning and Administration(NUEPA), New Delhi.

The rating agency, Moody's Investors Services on 26 September 2012 in its Outlook forIndia expected stability due to the newly announced reforms (FDI & hike in petrol rates).It believed that these reforms will help India in pairing up of the fiscal deficits. Indiansovereign credit rating outlook was kept by the agency at Baa3 for the medium term.

Whereas, the outlook to India by the rating agencies Fitch and Standard & Poor’s wasnegative, where the two agencies showed concerns towards the pace of reforms goingon in India along with the economic downfall.

The most outstanding demonstrations of its own kind in Khandawa district of MadhyaPradesh named Jal Satyagraha continued for 17 days at Omkareshwar Dam Project cameto an end on 10 September 2012. Across 1000 acres of cultivatable land has beensubmerged into water with at least 60 odd villages that will not be visible in the map ofIndia any more. The Satygrahis demanded land for the land compensation following theruling of Supreme Court.

The Land Acquisition Bill was cleared on 16 October 2012 by a Group of Ministers (GoM)headed by Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar. It is going to be presented to the Cabinetthis monthThe bill was cleared after three rounds of vigorous debate with few changes from theversion presented to the Union Cabinet in September 2012.

Pranab Mukherjee, the Hon’ble President of India approved new set of Protocols foraddressing, the dignitaries inside and outside the country. Mukherjee also asked theauthorities to organise government functions within the premises of Rastrapati Bhawan,this came out of his concern to the inconvenience caused to the public and police duringhis movement.

he State Health Ministry of Arunachal Pradesh launched Rashtriya Aarogya Nidhischeme in Itanagar on 14 September 2012. The scheme which is under the UnionMinistry of Health and Family Welfare, provides financial assistance upto 1.5 lakh rupeesto BPL patients suffering from life threatening diseases in the form of a one time grant.

In the event of the treatment cost exceeding 1.5 lakh rupees, the patients can avail theassistance from the Central Rashtriya Aarogya Nidhi scheme.

Imp points1)dere are 21 members in APEC--Asia Pacific Economic Co2)Vijay L Kelkar is the chairman of 13th finance commission3)Future of India is written by--Bimal jalan4)Vidya Balan is the brand ambassador of Nirmal Bharat yatra()Sanitation Drive5)Asihwarya rai appointed as International Goodwill Ambassador6)Aung San Sui Kyi receives US congress highest honour for 2012.7)China's Wen Xia Yu is Miss World-2012

latest news regarding FDI1)The Government of India on 20 September 2012 hiked the foreign investment cap for the broadcasting service providers to 74 percent. The registered hike in foreign investment cap is for service providers of Direct to Home (DTH), modernized cable network and mobile television. This move of the government will allow the global players in acquiring major stakes in the broadcasting companies. Before his decision was passed, the eligibility of DTH and multi-system cable operators to make foreign investment was limited to 49 percent only.

2)The Union Government on 4 October 2012 approved the Companies Bill, 2011 and Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) Bill, moving with its proposal to hike the foreign investment in the insurance sector to 49 percent from the present 26 percent with also opening up the pension sector for FDI

3)The Union Government of India approved fourteen foreign direct investment (FDI) proposals, which would bring in the capital inflow of 113.35 Crore Rupees. The major portion of 81.05 crore Rupees investments accounts to the three clearances made in the Pharmaceutical Sector.

Approval of these proposals was made in accordance to recommendations made by the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) during the meeting held on 18 September 2012. The FIPB is headed by Arvind Mayaram, the Secretary of Department of Economic Affairs (DEA).

As per the latest global ranking compiled and published by the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE) in August 2012, the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) become the world’s largest bourse in terms of the number of trades in equity segment for the first six months of 2012. A total of 735474 trades took place in the equity segment of NSE in the January-June period of 2012, making it the world’s largest

exchange on this parameter. NSE was followed by NYSE Euronext and Nasdaq OMX at the second and the third positions.

According to data released by Ministry of Statistics of India on 1 June 2012, Bihar emerged as the state with highest economic growth rate in the country. The state which until recently was synonymous with poverty, recorded an impressive 13.1 per cent growth in 2011-12. Bihar topped the list for second consecutive year. The state’s economy even surpassed the Punjab on the back of four years of double-digit growth.The state was closely followed by Delhi and Puducherry. Chhattisgadh and Goa were the other two states in the list of top five states. Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, the two highly industrialized states registered the growth of 9.4 per cent and 9.1 per cent respectively in the fiscal year 2011-12.Punjab, leading food grain producing state of India, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, both the heart of the IT sector of the country, and Uttar Pradesh, the country's most populous state, registered growth of 6.5% in 2011-12, lower than India's GDP growth.

India has liberalized foreign investment regulations in key sectors, opening up commodity exchanges, credit information services and aircraft maintenance operations. The foreign investment limit in Public Sector Units (PSU) refineries has been raised from 26% to 49%. An additional sweetener is that the mandatory disinvestment clause within five years has been done away with.

FDI in Civil aviation up to 74% will now be allowed through the automatic route for non-scheduled and cargo airlines, as also for ground handling activities.

100% FDI in aircraft maintenance and repair operations has also been allowed . But the big one, allowing foreign airlines to pick up a stake in domestic carriers has been given a miss again.

India has decided to allow 26% FDI and 23% FII investments in commodity exchanges, subject to the proviso that no single entity will hold more than 5% of the stake.

Sectors like credit information companies, industrial parks and construction and development projects have also been opened up to more foreign investment.

Also keeping India's civilian nuclear ambitions in mind, India has also allowed 100% FDI in mining of titanium, a mineral which is abundant in India.

A biodiversity hotspot is a region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is under threat from humans.In total we have 25 world wide biologocal hot spots and India we have 2

1)Eastern Himalaya2)Wester Ghats

One more point to remember Western Ghats r also added recently to the World Heritage Sites.

In total we have 14 wonders in the world..bifurcated into 2 sections as Ancient and Modern

Ancient--1)Great Pyramid of Giza---Egypt--still present2)Hanging Gardens of Babylon---Babylon---Destruction due to earthquake3)Temple of Artemis at Ephesus--Greeks--Destruction due to Arson4)Statue of Zeus at Olympia--Greeks---Dismantled and Arsoned5)Mausoleum at Halicarnassus--Greeks--Erathquake6)Colossus of Rhodes--Greeks--Earthquake7)Lighthouse of Alexandria--Egypt/Greeks----Erathquake

Modern1)Taj mahal2)Chichen Itza--Mexico3)Christ the Redeemer--Brazil4)Colosseum--Itlay5)great wall of china--China6)Machu Picchu--Peru7)Petra—Jordan

Important Heads(Guys correct me if derez any latest changes)

Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia: Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission.Mr. Vinod Rai : Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.Prof. D. P. Agrawal: Chairman, UPSC.Mr. Nehchal Sandhu: Director, IB.Mr. A. P. Singh: Director, CBI.Mr. Sanjeev Tripathi: Director, Research and Analysis Wing.Mr. R. K. Medhekar : Director-General, NSG.Mr. Vijay Kumar : Director-General, CRPF.Mr. U. K. Bansal : Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF).Mr. Rajiv : Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF).Mr. P.K. Mehta: Director-General, Railway Protection Force.Mr. Ranjit Sinha: Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police.

Mr. Pranay Sahay : Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal.Vice-Admiral M. P. Muralidharan: Director-General, Indian Coast GuardMr. K. Radhakrishnan: Chairman, Space Commission and ISRO.Mr. Srikumar Banerjee : Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy.Dr. Amrita Patel: Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB).

Economy related imp headsMr. U. K. Sinha: Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India.Mr. Prakash Bakshi: Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).Mr. Pratip Chaudhuri : Chairman, SBI.Mr. V. P. Shetty : Chairman, IDBI.Mr. S. Balasubramanian : Chairman, Company Law Board.Mr. T. S. Vijayan : Chairman, LICMr. R. V. Kanoria : President, FICCI.Mr. J. S. Sarma: Chairman, TRAI Mr. R. N. Das : Director, Enforcement Directorate.Mr. Yogesh Agarwal: Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority.Mr. Pradeep Kumar: Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC).Mr. ADI GODREJ: President, CII. Mr. Dilip Modi : President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM).Mr. Ratan Tata : Chairman, Investment Commission.

UPDATE AS ON 19TH NOV 2012

Anil Agarwal is ET's Business Leader of YearThis year, the roll of honour stretches quite literally from copper to cheese, from internet access to investment banking. The jury for The Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence 2012 met this week in Mumbai to anoint the winners of India's biggest, most-anticipated business awards. The Business Leader Award for the year 2012 goes to Anil Agarwal, chairman, Vedanta Resources. A true rags-to-riches success story, Agarwal started out as a trader of scrap metals, and today runs a global natural resources conglomerate, which successfully completed a major acquisition - that of Cairn India.

The Company of the Year for 2012 goes to HDFC Bank, India's most valuable bank by market capitalization, a milestone that it achieved.

Navratna was the title given originally to nine Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) identified by the Government of India in 1997 as "public sector companies that have comparative advantages", giving them greater autonomy to compete in the global market so as to "support [them] in their drive to become global giants".[1] The number of PSEs having Navratna status has been raised to 16,[2] the most recent addition being Oil India Limited.PSU companies are divided into three categories:MaharatnaNavratnaMiniratna CPSEsCategory ICategory II

List of naratnasBharat Heavy Electricals LimitedBharat Electronics LimitedBharat Petroleum Corporation LimitedHindustan Aeronautics LimitedHindustan Petroleum Corporation LimitedMahanagar Telephone Nigam LimitedNational Aluminium Company LimitedNational Mineral Development Corporation LimitedNeyveli Lignite Corporation LimitedOil India LimitedPower Finance Corporation LimitedPower Grid Corporation of India LimitedRashtriya Ispat Nigam LimitedRural Electrification Corporation LimitedShipping Corporation of India LimitedGAIL (India) Limited

Tata Chemicals buys British salt

Tata Chemicals bought British Salt; a UK based white salt producing company for about US $ 13 billion. The acquisition gives Tata access to very strong brine supplies and also access to British Salts facilities as it produces about 800,000 tons of pure white salt every year

Reliance Power and Reliance Natural Resources merger

This deal was valued at US $11 billion and turned out to be one of the biggest deals of the year. It eased out the path for Reliance power to get natural gas for its power projects

Airtels acquisition of Zain in Africa

Airtel acquired Zain at about US $ 10.7 billion to become the third biggest telecom major in the world. Since Zain is one of the biggest players in Africa covering over 15 countries, Airtels acquisition gave it the opportunity to establish its base in one of the most important markets in the coming decade

Abbotts acquisition of Piramal healthcare solutions

Abbott acquired Piramal healthcare solutions at US $ 3.72 billion which was 9 times its sales. Though the valuation of this deal made Piramals take this move, Abbott benefited greatly by moving to leadership position in the Indian market

GTL Infrastructure acquisition of Aircel towers

This acquisition was worth about US $ 1.8 billion and brought GTL Infrastructure to the third position in terms of number of mobile towers 33000. The money generated gave Aircel the funds for expansion throughout the country and also for rolling out its 3G services

ICICI Bank buys Bank of Rajasthan

This merger between the two for a price of Rs 3000 cr would help ICICI improve its market share in northern as well as western India

JSW and Ispat Ki Kahani

Jindal Steel Works acquired 41% stake at Rs 2,157 cr in Ispat Industries to make it the largest steel producer in the country. This move would also help Ispat return to profitability with time

Reckitt Benckiser goes shopping

Reckitt acquired Paras Pharma at a price of US $ 726 million to basically strengthen its healthcare business in the country. This was Reckitts move to establish itself as a strong consumer healthcare player in the fast growing Indian market

Mahindra goes international

Mahindra acquired a 70% controlling stake in troubled South Korea auto major Ssang Yong at US $ 463 million. Along with the edge it would give Mahindra in terms of the R & D capabilities, this deal would also help them utilise the 98 country strong dealer network of Ssang Yong

Fortis Healthcare acquisitions

Fortis Healthcare, the unlisted company owned by Malvinder and Shivinder Singh looks set to make it two in two in terms of acquisitions. After acquiring Hong Kongs Quality Healthcare Asia Ltd for around Rs 882 cr last month, they are planning on acquiring Dental Corp, the largest dental services provider in Australia at Rs 450 cr

The Long Success International (Holdings) Ltd merged with City Faith Investments Ltd on the 8th of April 2008. The value of the merger was US $3.2 million. The agency in this instance was Bermuda Monetary Authority, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and other regulatory authority that was unspecified.

Novartis AG acquired 25% stake in Alcon Inc. This acquisition was worth 73,666 million common shares of the company. They bought this stake from Nestle SA for $10.547 billion by paying $143.18 for every share. It was a privately negotiated transaction that needed to have a regulatory approval. Simultaneously, Novartis AG also received an offer of 52% interest that was equivalent of 153.225 million common shares of Alcon Inc.

Kinetic Concepts acquired each and every remaining common stock of LifeCell Corp for $51 for each share. Their total offer was $1.743 billion. The deal was done in accordance to regulatory approvals and the conventional closing conditions.

Kapstone Paper & Packaging Corp acquired the kraft paper mill as well as other assets of MeadWestVaco.Corp. They paid them $485 million. The deal was conducted as per the regulatory approvals, receipt of financing and conventional closing conditions. This deal included a lumber mill in Summerville, hundred percent interest in Cogen South LLC. The Chip mills in Kinards, Elgin, Andrews and Hampton in South Carolina are also parts of this deal.

Petrofalcon Corp acquired the remaining shares of Anadarko Venezuela Co from Anadarko Petroleum Corp. The deal was worth 428.46 million Venezuelan bolivar or US $200 million. The deal was completed as per the regulatory approvals.

Discover Financial Services, LLC acquired Diners Club International Ltd from Citigroup Inc. The deal was worth US $165 million. The deal was subjected to regulatory approvals and normal closing conditions. Cobham PLC took over MMI Research Ltd. The deal was worth ?16.6 million or $33.099 million. In this deal ?12.2 was paid in cash, ?1.4 million in loan notes and almost ?3 million in payments related to profits.

WNS (Holdings) Ltd from India, took over the total share capital of Chang Ltd. The deal was worth ?9.6 million. Of this amount ?8 million was to be paid in cash and the rest was to be paid in payments related to profits. AptarGroup Inc acquired the Advanced Barrier System wing of the CCL Industries Inc. The deal was worth almost 9.4 million Canadian dollars. The entire amount was paid on cash. Varian Inc from USA

took over 23% stakes of Oxford Diffraction Ltd. The deal was worth ? 4.6 million pounds. ? 3.5 million was paid in cash, and the rest was to be paid from the profits made by the company.

Spice PLC took over Melton Power Services Limited. The deal was worth ?4.5 million. ?2.5 million was paid in cash and the rest was to be paid from the profits made by the company. Spice PLC also got Utility Technology Ltd., GIS Direct Ltd, and Line Design Solutions Ltd as part of the deal.Atlas Iron Ltd. Took over a 19.9% stake in the Warwick Resources Ltd. This was equivalent of 15.124 million new common stock of the Warwick Resources Ltd. They paid A$ 3.781 million in a transaction that was privately negotiated. The transaction was executed as per the approval from the shareholders. The selling price of the shares was A$ 0.23 and it was based on the value of each share that stood at A$ 0.25 on 4th of April 2008.

Republic Gold Ltd of Australia took over the remaining stocks of Vista Gold (Antigua) from Vista Gold Corp. The deal was worth $3 million. Republic Gold also got the Amayapampa project in Bolivia as a part of the deal.Manpower Software PLC took over Key IT Systems Ltd. The deal was worth ?0.83 million. ?0.375 million was paid in cash and the rest is supposed to be paid from profits.

Spice PLC took over Utility Technology Ltd. The deal was worth ?0.2 million ?0.1 million was to be paid in cash and the rest was to be paid from the profits. As part of this deal Spice PLC also acquired Melton Power Services Ltd, GIS Direct Ltd and Line Design Solutions Ltd.

Spice PLC took over Line Design Solutions Ltd and GIS Direct Ltd. The total deal was worth ?0.1 million and the entire amount was paid in cash. Spice PLC also acquired Utility Technology Ltd and Melton Power Services Ltd as part of the deal.

Thomas Cook Group PLC acquired Elegant Resorts Ltd from Barbara Catchpole and Geoff Moss. Australian Social Infrastructure Fund merged with API Fund. The deal was subjected to regulatory approvals and shareholder. Greenbier Cos Inc took over Roller Bearing Industries Inc., from AB SKF. Fijian Holdings Ltd has took over 50.2% interest in RB Patel Group Ltd.

Honeywell International Inc has acquired Norcross Safety Products LLC from Odyssey Investment Partners LLC. The deal was worth $1.2 billion. It was subjected to various kinds of regular closing conventions and regulatory approvals.As you see in the list, the M & As have happened across industries and sectors like banking, automotive, healthcare, FMCG, telecom etc. This shows that this really has been the dream year of Indian industry.

GK for IIFT---------------------Indian Rivers

Rivers are the lifeline of a nation. Rivers have been of historical importance to Indiaconsidering the religious significance they command and the basic agrarian natureof a majority of Indian society.The biggest major rivers of India are:·Flowing into the Bay of Bengal: Brahmaputra, Ganges (with its tributariesYamuna, Kameika, Gomti, Chambal), Meghna, Mahanadi, Godavari,Krishna,Kaveri (and their main tributaries).·Flowing into the Arabian Sea: Indus, Narmada, Tapti (and their maintributaries).River City State ------------------------------------------------------------Aji Rajkot GujaratBhadra Bhadravathi Karnataka Brahmani Rourkela OrissaBrahmaputra Guwahati Assam Cauvery Erode Tamil NaduCauvery Thiruchirapalli Tamil NaduChambal Gwalior Madhya PradeshChambal Kota Rajasthan Cooum, Adyar,Chennai Tamil Nadu Ganga Daman DamanGanges Allahabad Uttar PradeshGanges Bithoor Uttar PradeshGanges Chakeri Uttar PradeshGanges Chandauli Uttar PradeshGanges Farrukhabad Uttar PradeshGanges Fatehgarh Uttar Pradesh ...............................................................................

Pen Names of Authors Author Pen Name Agatha Christie- Mary Westmacott Alexi Maksimov Peshkov - Maxim Gorkey Amandine Dupin -George Sand Anne Bronte- Acton Bell Benjamin Franklin- Poor Richard Charles Dickens -Boz Charles Lamb- Elia Charlotte Bronte -Currer David Cornwell- John Le Carre Emile Herzog -Andre Maurois

Emily Bronte- Ellis Bell Erick Blair -George Orwell Francis Marie- Arouet Voltaire Frederic Dannav and Manfred B Lee -Ellery Queen George Bernard Shaw -GBS H H Munro -Saki J K Chesterton -Orion Mary Ann Evans -George Eliot Samuel Clemens -Mark Twain William Sydney Porter -O Henry

indal Steel and Power (JSPL), recently announced the acquisition of Canadian firm CIC Energy, and plansto pump $700 million over the next three years to set up facilities at the acquired firm’s properties inBotswana. On July 23, 2012, the JSPL had entered into an all-cash deal to acquire a 100 per cent stake inCIC Energy for about $115 million (over Rs. 600 crore). The deal would give JSPL access to 2.4 billiontonnes of high thermal coal reserves, located at CIC’s Mmamabula mine in Botswana.

Cargotec, a provider of cargo handling solutions for ships, ports, terminals and local distribution, hasselected Tata Communications as its network supplier to avail wide area network (WAN) connectivity at over150 sites globally through the Indian company’s round-the-world fibre optic cable network. Cargotec hasoperations in over 50 countries across Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Americas and Africa.

Bengaluru, Karnataka, October 29, 2012 /India PRwire/ -- Infosys, a global leader in consulting and technology, today announced it has completed the acquisition of Lodestone Holding AG, a leading management consultancy based in Switzerland.The acquisition is in accordance with the terms set out in the agreement announced on September 10. The deal strengthens the management consulting capabilities of Infosys around the world, adding more than 750 experienced consultants and 200 clients in wide-ranging areas such as manufacturing and the automotive and life sciences industries.

New Delhi, Delhi, April 20, 2012 /India PRwire/ -- Kanoria Chemicals & Industries Limited (KCI) today entered into a Share and Loan Purchase Agreement to acquire APAG Holding AG, the Switzerland based holding company of its wholly owned subsidiary APAG Elektronik AG, Switzerland.

Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, April 18, 2012 /India PRwire/ -- Symphony Limited has achieved the distinction of being one of the few Indian brands with a presence in 60 countries across the globe and has emerged as the largest air cooler company in the world. Even as global air-conditioner brands like LG, Samsung, Hitachi, Daikin and Panasonic are fighting it out in India, the Symphony air coolers are capturing markets globally and simultaneously continue to grow their sales in India where the company is the top player with a 45% share of the organized market.A strategic acquisition of an air cooler company in North America, Impco, with manufacturing facilities in Mexico recently was the big leap that the company took to gain global leadership. Symphony started leveraging the enduring relationships established by Impco with large format stores like Wal-Mart, Sears, Home Depot, Lowes, Famsa and Costco, among others, to widen its presence in North, South and Central America.

New Delhi, Delhi, May 21, 2012 /India PRwire/ -- Yebhi.com, India's Largest Home, Lifestyle & Fashion e-retailer, has hit another crowning stroke by acquiring the Founding team of Madeinhealth.com for an undisclosed sum of cash and equity.Madeinhealth is India's premier online body-building and fitness supplement store having world's best brands and supplements in its kitty. Through this deal, Yebhi aims to bring together the best of entrepreneurial minds in order to better the services the e-portal provides to its beloved customersNew Delhi, Delhi, May 10, 2012 /India PRwire/ -- Yebhi.com, India's Largest Home, Lifestyle & Fashion e-retailer has acquired stylishyou.in - A leading Fashion Jewellery e-retail Company founded by entrepreneur Shraddha Danani. The deal comprises of cash & equity and Yebhi.com has acquired the merchandising team also as a part of this deal. Stylishyou.in is one stop portal for all your style aspirations which houses exclusive brands and designer jewellery and accessories at unbelievable prices. The jewellery available on stylishyou.in is contemporary & trendy and has innumerable options to choose from! The exquisite pieces will now be available exclusively on yebhi.com!

G8 Conutries and PM/presidentsFrance--President François Hollande - Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault Germany----Angela MerkelItlay-- President Giorgio Napolitano - Prime Minister Mario Monti Japan--Prime Minister --Yoshihiko Noda UK--}}}}}}}}}}in dono ka to pata hi hoga..US--

dese 6 memebers were the actual members of G6 founded by France in 1975on 1976 Canada was added and in 1997 Russia

Canada---Prime Minister --Stephen Harper

Russia-- President Vladimir Putin - Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev please note one more point...just a year ago the PM?president of russia was just the opposite of the current one..

The 38th G8 summit was held in Camp David, Maryland, United States, on 18–19 May 2012.[1] It is the annual meeting of the G8.

As of January 1, 2007, there are twenty-seven member countries of theEuropean Union. (On July 1, 2013 Croatia is scheduled to become the 28th member of the European Union.)AustriaBelgium

BulgariaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaNetherlandsPolandPortugal

RomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenUnited Kingdom

Today, the euro is one of the world's most powerful currencies, used by more than 320 million Europeans in twenty-three countries. The countries currently using the euro are:1) Andorra2) Austria3) Belgium4) Cyprus5) Estonia6) Finland7) France8) Germany9) Greece10) Ireland11) Italy12) Kosovo13) Luxembourg14) Malta15) Monaco16) Montenegro17) Netherlands18) Portugal19) San Marino20) Slovakia21) Slovenia22) Spain23) Vatican CityRecent and Future Euro CountriesOn January 1, 2009, Slovakia started using the euro. Estonia began using the euro on January 1, 2011.Lithuania and Latvia are expected to join the Eurozone in the next few years and thus become countries using the euro.Only 17 of the 27 members of the European Union (EU) are part of the Eurozone, the name for the collection of EU countries that utilize the euro. Notably, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Sweden have thus far decided not to convert to the euro. Other new EU member countries are working toward becoming part of the Eurozone.

On the other hand, Andorra, Kosovo, Montenegro, Monaco, San Marino, and the Vatican City are not EU members but do officially use the euro as their currencies.

list of countries in EU not using EuroUnited Kingdom ----- Pound sterling (GBPBulgaria ---------Lev (BGN)Czech Rep. -----Czech koruna (CZK)Denmark ------Danish krone [f] (DKK)Hungary ---Forint (HUF)Latvia ----Lats (Ls) (LVL)Lithuania -----Lithuanian litas (Lt) (LTL)Poland ----Złoty (PLN)Romania -------Romanian leu (RON)Sweden--------Swedish krona (SEK)

-

Countries with their Parliament Name..

India - Sansad/Parliament Pakistan - National Assembly Bangladesh - Jatiya Sansad China - National Peoples Congress Bhutan - Tshogdu Afganistan - Shora England - Parliament Canada - Parliament Australia - Parliament USA -Congress Germany - Wondstag Taiwan - Yuan Japan - Diet Israil - Neset Maldeep - Majlis Spain - Cortes Nepal - Rastriya Panchayat Russia - Dyuma France - National Assembly Iran - Majlis Malesiya - Diwan Nigara Switzerland - fedral Assembly Turkey - Grand National Assembly

waise to ur surprise..irctc is one of the biggest e-commerce in india...biggest is mjunction

and Amazon is the biggest in the world..

1.Pope Benedict XVI recently has named six new cardinals, among whom Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal is an Indian and he was the Archbishop of- 1-Thiruvananthapuram 2. Goa and Daman 3. Gandhinagar 4. Guwahati 2- Who among the following has been awarded recently with an Honorary Doctorate of Arts for his/her outstanding contribution to Indian cinema by the Edinburgh Napier University1. Amitabh Bachchan 2. Jaya Bachchan 3. Sharmila Tagore 4. Jeetendra

3- A Tamil-Brahmi script inscribed on a potsherd, 1900 years before, which reads “nantai kiran”, was recently found in which of the following countries of West Asia? 1. Syria 2. Lebanon 3. Yemen 4. Oman 4- Which among the following countries is the world's largest rice exporter in 2012? 1. Thailand 2. India 3. Vietnam 4. USA 5- The country, which recently decided its ambitious plan to develop deeper relations with India and other booming economies of the region, including through teaching languages like Hindi and Mandarin in its schools, is- 1. United States 2. Brazil

3. Australia 4. Japan 6- Mehr Din, known as Uncle Pakistan, recently passed away. He was known for his specific presence at- 1. Ambassy of Pakistan in India 2. Venues of cricket matches participated by Pakistan 3. Wagah border 4. Processions, organized in Pakistan against United States 7- Kuldeep Singh was recently in news because he- 1. is an athlete and he reserved a gold medal in London Paralympics, 2012. 2. has polio and has taken up a tour of the country by tricycle. 3. was a journalist, who was killed in a terrorist attack in Afghanistan. 4. is a statesman of Punjab and has been convicted by the Punjab and Haryana High Court for an economic offence.

Ans:-1.)A2.)C3.)44.)B5.)C6.)C

the so called Lonely planet ( homeless planet ) has found which is 7 times the size of Jupiter. It does not orbit a star and named as CFBDSIR2149. The planet was discovered by researchers at the University of Montreal, who consulted with French colleagues and data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope.

Year Event

1851 The first America's Cup yacht race was held

1860 The first ever British Open for men

1875 The Kentucky Derby was held for the first time.

1876 Baseball's National League in the US started

1877 The first Wimbledon tennis event was held

1877 The first Test match was played, between Australia and England.

1881The first year that the men's US National Tennis Championships was held (the precusor to the US Open)

1887The first year that the women's US National Tennis Championships was held (the precusor to the US Open)

1895 The first ever US golf open was held

1903 The Tour de France was held for the first time

1903 The Baseball World Series was also played for the first time

1905 the first year that the Australian Open Tennis Championship was held

1916 the USPGA was held for the first time

1922 the first year that a women's event was held at the Australian Open tennis

1925the first year that the French Tennis tournament that was open to all amateur players

1934 The first ever Golf Masters was held.

1967 the first year that the Super Bowl was held.

Presenting biographical sketch of some of the most famous political leaders of all times.

Biographies of these leaders trace their life history, works & achievements.

Famous People» Political LeadersPolitical LeadersShare on facebook Share on twitter Share on stumbleupon Share on email Share on google More Sharing Services

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States who led the country to victory during the American Civil War and contributed profoundly ...Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler, an Austrian-born politician, was the leader of the Nazi Party and a notorious dictator of Germany. Before coming to power as a dictator, he was ...

Albert John LuthuliAlbert John Luthuli, the president of the African National Congress, was an African politician and teacher. A noble man and an adamant leader, Luthuli fought ...Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton was one of the important pioneers in the early formation of the American government. He participated in Washington's Revolutionary War from ...

Ariel SharonAriel Sharon is the former Prime Minister of Israel and a military leader. He is ranked among the most powerful leaders in the history of Israel, who succeeded ...Aung San Suu KyiAung San Suu Kyi (pronounced as Ong San Soo Chee) is the leading face of the pro-democracy movement and a leader of the National League for Democracy in ...

Betty WilliamsBetty Williams is the President of the ‘World Centers of Compassion for Children’ and the Chairperson of ‘Institute for Asian Democracy’. She is also a ...Cordell HullCordell Hull was a major political leader of Tennessee, USA and 47th Secretary of States of the United States. He is credited as the longest-serving Secretary ...

F D RooseveltBorn in 1882 and famous all over the world with the three letters, 'FDR' Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the U.S. and is the only U.S. ...Fidel CastroFidel Castro is a revolutionary figure and former Prime Minister of Cuba who served the country from 1959 to 1976 and gained a reputation of an anti- ...

Gamal Abdel NasserGamal Abdel Nasser was the 2nd president of Egypt and one of the most important figures in the modern world and Arab history who served the country from 1956 ...George WashingtonGeorge Washington was the first President of the United States who led the Continental Army to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the Kingdom of ...

Henri La FontaineHenri La Fontaine was a bibliographer, professor of International law and senator in the Belgium legislature who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1913. ...Henry Kissinger

Henry Kissinger is a German-born American political scientist, bureaucrat and diplomat who served America as National Security Advisor and later as Secretary ...

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh was a communist, revolutionist of Vietnam who played a symbolic role as head of state of Vietnam and as a mediator of Party disputes and became the ...Indira GandhiIndira Gandhi was the first woman Prime Minister of India. Political thinkers, even today consider Gandhi as the most controversial Premier of the nation. She ...

Jacques ChiracJacques Chirac is one of the most influential politicians in France. Getting inspiration from Charles DeGaulle, Chirac entered French national politics in ...Jawaharlal NehruBorn in an aristocratic family of Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru emerged as one of the greatest political leaders of the world, ever. Jawaharlal Nehru was an ...

John F KennedyJohn F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States and first American President to be born in the twentieth century. The former president has many ...Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin was one of the greatest leaders of the former Soviet Union and General Secretary of the Communist party of the Soviet Union serving from 1922 ...

Kim Dae JungKim Dae Jung, the fifteenth President of Korea is mainly known for his opposition to and lifelong struggle against the authoritarian rule in Korea. He was most ...Kofi AnnanKofi Annan is a former diplomat of Ghana and was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations serving from 1997 to 2006. As Secretary-General Kofi Annan ...

Lech WalesaLech Walesa is a former president of Poland and a Nobel Peace Prize Winner. He is also a humanitarian and a co founder of ‘Solidarity’, the Soviet’s bloc’s ...Lord MountbattenLouis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, commonly known as Lord Mountbatten, was a British admiral, statesman and the 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma. ...

Mahatma GandhiMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India who led the country in the non-cooperation ...Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong was the leader of the Communist Party of China who showed it the way to victory against the 'Kuomintang' in the Civil war of China. Appointed as the ...

Margaret ThatcherMargaret Thatcher is the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and was the first woman to lead a major political party in the country. She acted ...Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev is a former President of the erstwhile USSR who served as the last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1986 to ...

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela was the most significant black leader who stood against racism and apartheid in South Africa, while many in the world were silent. He dreamt of ...Oscar Arias SanchezOscar Arias Sanchez is the present “Head of the State” and president of Costa Rica. Known for his excellent ruling and a popular organizer, Arias was elected ...

Patrick HenryPatrick Henry was one of the leading figures of American Revolution and a prominent political founder who saw the formation of initial Independent United ...Ralph BuncheRalph Bunche was an American political scientist and diplomat and an active leader who contributed heavily in the Civil Rights Movements in the United ...

Raul CastroRaul Castro is the current President of Cuba and brother of the Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro. Most of his life was spent under the shadow of his ...Richard NixonRichard Nixon was a leader of the Republican Party and became the thirty-seventh President of the United States in 1968 and was subsequently reelected for his ...

Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan was the fortieth President of the United States and thirty-third governor of California. A short time film actor and director, Reagan was ...Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein was the 5th President of Iraq and a member of the Revolutionary Ba’ath Party, which held a long term power in the country. As President of Iraq, ...

Sun Yat SenSun Yat-Sen was a major politician and a Chinese revolutionary who co founded the Kuomintang and served as its first leader. Known as the Father of Modern ...Thomas Jefferson

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Heads of State

Governors-General Louis Francis Mountbatten 15 Aug 1947 - 21 Jun 1948 (+1979)a Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 21 Jun 1948 - 26 Jan 1950 (+1972)

Presidents of the Union Rajendra Prasad 26 Jan 1950 - 13 May 1962 (+1963)

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 13 May 1962 - 13 May 1967 (+1975) Zakir Husain 13 May 1967 - 3 May 1969 (+) Varahgiri Venkata Giri 3 May 1969 - 20 Jul 1969 (+1980) (acting)Mohammad Hidayatullah 20 Jul 1969 - 24 Aug 1969 (+1992) (acting)Varahgiri Venkata Giri 24 Aug 1969 - 24 Aug 1974 (+1980) Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 24 Aug 1974 - 11 Feb 1977 (+)Basappa Danappa Jatti 11 Feb 1977 - 25 Jul 1977 (+2002) (acting) Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 25 Jul 1977 - 25 Jul 1982 (+1996) Zail Singh 25 Jul 1982 - 25 Jul 1987 (+1994)Ramaswamy Iyer Venkataraman 25 Jul 1987 - 25 Jul 1992 (+2009) Shankar Dayal Sharma 25 Jul 1992 - 25 Jul 1997 (+1999) Kocheril Raman Narayanan 25 Jul 1997 - 25 Jul 2002 (+2005)Avul Pakiri Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam 25 Jul 2002 - 25 Jul 2007 Pratibha Patil 25 Jul 2007 - 25 Jul 2012Pranab Mukherjee 25 Jul 2012 –

BJP: Indian People's Party/Bharatiya Janata Party

BJS: Indian People's Union/Bharatiya Jana Sangh (+) BLD: Indian People's Party/Bharatiya Lok Dal (+) CPI(M): Communist Party of India (Marxist) INC: Indian National Congress (a.k.a. Indian Congress Party) INC(i): Indian National Congress-Indira Gandhi faction (+) JD: People's Party/Janata Dal JD(s): Janata Dal-Chandra Shekhar-faction (+) JP: People's Party/Janata Party (+) SHS: Shiv Sena Party TDP: Telugu Desam Party n/p: non-party;

Prime Ministers

Jawaharlal Nehru 15 Aug 1947 - 27 May 1964 (+) INC Gulzarilal Nanda 27 May 1964 - 2 Jun 1964 (+1998) INCLal Bahadur Shastri 2 Jun 1964 - 11 Jan 1966 (+) INC Gulzarilal Nanda 11 Jan 1966 - 19 Jan 1966 (+1998) INC Indira Gandhi 19 Jan 1966 - 24 Mar 1977 (+1984)a INC Morarji Desai 24 Mar 1977 - 28 Jul 1979 (+1995) JP Charan Singh 28 Jul 1979 - 14 Jan 1980 (+1987) JP/BLD Indira Gandhi 14 Jan 1980 - 31 Oct 1984 (+)a INC(i)Rajiv Gandhi 31 Oct 1984 - 2 Dec 1989 (+1991)a INC(i) Vishwanath Pratap Singh 2 Dec 1989 - 10 Nov 1990 (+2008) JD Chandra Shekhar 10 Nov 1990 - 21 Jun 1991 (+2007) JD(s) Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao 21 Jun 1991 - 16 May 1996 (+2004) INC(i)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee 16 May 1996 - 1 Jun 1996 BJP Haradanahalli Dodde Deve Gowda 1 Jun 1996 - 21 Apr 1997 JD Inder Kumar Gujral 21 Apr 1997 - 19 Mar 1998 JD Atal Bihari Vajpayee 19 Mar 1998 - 22 May 2004 BJP Manmohan Singh 22 May 2004 – INC

Speakers of the Lok Sabha

Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar 1952-1956 (+) INC Madabushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar 1956-1962 (+1978) INC Sardar Hukam Singh 1962-1967 (+1983) INC Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1967-1969 (+1996) n/p Gurundhayal Singh Dhillion 1969-1975 (+1992) INCBali Ram Bhagat 1976-1977 INC Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 1977 (+1996) n/p Kawdoor Sadaranda Hedge 1977-1980 (+1990) JP Balram Jakhar 1980-1989 INC(i)Rabi Ray 1989-1991 JD Shivraj Vishwanath Patil 1991-1996 INC(i) Purno Agitok Sangma 1996-1998 INC(i) Ganti Mohana Chandra Balayogi 1998-2002 (+)k TDP Manohar Joshi 2002-2004 SHS Somnath Chatterjee 2004-2009 CPI(M) Meira Kumar 2009- INC

StateHead of stateHead of government

Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai Albania President Bamir Topi Prime Minister Sali Berisha Algeria President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Prime Minister Ahmed Ouyahia Andorra Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília Representative Nemesi Marquès Oste Co-Prince Nicolas Sarkozy Representative Christian Frémont Prime Minister Jaume Bartumeu Angola President José Eduardo dos Santos Antigua and Barbuda Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Dame Louise Lake-Tack Prime Minister

Baldwin Spencer Argentina President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Armenia President Serzh Sargsyan Prime Minister Tigran Sargsyan Australia Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Quentin Bryce Prime Minister Julia Gillard Austria President Heinz Fischer Chancellor Werner Faymann Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev Prime Minister Artur Rasizade Bahamas Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Arthur Foulkes Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham Bahrain King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah Prime Minister Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah Bangladesh President Zillur Rahman Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Barbados Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Clifford Husbands Prime Minister Freundel Stuart

Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich Belgium King Albert II Prime Minister Yves Leterme Belize Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Colville Young Prime Minister Dean Barrow Benin President Yayi Boni Bhutan King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck Prime Minister Jigme Thinley Bolivia President Evo Morales Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency:[2] Nebojša Radmanović (Chairman) Željko Komšić (Member) Bakir Izetbegović (Member) Prime Minister Nikola Špirić Botswana President Ian Khama Brazil President Dilma Rousseff Brunei Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Bulgaria President Georgi Parvanov Prime Minister Boyko Borisov Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré Prime Minister Tertius Zongo Burma (Myanmar) Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe Prime Minister Thein Sein Burundi President Pierre Nkurunziza Cambodia King Norodom Sihamoni Prime Minister Hun Sen Cameroon President Paul Biya Prime Minister Philémon Yang Canada Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General David Johnston Prime Minister Stephen Harper Cape Verde President Pedro Pires Prime Minister José Maria Neves Central African Republic President François Bozizé Prime Minister Faustin-Archange Touadéra Chad President Idriss Déby Prime Minister Emmanuel Nadingar Chile President Sebastián Piñera China, People's Republic of President Hu Jintao Premier Wen Jiabao Colombia President Juan Manuel Santos Comoros President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi Congo-Brazzaville President Denis Sassou-Nguesso Congo-Kinshasa President Joseph Kabila Prime Minister Adolphe Muzito Costa Rica President Laura Chinchilla Côte d'Ivoire Disputed: President Laurent Gbagbo / Alassane Ouattara Disputed: Prime Minister Gilbert Aké / Guillaume Soro

Croatia President Ivo Josipović Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor Cuba President Raúl Castro Cyprus President Dimitris Christofias Czech Republic President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Petr Nečas Denmark Queen Margrethe II Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen Djibouti President Ismail Omar Guelleh Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita Dominica President Nicholas Liverpool Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit Dominican Republic President Leonel Fernández East Timor President José Ramos-Horta Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão Ecuador President Rafael Correa Egypt President Hosni Mubarak Prime Minister Ahmed Shafik El Salvador President Mauricio Funes Equatorial Guinea President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Prime Minister Ignacio Milam Tang Eritrea President Isaias Afewerki Estonia President Toomas Hendrik Ilves Prime Minister Andrus Ansip Ethiopia President Girma Wolde-Giorgis Prime Minister Meles Zenawi Fiji President Epeli Nailatikau Acting Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama Finland President Tarja Halonen Prime Minister Mari Kiviniemi France President Nicolas Sarkozy Prime Minister François Fillon Gabon President Ali Bongo Ondimba Prime Minister Paul Biyoghé Mba Gambia President Yahya Jammeh Georgia President Mikheil Saakashvili Prime Minister Nikoloz Gilauri Germany President Christian Wulff Chancellor Angela Merkel Ghana President John Atta Mills Greece President Karolos Papoulias Prime Minister George Papandreou Grenada Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Carlyle Glean Prime Minister Tillman Thomas Guatemala President Álvaro Colom Guinea President Alpha Condé Prime Minister Mohamed Said Fofana Guinea-Bissau President Malam Bacai Sanhá Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Júnior Guyana President Bharrat Jagdeo Prime Minister Sam Hinds Haiti President René Préval Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive Honduras President Porfirio Lobo Sosa Hungary President Pál Schmitt Prime Minister Viktor Orbán Iceland President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir India President Pranab mukherjee Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Indonesia President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Iran Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Iraq President Jalal Talabani Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki Ireland President Mary McAleese Taoiseach Brian Cowen Israel President Shimon Peres Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu Italy President Giorgio Napolitano Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi Jamaica Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Patrick Allen Prime Minister Bruce Golding

Japan Emperor Akihito Prime Minister Naoto Kan Jordan King Abdullah II Prime Minister Samir Rifai Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev Prime Minister Karim Massimov Kenya President Mwai Kibaki Prime Minister Raila Odinga Kiribati President Anote Tong Kuwait Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Prime Minister Nasser Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah Kyrgyzstan President Roza Otunbayeva Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev Laos President Choummaly Sayasone Prime Minister Thongsing Thammavong Latvia President Valdis Zatlers Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis Lebanon President Michel Suleiman Prime Minister Saad Hariri Prime Minister-designate Najib Mikati Lesotho King Letsie III Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili Liberia President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Libya Guide of the Revolution Muammar al-Gaddafi Secretary General of the General People's Congress Mohamed Abdul Quasim al-Zwai Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II Prince-Regent Alois Prime Minister Klaus Tschütscher Lithuania President Dalia Grybauskaitė Prime Minister Andrius Kubilius Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker Macedonia President Gjorge Ivanov Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina Prime Minister Albert Camille Vital Malawi President Bingu WA Mutharika Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong Mizan Zainal Abidin Prime Minister Najib Razak Maldives President Mohamed Nasheed Mali President Amadou Toumani Touré Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé Malta President George Abela Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi Marshall Islands President Jurelang Zedkaia Mauritania President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz Prime Minister Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf Mauritius President Anerood Jugnauth Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam Mexico President Felipe Calderón Micronesia, Federated States of President Manny Mori Moldova Acting President Marian Lupu Prime Minister Vlad Filat Monaco Prince Albert II Minister of State Michel Roger Mongolia President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Prime Minister Sükhbaataryn Batbold Montenegro President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Igor Lukšić Morocco King Muhammad VI Prime Minister Abbas El Fassi Mozambique President Armando Guebuza Prime Minister Aires Ali Namibia President Hifikepunye Pohamba Prime Minister Nahas Angula Nauru President Marcus Stephen Nepal President Ram Baran Yadav Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal Netherlands Queen Beatrix Prime Minister Mark Rutte New Zealand Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Anand Satyanand Prime Minister John Key

Nicaragua President Daniel Ortega Niger Chairman of the Supreme Council for the Restoration of DemocracySalou Djibo Prime Minister Mahamadou Danda Nigeria President Goodluck Jonathan North Korea Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong-Il Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam Eternal President Kim Il-sung[3] Premier Choe Yong-rim Norway King Harald V Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg Oman Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani Palau President Johnson Toribiong Panama President Ricardo Martinelli Papua New Guinea Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Michael Ogio Prime Minister Michael Somare Paraguay President Fernando Lugo Peru President Alan García Prime Minister José Antonio Chang Philippines President Benigno Aquino III Poland President Bronisław Komorowski Prime Minister Donald Tusk Portugal President Aníbal Cavaco Silva Prime Minister José Sócrates Qatar Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani Romania President Traian Băsescu Prime Minister Emil Boc Russia President Dmitry Medvedev Prime Minister Vladimir Putin Rwanda President Paul Kagame Prime Minister Bernard Makuza Saint Kitts and Nevis Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian Prime Minister Denzil Douglas Saint Lucia Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Dame Pearlette Louisy Prime Minister Stephenson King Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Frederick Ballantyne Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves Samoa O le Ao o le Malo Tufuga Efi Prime Minister Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi San Marino Captain Regent Giovanni Francesco Ugolini Captain Regent Andrea Zafferani São Tomé and Príncipe President Fradique de Menezes Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada Saudi Arabia King Abdullah Senegal President Abdoulaye Wade Prime Minister Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye Serbia President Boris Tadić Prime Minister Mirko Cvetković Seychelles President James Michel Sierra Leone President Ernest Bai Koroma Singapore President Sellapan Ramanathan Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong Slovakia President Ivan Gašparovič Prime Minister Iveta Radičová Slovenia President Danilo Türk Prime Minister Borut Pahor Solomon Islands Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Sir Frank Kabui Prime Minister Danny Philip Somalia President Sharif Ahmed Prime Minister Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed

South Africa President Jacob Zuma South Korea President Lee Myung-bak Prime Minister Kim Hwang-sik Spain King Juan Carlos I Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero Sri Lanka President Mahinda Rajapaksa Prime Minister D. M. Jayaratne Sudan President Omar al-Bashir Suriname President Dési Bouterse Swaziland King Mswati III Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt Switzerland Federal Council[4]: Micheline Calmy-Rey (Pres.), Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf (VP), Doris Leuthard, Ueli Maurer,Didier Burkhalter, Simonetta Sommaruga, Johann Schneider-Ammann Syria President Bashar al-Assad Prime Minister Mohamed al-Otari Tajikistan President Emomalii Rahmon Prime Minister Oqil Oqilov Tanzania President Jakaya Kikwete Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda Thailand King Bhumibol Adulyadej Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva Togo President Faure Gnassingbé Prime Minister Gilbert Houngbo Tonga King George Tupou V Prime Minister Siale'ataonga Tu'ivakano Trinidad and Tobago President George Maxwell Richards Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar Tunisia Acting President Fouad Mebazaa Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi Turkey President Abdullah Gül Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Turkmenistan President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Tuvalu Queen Elizabeth II[1] Governor General Iakoba Italeli Prime Minister Willy Telavi Uganda President Yoweri Museveni Prime Minister Apolo Nsibambi Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych Prime Minister Mykola Azarov United Arab Emirates President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II[1] Prime Minister David Cameron United States President Barack Obama Uruguay President José Mujica Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev Vanuatu President Iolu Abil Prime Minister Sato Kilman Vatican City Pope Benedict XVI President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo Venezuela President Hugo Chávez Vietnam President Nguyễn Minh Triết Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh Prime Minister Ali Mohammed Mujur Zambia President Rupiah Banda Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai

WHO INVENTED WHAT

Who invented what ? If asked to tell who invented everyday things like the TV, the camera, the automobile or the calculator, most people would be at a complete loss to give an answer (me included). I have therefore made a little research on the topic and found the following.

Glasses (1280's, Italy)Mechanical clock (1335, Italy)Viol (viola da gamba) and Cello (late 15th and 16th century, Italy)Pocket watch (1510, Germany)Invented by Peter Henlein.Violin (Early 16th century, Italy)Thermometer- 1593 : Invented by Galileo (Italy)- 1714 : Mercury thermometer invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (Poland/Netherlands)Invented by Galileo Galilei.Microscope (1595, Netherlands)Invented by Zacharias Janssen.Telescope- late 11th century : astronomical lenses (Sweden)- 13th century : experimental telescopes built by Francis Bacon (UK)- 1595/1608 : refracting telescope (Netherlands)- 1609 : improved by Galileo (Italy)

[B]Newspaper (1605, Belgium/France/Germany)The world's firstprintednewspapers were theRelation aller fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historienpublished in Strasbourg (Germany at the time, now France), and theNieuwe Tijdingen, published the same year in Antwerp (part of the Spanish Netherlands at the time, now Belgium).Calculator - 1623 : automatic calculator invented by Wilhelm Schickard (Germany)- 1642 : adding machine invented by Blaise Pascal (France)- 1954 : electronic calculator invented by IBM (USA)Barometer (1643, Italy)Invented by Evangelista Torricelli.Daily newspaper (1645, Germany)TheEinkommende Zeitungenin Lepizing.Pendulum clock (1657, Netherlands)Invented by Christiaan Huygens.Clarinet (1690, Germany)Invented by Johann Christoph Denner.Steam engine (1698, UK)Invented by Thomas Savery in 1698, and improved by James Watt in 1769.Piano (early 1700's, Italy)Invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence.Magazine (England, 1731)The Gentleman's Magazine was the world's first general-interest magazine.Hot air balloon (France, 1782-83)Invented by the brothers Josef and Etienne Montgolfier.Parachute (1785, France) Invented by Jean Pierre BlanchardSteam boat (1786, USA)First built by John Fitch.Engine - 1791 : Gas turbine patented by John Barber (England).- 1826 : Reciprocating internal combustion engine patented by Samuel Morey (USA)- 1867 : Petrol engine developed by Nikolaus Otto (Germany)- 1892 : Diesel engine invented by Rudolph Diesel (Germany)- 1924-57 : Rotary engine developed by Felix Wankel (Germany)

- 1936-39 : Jet engine developed simultaneously by Frank Whittle (England) and Hans von Ohain (Germany).

Submarine (1800, USA/France)Invented by American Robert Fulton commissioned by Napoleon. First launched in France.Ambulance service (early 1800's, France)Modern method of army surgery, field hospitals and the system of army ambulance corps invented by Dominique Jean Larrey, surgeon-in-chief of the Napoleonic armies.Refrigerator- First refrigerator invented in 1805 by Oliver Evans (USA)- World's first practical refrigerator invented by James Harrison (Australia) in 1856.Railway (1820, UK)The idea of the railway dates back to Roman times, 2000 years ago, when horse-drawn vehicles were set on cut-stone tracks. In 1802, the first modern horse-drawn train appeared in England, and the first steam powered train was however launched in 1820, also in England.Comic strips (1820's, Switzerland)Swiss Rodolphe Toepffer was probably the first modern cartoonist.Photography- First photograph => 1825, France- Silver photo => 1840, France- Negative => 1840, UK- Colour photography => 1861 by James Clerk Maxwell (Scotland)Gas stove/cooker (1826, England)First patented and manufactured by James Sharp.Tramway :- first horse-drawn carriage on rail in 1828 in Baltimore, USA.- first cable-car in 1868 in New York.- first steam-powered tram in 1873- first electric tram in 1880 in St. Petersburg, Russia, and in 1881 in Berlin, Germany.Saxophone (1840's, BelgiumInvented by Adolphe Sax.Telegraph (1844, USA)Invented by Samuel MorseTelephone (1849, Italy)The invention of the telephone has long been credited to the Scot Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. However, the Italian Antonio Meucci is now recognised to have invented the device as early as 1849.Dishwasher (1850-1886, USA)Steam-powered airship (1852, France)- Invented by Henri Giffard.Light bulb (1854, Germany)The first practical light bulb was invented in 1854 by Heinrich Goebel.Metro/Subway (1863, Britain)The London Underground was the first rapid transit network in the world.Vacuum cleaner (1865, USA)Wrist watch (1868, Switzerland => Patek Philippe & Co.)Radio- Radio waves => 1874, Scotland- Radio Transmission => 1893-96, USAPhonograph (1877, USA)Invented by Thomas Alva Edison, although based on France-born Leon Scott's 1857 phonautograph.Cash register (1879, USA)Invented by James Ritty.Television- First TV => 1884, Germany- TV tube => 1907, Russia- Electronic TV & Broadcast => 1927, USAMotorcycle (1885, Germany)First designed and built by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach

Car/Automobile (1886, Germany)Developed independently and simultaneously by Carl Benz in Mannheim, amd Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart.Animation (1892, France)First animated film created by Emile Reynaud.Cinema (1894, France)Cinematograph invented by the Lumiere brothers.Electric stove/cooker (1896, USA)First patented by William S. Hadaway.Traffic lights (1914, USA)Parking meter (1935, USA)Helicopter (1939, Russia)Developed by Igor SikorskyMicrowave oven (1947, USA)Invented by Percy Spencer.Atomic clock (1949, USA)Charge/credit card (1950, USA => Diner's Club)Video Games (1951-58, USA/UK)Invention disputed between 3 people, 2 Americans and a Briton.Laserdisk (1958, USA; commercialised by MCA and Philips in 1972)Photocopier (1959, USA => Xerox)Soft contact lenses (1961, Czech)Invented by Otto Wichterle.Cassette tape (1967, Netherlands => Philips)LCD screen (1968, Germany)Quartz watch (1969, Japan => Seiko)Video tape (1972, Netherlands - Philips, later replaced by JVC's VHS)Walkman (1977, Germany => commercialised by the Japanese Sony from 1979)Compact Disk (1982, Netherlands/Germany - Philips)CD-ROM (1985, Netherlands/Japan => Philips/Sony)Minidisk (1991, Japan => Sony)-----------------------

Let's now list inventions by countries.USA- Steam boat- Submarine- Regrigerator- Telegraph- Tramway- Dishwasher- Vacuum cleaner- Radio transmission- Phonograph- Cash register- Eletric stove/cooker- Electronic TV & TV Broadcast- Microwave oven- Atomic clock- Charge/credit card- Electronic calculator- Video games- Laserdisk- Photocopier- Traffic lights- Parking meterAustralia- RefigeratorUK- Magazine

- Steam engine- Gas turbine- Railway- Gas stove/cooker- Negative & colour photography- Metro/Subway- Radio waves- Jet engine- Video GamesFrance- Adding machine- Hot air balloon- Parachute- Submarine- Ambulance service- Photography- Airship- Animation- CinemaItaly- Glasses- Viol and cello- Mechanical clock- Violin- Thermometer- Barometer- Piano- TelephoneSwiterland- Comic strips- Wrist watchCzech Rep.- Soft contact lensesGermany- Newspaper- Clarinet- Pocket watch- Automated calculator- Light bulb- TV- Petrol/gasoline & Diesel engines- Automobile (+engine, differential gear...)- Motorcycle- Jet engine- LCD screen- WalkmanNetherlands- Microscope

- Telescope- Pendulum clock- Mercury thermometer- Audio tape- Video tape- CD- CD-ROMBelgium- Newspaper- SaxophoneJapan- Quartz watch- CD-ROM- MDRussia - Tube TV- Helicopter

WHO INVENTED WHAT ?

WHO INVENTED SEWING MACHINE ?A German named Charles Wiesenthal who lived in England got patented the needle that he designed for sewing machine in 1755. It was in 1790 Thomas Saint, who was an English inventor and a maker of cabinets got a copyright for a sewing machine as a whole. This machine was designed to sew leather but it could not produce results and failed. Though Balthazar Krems invented an automated sewing machine to sew caps in 1810 but he did not get it patented. There were few unsuccessful tries too. In 1814 Josef Madersperger was able to get patent for his unsuccessful machine. Thomas Stone and James Henderson got French patent for their machine and Scott John Duncans for his embroidery machine in 1804 but both machines were a great failure.The French tailor Barthelemy Thimonnier invented the first sewing machine that could function in 1830. The machine used a single thread and a needle which was hooked. The other tailors burnt his shop and almost killed him as they thought the new invention might bring unemployment.It was in 1834 that America’s first successful machine came up and the man behind this was Walter Hunt who took no interest in getting a patent for it due to the fear that it might cause unemployment. It was in 1846 that Elias Howe got the first American patent for a sewing machine that had one pointed eye and accepted thread from two sources.The mass production of machines started in 1850 when Isaac Singer invented the machine that was commercially successful.

WHO INVENTED REFRIGERATOR ?It was in 18th century that the process of invention of refrigerator started. In 1748 William Cullen of University of Glasgow developed a process for creating an artificial cooling medium. No one took interest in it for commercial or home consumption, it only attracted scientific attention. An American inventor Oliver Evans made the first design for the refrigerator in 1804 but until 1834 none was interested in the same. Jacob Perkins built the first refrigeration machine in

1834. In 1844, a physician John Gorrie built a working unit on the basis of Oliver’s designs. He constructed this unit to create cooling atmosphere for his patients who were suffering from yellow fever.In 1876 Carl von Linden invented the improved method of liquefying gas and got it patented. This was a great help in the creation of practical refrigerator. Ammonia, sulphur dioxide and methyl chloride were utilized for the formation of this gas which led to many accidents. The need led to the development of Freon and was used in bulk till it was found that it was not environment friendly and affected the ozone layer.The gas compounds have now changed to safer compounds which compress and heat up working to cool the inside air of the refrigerator. Without this adjustment the working of the refrigerator seems impossible. It has been a work of many great inventors that the present form of refrigerators has simplified the work.

WHO INVENTED WALKMAN ?Walkman is actually a Sony trademark and was the name used for portable tape or cassette deck players. These were meant for the listening pleasure of a single person and the trademark was later expanded for other portable Sony devices for audio and video entertainment. The term Walkman is also given to a range of the Sony Erricson range of mobile phones which also became immensely popular. Walkman was a device that was designed and created by audio engineer Nobutoshi Kihara who worked for Sony.The Sony co-chairman Akio Morita wanted a device where he could listen to his favorite operas during the Trans Atlantic flights. The concept was well liked and was originally marketed in Japan in 1979 and was sensational, since it gave freedom to young people to listen to their music with light weight headphones.Even though Morita hated the name Walkman, the name stuck on and the promotional campaign using the name had already begun and to change the name midway would have been extremely expensive for the company. In 2007 March, the digital flash based video walkman was released and was named the A800 series.The Walkman by Sony faced stiff competition from other companies such as Toshiba, Aiwa, Panasonic etc, but the personalization of the gadget worked in its favor for almost 20 years and the essential design remained unchanged.

WHO INVENTED TELEVISION ?The names of many are associated with the invention of the television. The two people who worked on the same appliance at two totally different places were Vladimir Kosma Zworykin; a Russian who was born in America and worked for Westinghouse Corporation, the other was a farm boy from Utah, Philo Taylor Farnsworth. Zworykin was the one who got his electron scanning tube also known as iconoscope patented first, in the year 1923 and was thus thought of as the inventor of modern television. The quality of his work was very poor and not appreciated.It was on September 7, 1927 that Fransworth gave a successful demonstration for the transmission of the television signals for which he used his self designed scanning tube and received the patent for the same in the year 1930.The patent for a similar type of tube was also applied for by Zworykin in 1923 but he was refused the same as the tube was not in a functional state. He could make a functional tube in the year 1934 and got the patent for it in 1938.Many people acclaim John Logie Baird to be the original inventor of television as he was the one to give the very first live demonstration of the working television which had images that moved and had tone graduation on 26 January in the year 1926

.WHO INVENTED TOILET ?Toilets as we know today have existed for about a century only. Earlier homes

didn’t have the flushing toilet and even taking a bath was considered quite a luxury. The flush toilet is the most popular toilet that is used the world over and were known as water closets in the 19th century. Though the concept has been in use for a long period. Around 4000 years ago, in the Indus valley Civilization, toilets and sewers were an integral part to the city planning. The water flushing toilets were usually used by the affluent and these were linked to the drains that were also covered.Remnants of water flushing toilets were also found at Skara Brae in Oakney, Scotland around 3100 BC – 2500 BC. The Pharaohs and ancient Persia also had toilets around the 18th century BC. While toilets during the roman times were a part of the public bath houses.In the US, it was estimated that 90 liters of water were used by individuals in the flushing toilets everyday. Now newer designs are being implemented and researched that will reduce the water consumption and wastage. In many homes and offices, dual flush toilets are in use that is meant for reducing the wastage of water. The dual system uses less water for flushing smaller loads of wastage.

WHO INVENTED VACUUM CLEANER ?Vacuum cleaners are used for residential, commercial and industrial purposes. They are also known as hoovers or even sweepers are used for sucking up both dry and wet wastes from the surroundings. The dirt that is collected is collected in a bag for later disposal. The first documented Vacuum cleaners were invented by Daniel Hess in the United States in 1860 and were called a carpet sweeper. Just like the modem Vacuum cleaners, it also had a rotating brush and had a bellow mechanism that was quite complex for sucking out the dirt and the filth from the carpets. Hess received a patent for his vacuum cleaner on July 10, 1860.The first few vacuum cleaners that were invented were operated manually. Till 1900’s most vacuum cleaners that were invented by Ives W McGraffy, Melville Bissell and others were manual ones. Soon after the motorized versions of the vacuum cleaners began to be produced. John H Thurman created a gasoline powered carper cleaner for the General Compressed Air Company. However this design wasn’t very successful, since the dust was blown into receptacle rather than the dust being sucked in as the cleaners do now.The first vacuum cleaners were quite bulky, stand up and couldn’t be easily moved. After Electrolux launched its model V that lay on the floor with metal runners future machines would standardize this pattern. Now robotic vacuum cleaners can clean the place effortlessly.

WHAT IS CAG?

The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India (Hindi: भारत के नि�यंत्रक-महालेखापरीक्षक) is an authority, established by the Constitution of India under Chapter V, who audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India and the state governments, including those of bodies and authorities substantially financed by the government. The CAG is also the external auditor of government-owned companies. The reports of the CAG are taken into consideration by the Public Accounts Committees, which are special committees in the Parliament of India and the state

legislatures. The CAG is also the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department, which has over 58,000 employees across the country.The CAG is ranked 9th and enjoys the same status as a judge of Supreme Court of India in Indian order of precedence. The current CAG of India is Vinod Rai, who was appointed on 7 January 2008. He is the 11th CAG of India.Recently the CAG under Vinod Rai has constantly been in the limelight for its reports exposing mega corruption, particularly in 2G spectrum scam, CWG scam and Coal mining scam.[3] [4]

Importance of CAGThe office of CAG has been given utmost importance by the Constitution makers. As per the Constitution of India retired C&AG; can not take up any position or post under Govt of India or any other private body. C&AG;'s removal procedure is similar to that of removal of a Judge of Supreme Court of India.

Prominent audit reports

Following are some of the most debated CAG reports:

2G Spectrum allocationMain article: 2G Spectrum scamA CAG report on issue of Licences and Allocation of 2G Spectrum resulted in a huge controversy. The report estimated that there was a presumptive loss of 176,645 crore (US$32.15 billion).[18] In a chargesheet filed on 2 April 2011 by the investigating agency Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the agency pegged the loss at 30,984.55 crore (US$5.64 billion)[19]All the speculations of profit, loss and no-loss were put to rest on 2 February 2012 when the Supreme Court of India on a public interest litigation (PIL) declared allotment of spectrum as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued in 2008 during tenure of A. Raja (then minister for communications & IT) the main accused.[20] The court further said that A. Raja "wanted to favour some companies at the cost of the public exchequer" and "virtually gifted away important national asset".[21]Revenue loss calculation was further established on 3 August 2012 when according to the directions of the Supreme Court, Govt of India revised the reserve price for 2G spectrum to 14,000 crore (US$2.55 billion)[22] [23]

Coal Mine AllocationMain article: Coal Mining ScamA 2012 CAG report Coal Mine Allocation received massive media and political reaction as well as public outrage. During the 2012 monsoon session of the Parliament, the BJP protested the Government's handling of the issue demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister and refused to have a debate in the Parliament. The deadlock resulted in Parliament functioning only seven of the twenty days of the session.[24] [25] The CAG report criticised the Government by saying it had the authority to allocate coal blocks by a process of competitive bidding, but chose not to.[26] As a result, both public sector enterprises (PSEs)

and private firms paid less than they might have otherwise. In its draft report in March the CAG estimated that the "windfall gain" to the allocatees was 1,067,303 crore (US$194.25 billion).[26] The CAG Final Report tabled in Parliament put the figure at 185,591 crore (US$33.78 billion)[27]While the initial CAG report suggested that coal blocks could have been allocated more efficiently, resulting in more revenue to the government, at no point did it suggest that corruption was involved in the allocation of coal. Over the course of 2012, however, the question of corruption came to dominate the discussion. In response to a complaint by the BJP, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) directed the CBI to investigate the matter. The CBI named a dozen Indian firms in a First Information Report (FIR), the first step in a criminal investigation. These FIRs accuse them of overstating their net worth, failing to disclose prior coal allocations, and hoarding rather than developing coal allocations.[28] [29] The CBI officials investigating the case have speculated that bribery may be involved.[28]

Public Sector Undertakings and Public Sector Banks.Cases in which the financial interests of the Central Government are involved.Cases relating to the breaches of Central Laws with the enforcement of which the Government of India is mainly concerned.Big cases of fraud, cheating, embezzlement and the like relating to companies in which large funds are involved and similar other cases when committed by organised gangs or professional criminals having ramifications in several States.Cases having interstate and international ramifications and involving several official agencies where, from all angles, it is considered necessary that a single investigating agency should be incharge of the investigation.Power and jurisdiction of High Courts and Supreme CourtNotwithstanding above limitations, the High Courts and the Supreme Court of India have the power and jurisdiction to order a CBI investigation into a cognizable offence alleged to have been committed within the territory of a State without the consent of that State. This matter was settled by a five judge constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India (in Civil Appeal 6249, 6250 Of 2001) on 17 Feb 2010. The bench said:Being the protectors of civil liberties of the citizens, this Court and the High Courts have not only the power and jurisdiction but also an obligation to protect the fundamental rights, guaranteed by Part III in general and under Article 21 of the Constitution in particular, zealously and vigilantly.—A five judge constitutional bench of Supreme Court of India, [6]At the same time, the court clarified that this extraordinary power must be exercised sparingly, cautiously and in exceptional situations.

Mishandling of cases

Normally, cases assigned to the CBI are sensitive and of national importance. It is a usual practice for the respective state police departments, to initially register any case coming under its jurisdiction, and if necessary, through mediation by the central government, the cases may be transferred to the CBI. The CBI handles many high profile cases, and is never far from controversy. The CBI has come under severe criticism recently for its mishandling of several scams.[17] [18] Bofors scandal

Main article: Bofors scandalIn January 2006, it was found that CBI had quietly unfrozen bank accounts of Italian businessman Ottavio Quattrocchi, one of the prime accused in the Bofors scandal of 1986 which had tainted the Rajiv Gandhi government.[19] The CBI was responsible for the inquiry into the Bofors Case. Associates of then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi were linked to alleged pay-offs made in the mid-1980s by the Swedish arms firm AB Bofors, with $40 million in kickbacks moved from Britain and Panama to secret Swiss banks. The 410 howitzer field guns purchased in the $1,300 million arms sale were reported to be inferior to those offered by a French competitor.

The CBI, which unfroze Rs 21 crore in a London bank in accounts held by Bofors scam accused Quattrocchi and his wife Maria in 2006, has facilitated his travel across the globe by asking Interpol to take him off the “wanted” list on 29 Apr 2009. Following a communication from the CBI, Interpol withdrew the Red Corner Notice against Quattrocchi.[20] The development, that came barely three weeks before the end of the Manmohan Singh government’s tenure, brought the issue of the Bofors scandal back to centre stage. It is often suspected that ruling governments interfere with the work of the CBI, and the handling of the Bofors investigation by CBI under Congress governments has created a new synonym for CBI. After letting off the Bofors accused, Oppositions have never tired to call it the 'Congress Bureau of Investigation'.[21] [22]

Hawala scandalMain article: Hawala scandalIn 1991 an arrest linked to militants in Kashmir led to a raid on hawala brokers, revealing evidence of large-scale payments to national politicians. The prosecution that followed was partly prompted by a public interest petition (see Vineet Narain), and yet the court cases of the Hawala scandal eventually all collapsed without convictions. The CBI's role was again criticised. In concluding the Vineet Narain case, the Supreme Court of India directed that the Central Vigilance Commission should be given a supervisory role over the CBI.[23]

Priyadarshini Mattoo murder caseMain article: Priyadarshini MattooThe CBI has been under a cloud owing to its handling of the Priyadarshini Mattoo case, in which Santosh Kumar Singh, the alleged murderer of a 22-year-old law student was acquitted for what the case judge called "deliberate inaction" by the investigating team. The accused was the son of a high-ranking officer in the Indian Police Service, due to which the case had been shifted from the regular police force to the CBI. However, the 1999 judgment commented on how "the influence of the father of the accused has

been there".Embarrassed by the judgment, the-then CBI Director, R K Raghavan, requested two Special Directors, P C Sharma and Gopal Achari, to study the judgement. Subsequently the CBI appealed the verdict in Delhi High court in 2000, after which the High Court issued a bailable warrant against the accused. The case was again prominent in 2006 after much media coverage and public bashing (this was mainly due to a similar acquittal in another high profile case, though not handled by the CBI). The CBI filed an application for early hearing in July 2006. The High Court subsequently found Santosh Kumar Singh guilty of rape and murder and awarded a death sentence for the same in October 2006.[citation needed]

Nithari KillingsThe CBI was given the responsibility of investigating the murders of dozens of children in the Nithari village near Noida, UP. This was after the local police was found to be incompetent and lethargic in their investigations. The serial killings were in the Indian and international media for weeks since decomposing bodies were found outside the house of the accused Moninder Singh Pandher.

Dawood Ibrahim caseIn August 2007, the CBI asked its Pakistani counterpart, the Federal Investigation Agency, for its comments on recent media reports about the detention of Dawood Ibrahim by authorities in Karachi.

Sister Abhaya murder caseSister Abhaya murder case concerns a nun, who was found dead in a water well in Saint Pius X convent hostel in Kottayam, Kerala on 27 March 1992. Altogether there were five CBI inquiries into the murder case so far without any tangible results.

Sohrabuddin caseCBI has been accused of acting for the ruling party Congress (UPA) to trap its opposition party mainly BJP. CBI, which is dealing with the Sohrabuddin case in Gujrat, questioned Geeta Johri an IPS officer, who claims the CBI is pressuring her to falsely implicate former Gujarat Minister Amit Shah in the Sohrabuddin fake encounter case, Rajkot Police Commissioner Geeta Johri has alleged in the Supreme Court.[24]

Sant Singh Chatwal caseSant Singh Chatwal was an accused in the CBI’s records for 14 years. CBI had filed two chargesheets naming him as accused; sent Letters Rogatory abroad; even sent a probe team to the US and put Chatwal and his wife behind bars from 2 to 5 February 1997. On 30 May 2007 and 10 August 2008, former CBI Directors Vijay Shankar and Ashwani Kumar respectively signed orders saying there was no need to challenge the discharge of Sant Singh Chatwal and his co-accused. This was done in spite of advice of a string of investigators – including a Special Director and Joint Director – and it was decided not to appeal his discharge.This, in effect, closed the principal case of bank fraud in which Chatwal had been embroiled for over a decade. Along with four others, Chatwal was charged with being part of a “criminal conspiracy” to defraud the Bank of India’s New York branch to the tune of US $8,992,815 (Rs 28.32 crore). In all, four

chargesheets were filed by the CBI, with Chatwal named as accused in two. The trials in the other two cases are still in progress. RTI applicant Krishnanand Tripathi was denied access to public information concerning the closed cases. CIC later ordered the CBI to disclose the information. But CBI has recently been exempted from RTI act and it is unclear if this information will be disclosed. Sant Singh Chatwal has been awarded with Padma Bhushan despite these cases.[25] [26] [27]

Malankara Varghese murder caseThe Malankara Varghese murder case concerns the death of T. M. Varghese also known as Malankara Varghese, a member of Malankara Orthodox Church's managing committee and a timber merchant in 5 December 2002.On 9 May 2010 charged Father Varghese Thekkekara, a priest and manager of the Angamali diocese in the rival Jacobite Syrian Christian Church (a part of the Syriac Orthodox Church) with conspiracy in the murder of Malankara Varghese and named him as the prime accused. Till date, the prime accused has not been arrested, CBI is highly being criticised for this by Kerala High Court and Media.[28]Bhopal gas tragedyThe public perceived that the CBI was very ineffective in trying the Bhopal gas tragedy case. The former CBI joint director B. R. Lall has now confessed that he was asked to remain soft on extraditing the Union Carbide CEO Warren Anderson,[29] and dropped charges, including culpable homicide, against those accused in this case, who received two-year sentences.[30]

2G Spectrum ScamMain article: 2G spectrum scamRadio spectrum which is a precious and scarce natural resource of national importance was allotted by UPA government at throwaway prices to companies through corrupt and illegal means. Supreme Court of India pulled up the CBI many times for its tardy progress in the investigations.[31] [32] It was only after the SC decided to monitor its investigations[33] [34] [35] that CBI moved faster and arrests of high profile persons were made.

lo bhai general gk... Inventions and Discoveries by Scientist - A to Z List

Adding Machine, 1642. Inventor : Blaise Pascal (France) (1623-62). Earliest commercial machine invented by William Burroughs (U.S.) in St. Louis, Missouri in 1885. Airplane, 1903. Inventors: Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright (1867-1912), (U.S.) Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.Antiseptic, 1867. Inventor : Dr. Joseph Lister (England).Arc Lamp, 1879. Inventor : C.F. Brush (U.S.) (1849-1929). Cleveland, Ohio.Aspirin, 1899. Inventor : Dr. Felix Hoffman, Germany.Atom Bomb, 1945. Inventor : Julius Robert Oppenheimer (U.S) (1904-1967).

Automobile (steam), c. 1769. Inventor : Nicolas Cugnot (France) (1725-1804). Three-wheeled military tractor. Oldest surviving is Italian Bordino (1854) in Turin.Automobile (gasoline), 1855. Inventor : Karl Benz (Germany) (1844-1929). Earliest model by Father Ferdinand Verbiest (d. 1687) c. 1665 in China. Earliest internal combustion automobile built (1862-63) by Jean Joseph Etienne Lenior (1822-1900) (France). First run by Benz Motorwagon, Manneheim in November or December 1885. Patented in January 29,1886. First powered handcartwith internal combustion engine was by Siegfried Marcus (Austria) (c. 1864).Balloon, 1783. Inventor : Jacques Montgolfier (1755-99) and Joseph Montgolfier (France) (1740-1810). Tethered flight, Paris (October 15); manned free flight, Paris.Ballpoint Pen, 1888. Inventor : John J. Loud (U.S.). First practical models by Ladisloa and George Biro (Hungary) in 1938.Bullet, 1849. Inventor : Claude Minie (France).Car Radio, 1929. Inventors : William Lear and Elmer Wavering (USA).Cement, 1824. Inventor : Joseph Aspdin (England).Cinema, 1895. Inventors: Auguste Marie Louis Nocolas Lumicre (1862-1954) and Louis Jean Lumiere (France) (1864-1948). Development pioneers were Etienne Jules Marcy (France) (1830-1903) and Thomas A. Edison (U.S.) (1847-1931). First public showing, Paris (December 28, 1895)Clock (mechanical), 725. Inventors: I-Hsing and Liang Ling-Tsan (China). Earliest escapement 600 years before Europe.Clock (pendulum), 1657. Inventor : Christian Huygens (Netherlands) (1629-92).Diesel Engine, 1895. Inventor : Rudolf Diesel (Germany) (1858-1913). Lower pressure oil engine patent by Stuart Akroyd, 1890. Diesel's first commercial success, Augsberg, 1897.Electric Battery, 1800. Inventor : Volta (Italian)Electric Fan, 1882. Inventor : Wheeler (USA). Electric Flat Iron, 1882. Inventor : H.W. Seeley (U.S.), New York City.Electric Generation (Static), 1660. Inventor : Otto von Gueriche (Germany).Electric Lamp, 1879. Inventor : Thomas Alva Edison (U.S.) (1847-1931). First practical demonstration at Menlo Park, New Jersey.Electric Motor (DC), 1873. Inventor : Zenobe Gramme (Belgium) (1826-1901). Exhibited in Vienna.Electric Motor (AC), 1888. Inventor : Nikola Tesla (U.S.) (1856-1943).Electromagnet, 1824. Inventor : William Sturgeon (England) (b. 1783); improved by Joseph Henry (U.S.) 1831.Elevator, 1852. Inventor : Elisha G. Otis (U.S.) (1811-61). Earliest elevator at Yonkers, N.Y.Film (musical), 1923. Inventor : Dr. Lee de Forest (U.S.) New York demonstration (March 13).Film (talking), 1926. Inventor : Warner Bros. (U.S.). First release Don Juan, Warner Theatre, New York (August 5).Fountain Pen, 1884. Inventor : Lewis E. Waterman (U.S.) (1837-1901). Patented by D. Hyde (U.S.), 1830, undeveloped.Glass (stained), c. 1080. Inventor : Augsberg (Germany). Earliest English, c. 1170, York Minister.Glider, 1853. Inventor : Sir George Cayley (England) (1773-1857). Near Brompton Hall, Yorkshire, England. Passenger possibly John Appleby.Gramophone, 1878. Inventor : Thomas Edison (USA).

Helicopter, 1930. Inventor : d' Ascanio (Italy). Co-axial machine. Earliest drawing of principle, Le Mans Museum, France, c. 1460. First serviceable machine by Igor Sikorsky (U.S.). 1939.Jet Engine, 1937. Inventor : Sir Frank Whittle (England) (b. 1906). First tested run in 1937. Principles announced by Merconnet (France) 1909 and Maxime Guillaume (France) 1921. First flight August 27, 1939 by Heinkel He.Laws of Gravitation and Motion, 1687. Discovered : Isaac Newton (England).Loudspeaker, 1924. Inventor : Chester W. Rice and Edward W. Kellogg (U.S.).Machine Gun, 1861. Inventor : Richard Gaffing (U.S.) (1818-1903).Maps, c. 2500 BC. Inventor : Sumerians (clay tablets). Earliest world map by Eratosthenes c. 220 BC.Microphone, 1876. Inventor : Alexander Graham Bell (U.S.) (1847-1922). Name coined 1878 by David Hughes.Microscope, 1590. Inventor : Zacharis Janssen (Netherlands). Compound convex-concave lens.Motorcycle, 1848. Inventor : Edward Butler (England). First exhibited 1885 by Daimler, earliest factory in Munich 1893.Motor Scooter, 1919. Inventor : Greville Bradshaw (England)Paper, c. 150. Invented in China. Introduced to West via Yarkand, c. 750.Parachute, 1797. Inventor : Andre Jacques Garnerin (France) (1769-1823). First descent from 2,230 ft over Paris. Earliest jump from aircraft March 1, 1912 by Capt A. Berry (U.S.) over St. Louis, Missouri.Photography (on metal), 1826. Inventor : Joseph Nicéphore Niepce (France) (1765-1833). Sensitised pewter plate, 8 hrs exposure at Chalon-sur-Saone, France.Photography (on paper), 1835. Inventor : W. H. Fox Talbot (England) (1807-77). Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, England.Photography (on film), 1888. Inventor : John Carbutt (U.S.). Kodak by George Eastman (U.S.) (1854-1932), August 1888.Piano, 1709. Inventor : Cristofori (Italy).Printing Press, c. 1455. Inventor : Johannes Gutenberg (Germany) (c. 1400-68). Hand printing known in India in 868.Pyramid, c. 2685 BC. Inventor : Egyptians . Earliest was Zoser step pyramid, Saqqara.Record (long-playing), 1948. Inventor : Dr. Petter Goldmark (U.S.). Developed in the CBS Research Labs.Refrigerator, 1851. Inventor : James Harrison [Australian (1816-1893)j Bendigo. Australia, Brewery.Revolver, 1835. Inventor : Samuel Colt (U.S.) (1814-62)Rocket Engine, 1926. Inventor : Robert H. Goddard (USA), considered as father of modern rocket propulsion.Rubber (vulcanised), 1841. Inventor : Charles Goodyear (U.S.) (1800-60).Rubber (tyres), 1857. Inventor : Thomas Hancock (England) (1786-1865). Introduced solid rubber tyres for vehicles (1847)Ship (sea-going), c. 2500 BC. Inventor : Egyptian ships traversed Eastern Mediterranean sea.Ship (steam), 1775. Inventor : J.C. Perier (France) (1742-1818). First trail on the Seine river, near Paris, France.Ship (turbine), 1894. Inventor : Hon. Sir Charles Parsons (England) (1854-1931). S.S. Turbinia attained 34.5 knots on first trial

Spectacles (or eyeglasses), c. 1286. Inventor : Venice, Italy (convex). Concave lens myopia not developed till c. 1450.Stethoscope, Inventor : Dr. William Stokes (England) (1804-78).Streetcar (railed), 1550. Inventor : Rail mining tracks, Lieberthal in Alsace region of France.Streetcar (electric), 1879. Inventor : Ernst Werner von Siemens (Germany) (1813-92). Earliest permanent self-propelled public streetcar at Lichterfelde in Berlin, Germany, 1881. Demonstration at Berlin trade exhibition over 300 yards, May 31,1879.Submarine, 1776. Inventor : David Bushnell of Saybrook, Connecticut (U.S.).Synthesizer, 1964. Inventor : Dr. Robert Arthur Moog (USA).Tank (military), 1914. Inventor : Sir Ernest Dunlop Swinton (England) (1868-1951). Built at Leicester, England. Tested in September 1915.Telegraph, 1837. Inventors : Sir William Cook (1806-79), Sir Charles Wheatstone (England) (1802-75). Demonstrated on 25th July 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London.Telegraph Code, 1837. Inventor: Samuel F.B. Morse (U.S.) (1791-1872). The real credit belonged largely to his assistant, Alfred Vail (U.S.).Telephone, 1876. Inventor : Alexander Graham Bell (U.S.) (1847-1922). First exchange at Boston, Massachusetts, 1878.Telescope (1st refracting), 1608. Inventor : Hans Lippershey (German-Dutch lensmaker). Demonstrated his invention called 'kijker' (meaning 'looker' in Dutch) before Dutch parliament on 2nd October 1608.Transformer (induction coil), 1842. Inventor : William Stanley, Jr. (U.S.).Transistor, 1948. Inventors : John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter Brattain (U.S). Researched at Bell Telephone Laboratories. First application for a patent was by Dr Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in Canada in October 1925.Typewriter, 1864. Inventor : Peter Mitterhofer (1822-1893) (Austria). First practical patent by Christopher Soles (U.S.) (1868).Vaccination, 1796. Inventor : Dr. Edward Jenner (England).Vitamin A, 1913. Discoverers : Elmer V. McCollum and M. Davis (USA).Vitamin B, 1916. Discoverer : Elmer V. McCollum (USA).Vitamin C, 1920. Discoverers : Albert Szent-Györgyi and Charles Glen King (USA).Vitamin D, 1920. Discoverer : Sir Edward Mellanby (USA). He also studied role of Vitamin D in preventing Rickets in 1919.Vitamin E, 1922. Discoverer : Sir Herbert McLean Evans (USA).Vitamin K, 1929. Discoverers : Henrik Dam (Denmark) and Edward Adelbert Doisy (USA).Washing Machine (electric), 1907 (date not exact, estimated). Inventor : Controversial and exact inventor is unknown. However, Hurley Machine Company of Chicago (U.S) produced first model of electric washer called "Thor" based on design by Alva J. Fisher, (1910).Wheel, c. 3800-3600 BC. Inventor : Sumerian civilisation. Spokes as opposed to solid wheels introduced c. 1900 BC.Windmill, c. 600 AD. Inventor : Persian corn grinding, oldest known port mill, 1191, Bury St. Edmunds, England.Writing, c. 3400 BC. Inventor : Sumerian civilisation. Earliest evidence found at Warka in Iraq.Xerography, 1938. Inventor : Chester Floyd Carlson (U.S). First photocopier machine marketed in U.S. in 1950.X-ray, 1895. Inventor : Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Germany). University of Wurzburg (November 8).

Zeppelin, (Rigid Airship) 1899. Inventor : Ferdinand von Zeppelin (Germany).Zero (in number system), c. 600. Inventor : Anonymous (India). (Absolute zero temperature; cessation of all molecular energy, 1848, William Thompson and Lord Kelvin, England).NameNotesAaj Tak owned by TV Today Network. Free to air channel TV24 owned by A-One NewsTime Broadcasting P Ltd, Chairman Labh Singh Ahluwalia. Free to air channel NDTV India owned by New Delhi Television Ltd. Pay Channel ABP News owned by ABP Group, Formerly STAR News. Free to air channel Zee News owned by Zee Network. Pay Channel DD News owned by Doordarshan. Free to air channel IBN-7 owned by TV18. Pay Channel India TV owned by Rajat Sharma. Free to air channel Live India owned by Broadcast Initiatives Ltd. Free to air channel Sahara Samay owned by Sahara Group India News News 24 owned by B.A.G. Films and Media Limited. Free to air channel News Express HD P7 News owned by Pearls Media. S1 CHANNEL One News Tez part of TV Today Network, sister channel of Aaj Tak Voice Of India owned by Triveni Media Limited, also known as Voice of India S7 News owned by S7 Group of Broadcasting. Jan TV owned by CSL Infomedia Pvt. Ltd.

september m and a activity:1. Tech Mahindra acquires Hutchison Global Services- 100% for $ 87 mn . Hutchison Global Services (HGS) provides customer lifecycle operations to clients in UK, Ireland and Australia

2. Mitsui and Sanyo Special Steel has acquired 49% in Mahindra Ugine Steel Company's (MUSCO) wholly-owned steel business for Rs 2.18bn

3. Jindal BVI Limited (JBVI), a subsidiary of steel major Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL) has acquired Canadian listed coal Company CIC Energy Corp. (CIC) for about US$115 million

4. Etihad Airways increases stake in Virgin Australia

5. Red Hat acquires BPM Technology from Polymita

6. Godrej Industries Ltd. has entered into a share purchase agreement to divest its 43% stake in Godrej Hershey Limited to the Hershey Company for an undisclosed consideration.

7. PE deals: Bain Capital acquiring 30% equity stake in Genpact deal for US$ 1 Billion. This deal enabled part exit of the existing PE investors, General Atlantic Partners and Oak Hill Partners. There were 2 other large PE deals. SBI Macquire Private Equity’s US$ 150 million investment in Ashok Concessions and Nasper and Tiger Global’s US$ 150 million investment in Flipkart.

8. Max India Ltd has sold its unit that makes polypropylene film to Germany's Treofan for Rs5.4 bn, according to reports.

9. Citrix announced that it has completed its acquisition of Beetil, a privately-held cloud-based service desk technology provider.

10. Tech Mahindra Ltd., India’s sixth largest software exporter announced the acquisition of 51% stake on a fully diluted basis in Comviva Technologies Ltd., a Bharti Group Company for $1.35 bn

11. Financial Technologies India Ltd has reported that private equity firm Blackstone GPV Capital Partners, Mauritius, has increased its stake in the company to over 6% through open market transactions.

12. Japan's diversified trading company Mitsui & Co is acquiring 25% stake in active pharmaceutical ingredient maker Arch Pharmalabs for Rs. 3.72bn

13. Alibaba Group Holding Ltd., China's largest e-commerce company, announced it has completed the initial repurchase of shares from Yahoo! and restructured its relationship with the Silicon Valley company in transactions valued at ~US$7.6 billion.

14. Arvind Lifestyle Brands, subsidiary of Arvind Ltd, one of the largest players in the apparel brands and retail space, announced the acquisition of the business operations of British fashion retailers Debenhams and Next and American Lifestyle Brand Nautica in India from Plant Retail.

15. Tata Sons has reportedly increased stake in Indian Hotels Company by acquiring 46.30 lakh shares of the company for about Rs. 290mn

16. more news: Dalmia Cement acquires Adhunik Cement for Rs5.60bn

Infiniti Retail acquires Woolworths Wholesale (India)

Gravita India sells 33% stake in Gravita Honduras

Godrej Consumer partners with Darling Group

17. IBM has acquired UK-based storage migration firm Butterfly Software.

18. Temasek Holdings has sold 2.5% stake in Singapore Telecommunications Ltd. for S$1.28 bn Singapore dollars (US$1.04 bn), according to reports.

august m and a part 1:1. Reliance Capital Asset Management (RCAML) to sell 26% stake to Japanese insurer Nippon Life. The deal is worth around Rs. 14.5 billion.

2. Nestle SA's has done $11.9 billion purchase of Pfizer Inc's baby food business

3. LKP Merchant Financing has sold another 53.41 lakh shares of Kingfisher Airlines for nearly Rs. 50mn

4. HCL Infosystems Ltd., India’s premier hardware, services and ICT Systems Integration and Distribution Company announced the buyout of the remaining 40% stake held by the NTS Group in HCL Infosystems MEA

5. Aegis Media acquires Communicate 2

6. The Home Depot and U.S. Home Systems, Inc. announced a definitive merger agreement for The Home Depot to acquire USHS

7. The owner of British Airways and Spanish airline Iberia (IAG) took a stake in American Airlines

8. The Carlyle Group bought asset manager TCW Group, Reports stated that TCW is majority-owned by France's Société Générale and has about $127 billion in assets under management.

9. Bain Capital buys stake in Genpact for $1bn

10. Sahara Group acquires New York's Plaza Hotel for $570mn

11. ITC hikes stake in Hotel Leelaventure

12. Dhunseri Petrochem & Tea Ltd has acquired two tea estates in the Republic of Malawi in southeast Africa, at a consideration of Rs. 1.22bn.

13. Birla Shloka Edutech acquires 51.1% stake in Ojus Healthcare

14. Google Inc has acquired marketing start-up Wildfire to help the world's largest Internet search company expand further into social media

15. Sterling Bancorp has announced that its wholly-owned, New York City-based subsidiary, Sterling National Bank, has acquired the business of Universal Mortgage, Inc., a leading residential mortgage broker in Brooklyn

16. Standard Chartered Private Equity (SCPE) has invested Rs. 2500mn (US$ 45mn) for a minority stake in Inox India Limited (INOXCVA), a leading global manufacturer of cryogenic storage and transportation equipment.

17. GAIL India Ltd has reduced its equity stake in ONGC's Dahej mega petrochemical project to 15.5%, according to reports.

Something about Eurozone Crisis - (Pardon spelling mistakes if any)It all started with Maastricht treaty of 1992, which envisaged to create a single currency i.e., euro for the EU. The countries like Greece, Portugal were not as financially sound as Germany and France, but the single currency came with voluminous benefits, like more market for goods, more capacity to borrow funds, and some others which were were hard to resist. Some vital conditions which the said treaty proposed were - inflation to be less than 5%, deficit to be less than or equal to 3%, and debt to GDP ratio to be not more than 60%. But as on January 1999, with the creation of Euro, countries like Greece saw their exports rising and the borrowing cost came down. So the countries like Greece started borrowing more money, the interest rates of banks became almost zero, more liquidity in the market, more demand and hence the growth was good which was basically a demand driven economy. Although all these profligate activities lead to increase of fiscal deficit to over 3%, which was manipulated by Greece to show that it is under 3%. The problem came to the picture when in 2009, the Greece govt told that it would not be able to pay its bond obligations as the housing bubble has bursted and its banks were saddled with NPAs and Credit default swaps have also failed, the debt to GDP ratio is well over 60%, the fiscal deficit is almost in double digits and it is on the Verge of a default. This lead to a series of meeting among the still-not-so-affected countries like France and Germany to chalk out a plan as they knew that more than Greece needs euro, it is now Euro that needs Greece more than before. So the EFSF was created to help Greece with funds and came to impose strict fiscal conditions. Soon Spain also asked for help and the acronym PIGS became popular Even recently Cyprus has asked for help. It seems that contain-the-contagion strategy doesn't seem to work. The biggest problem is that even if Greece wants to devalue its currency to solve the BoP problem, it can't devalue as Maastricht treaty will not allow. So this is Euro debt crises which has caused ripples in the world economy and many gone and coming and gone elections were won on this premises.

Where is Central salt and Marine research institute ?

Ans: Bhavnagar , Gujarath Where is Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS) ?

Ans:Bhopal

Where is Central Food Technological Research Institute ?

Ans:Mysore

National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis(NIRT) is located at ?

Ans: Chennai

National Physical laboratory is located at ?

Ans: New Delhi

National Chemical laboratory is located at ?

Ans: Pune

Where is National Institute of Rural Development ?

Ans: Rajendranagar, Hyderabad

Where is National Institute of Nutrition ?

Ans: Hyderabad

Where is Central Rice Research Institute ?

Ans: Cuttack

Where is Central Building Research Institute

Ans: Roorkee

Where is National Dairy Research Institute?Ans: Karnal

Where is Indian Instituteof Petroleum ?

Ans: Dehradun, Uttarakhand

where is Forest Research Institute ?

Ans: Dehradun

Where is Indian Institute of Spices Research ?

Ans: calicut, Kerala

Where is Indian Institute of Science ?

Ans: Bangalore

Pluna airlines---------------Uruguay Qantas airlines-------------Australiadruk airlines --------------Bhutan Lufthansa airlines --------GermanyGaruda airlines------------Indonesiamaya airlines------------Belize KLM-------------------------Netherland ( Royal Dutch Airlines ) Ariana airlines-------------Afghanistan

Wimbledon 2012

men's title winner ?

Ans: Roger Federer

Wimbledon 2012 women's title winner ?

Ans: serena williams

Name the court where Wimbledon matches are held?

Answer: Center court (London)

Name the court where French open matches take place ?

Answer: Roland garros

Name the court where US Open matches are held?

Answer: Flushing meadows

World chess Champion 2012 ?

Ans: viswanathan anand

2012 IPL Winners ?

Kolkata Knight riders [Runner up - Chennai Super kings ]

2012 world snooker championship winner ?

Ans: Ronnie O'sullivan

US National Humanities Medal 2012 ?

Ans: Amartya Sen

2012 Golden Bear award winning Documentary in Berlin film Festival ?

Ans: Ceasar Must Die

2012 European tour title winner- ?

Ans:Jbe Kruger (South Africa)

European tour title is related to which sports item?

Ans: sports

2012 Jindal Prize Winner ?

Ans: A P J Abdul Kalam and Santhosh Hegde

2012 Africa Cup of nations winner ?

Ans: Zambia

2012 current affairs Questions related to Olympics : London Olympics

1) First olympic games was on ?Ans: BC 776 (Greece)

2) First modern olympic games was held on ?Ans:1896 (Athens )

3)President of Indian olympics association(IOA) ?Ans rof. Vijay Kumar Malhotra, ActingPresident

4) Where is the Head Querters of International Olympic Committee(IOC) ?Ans:Lausanne, Switzerland

5)President of International Olympics committee (IOC) ?Ans:Jacques Rogge

6) What is the motto for Olympics ?Ans:Citius, Altius, Fortius (meansFaster, Higher, Stronger )

7)2012 London Olympics watchdog commissioner who was resigned in protest at Dow Chemical's sponsorship?Ans:Meredith Alexander

Q)Name london olympics 2012 mascot ?

Ans:Wenlock and Mandeville

2010 youth Olympics mascot - Lyo and Merly

Gk Questions & currentaffairs related to technology - Mars Missions

NASA's Mars mission - curiosity was landed on?

Answer: Gale crater

List of Mars Missions by United states

Answer: viking, phobos ,pathfinder, deep space ,spirit , opportunity ,curiosity

Mars Missions by Russia

Answer : phoenix

Mars Missions by European space Agency

Answer : beagle

General knowledge Questions and answers 2012 exams: Indian cities - updated

Which city is known as diamond city?

answer: Surat

Which city is known as solar city ?

answer: amritsar

City of Joy ?

answer: Kolkata

Which city is called Manchester of India ?

answer: Ahmedabad

Which city is called Orange city of india ?

answer: Nagpoor

Which city is called Silicon Valley of India ?

Ans: Banglore

Which indian city is called garden city of India ?

answer: Banglore

Which indian city is called Temple city of India ?

answer:Bhubaneshwar

Which indian cities known as twin cities of india ?

answer: Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar

General Knowledge 2012 : current world leaders and Political parties Political Party of

raja pervez ashraf, newly electedPakistan Prime minister (2012 JUNE) ?Ans:PPP

Political party of François Hollande (Newly elected French President - from 2012 may)?Ans:Socialist Party

Political party ofDavid Cameron [Prime Minister of the United Kingdom] ?Ans:Conservative

Political party ofBarack Hussein Obama(USA)?Ans:Democratic party

Political party ofVladimir Putin(Russia)?Ans:United Russia party

Political party of Nelson Mandelaand Jacob Zuma (South Africa)?Ans:African National Congress

Political party of Mahinda Rajapaksa(Srilanka)?Ans:United People's Freedom Alliance

Political party of Nicolas Sarkozy(previous president of France)?Ans:Union for a Popular Movement

Political party of Yoshihiko Noda (Japan)?Ans:Democratic part

Current affairs questions and answers for 2012 exams :Laureus Award winners

Laureus Award is giving in the field of ?

Ans: Sports

2012 Laureus Award winners

Who won Sports man of the year award ?

Ans: Novak Djokovic

Who won Sports women of the year award ?

Ans: Viviya Cheruiot

Which Football team won Team of the Year award ?

Ans: FC Barcelona

What is the nationality of Viviya Cheruiot?

Ans: Kenya

Thak jayoge karte karte yeh khatam nhi hona dunga...

Who is the wiiner of V K Krishna menon prize ?

Answer: Rathika Sitsabaeisan

Where is VK Krishna Menon Institute ?

Ans: London

Who is the winner of Cincinnati title 2012?

Answer: Roger federer

Who is the winner of 2012 Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Puraskar ?

Answer: D R Mehta

What is the prize amount of Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Puraskar ?

Answer: 5Lac

Newly elected Navy chief ?

Answer : Admiral D K joshi

Present IAEA (International Atomic Energy agency ) Chairman ?

Answer : Yukia Amano

Ethiopian Prime minister who was recently died ?

Answer: Meles Zenawi

BRAnd Ambassdors of Various Brands :

HCL appoints Nargis Fakhri brand ambassador for computing products

iBall ropes in Kareena Kapoor as brand ambassador

Deepika Padukone to pen Luxor Pilot story

Lenovo appoints Ranbir Kapoor as brand ambassador

World Series Hockey brings in Suniel Shetty as brand ambassador

Anushka Sharma appointed brand ambassador for Reliance Communications

Amul Macho shifts from "Yeh to bada toing hai" to "Bade Aaram Se"

Sony Ericsson ropes in Kareena Kapoor as brand ambassador

Dhoni most persuasive brand endorser: CelebTrack

R Madhavan is brand ambassador for Spark Mobiles

R. Madhavan becomes brand ambassador for Maruti Suzuki WagonR

Neo Sports ropes Harbhajan Singh as brand ambassador

Max New York appoints Amitabh Bachchan as brand ambassador

HUL's Knorr unveils Kajol as brand ambassador

Chlormint brings in Salman Khan as endorser

The FMCG-major has roped in Katrina Kaif as Pantene's brand ...

Frito-Lay hawks 'desi' flavours through Kareena Kapoor

Kareena Kapoor to be the new face of Frito Lay

Linc Pen signs on SRK as brand ambassador

Sachin Tendulkar to be the face of Royal Bank of Scotland

Gitanjali Group has named Bipasha Basu as the brand ambassador for its brand Gili.

Nakshatra ropes in Katrina Kaif as brand ambassador

Nakshatra Diamond Jewellery has signed on Katrina Kaif as its new brand ambassador. Saif Ali Khan to help fight dandruff for Head & Shoulders

Hrithik Roshan is the brand ambassador of Magic Moments Vodka

Sanjaya to endorse US financial services company Nationwide

Parle Monaco has enlisted Aamir Khan as its brand ambassadory

Horlicks ropes in Darsheel Safary as brand ambassador

Dulux Paints gets Farhan Akhtar to highlight the transformative power of colo

Ogilvy takes home Yahoo Big Idea Chair 2012

The third edition of Yahoo! Big Idea Chair Awards concluded with an award ceremon on 9 November. While there were a total of 19 winners across seven categories, the much sought after Yahoo Big Idea Chair Award went to Ogilvy for its work on Kraft India - 'Date Fillum' campaign.Among other winners, Maxus India, Innocean Worldwide and Interactive avenues bagged one Gold each.Maxus India won Gold for Best Use of Technology for its entry - ‘Light Powered Media for Light Powered Watch’ for Titan Industries.Innocean Worldwide India bagged Gold for Best Use of Social Media for its entry ‘Catch the Buzz – Live Reporting of Auto Expo’ for Hyundai Motor India. Interactive Avenues bagged Gold under the Digital 360-degree category for work on Mahindra and Mahindra, ‘Spark the Rise’.

Maharatna CPSEs

Coal India LimitedIndian Oil Corporation Limited NTPC LimitedOil & Natural Gas Corporation LimitedSteel Authority of India Limited

Navratna CPSEs

Bharat Electronics LimitedBharat Heavy Electrical LimitedBharat Petroleum Corporation LimitedGAIL (India) LimitedHindustan Aeronautics LimitedHindustan Petroleum Corporation LimitedMahanagar Telephone Nigam LimitedNational Aluminium Company LimitedNMDC LimitedNeyveli Lignite Corporation LimitedOil India LimitedPower Finance Corporation LimitedPower Grid Corporation of India LimitedRashtriya Ispat Nigam LimitedRural Electrification Corporation LimitedShipping Corporation of India Limited

Miniratna Category - I CPSEsAirports Authority of India Antrix Corporation LimitedBalmer Lawrie & Co. LimitedBharat Dynamics Limited BEML LimitedBharat Sanchar Nigam LimitedBridge & Roof Company (India) LimitedCentral Warehousing CorporationCentral Coalfields LimitedChennai Petroleum Corporation LimitedCochin Shipyard LimitedContainer Corporation of India LimitedDredging Corporation of India LimitedEngineers India Limited

Ennore Port LimitedGarden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers LimitedGoa Shipyard LimitedHindustan Copper LimitedHLL Lifecare LimitedHindustan Newsprint LimitedHindustan Paper Corporation LimitedHousing & Urban Development Corporation Limited India Tourism Development Corporation LimitedIndian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation LimitedIRCON International LimitedKIOCL LimitedMazagaon Dock LimitedMahanadi Coalfields Limited Manganese Ore (India) LimitedMangalore Refinery & Petrochemical LimitedMishra Dhatu Nigam LimitedMMTC LimitedMSTC LimitedNational Fertilizers LimitedNational Seeds Corporation LimitedNHPC LimitedNorthern Coalfields Limited Numaligarh Refinery LimitedONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Helicopters LimitedProjects & Development India LimitedRailtel Corporation of India LimitedRashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers LimitedRITES LimitedSJVN LimitedSecurity Printing and Minting Corporation of India LimitedSouth Eastern Coalfields Limited State Trading Corporation of India LimitedTelecommunications Consultants India LimitedTHDC India LimitedWestern Coalfields Limited WAPCOS Limited

Miniratna Category-II CPSEs

Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited

Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited Central Mine Planning & Design Institute LimitedEd.CIL (India) LimitedEngineering Projects (India) LimitedFCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India LimitedFerro Scrap Nigam LimitedHMT (International) LimitedHSCC (India) LimitedIndia Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation LimitedM E C O N LimitedNational Film Development Corporation LimitedNational Small Industries Corporation LimitedP E C LimitedRajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited

BT sells part stake in Tech Mahindra for Rs.1,395 crGlobal telecom giant BT Plc, sold 14.1 per cent stake in Tech Mahindra to institutional investors for about Rs.1,395 crore and said it would consider further share sale in the Indian IT firm in future. U.K.-based BT Group (British Telecommunications Plc) is a co-promoter of Tech Mahindra, with the other being Indian business conglomerate, the Mahindra and Mahindra Group. BT group has pared its stake in the Indian IT firm from 23.16 per cent to 9.1 per cent. In 2010, the BT Group had sold 5.5 per cent stake in Tech Mahindra to Mahindra and Mahindra (M&M ....

Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz on share selling spreeFacebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz has sold another 450,000 shares of the social networking major so far, reducing his holding to just 6.15 million of Class A stock, which have lesser voting rights than Class B stock. Moskovitz has been selling Facebook stock at the rate of 150,000 per tranche since August 17 and has offloaded 1.8 million shares till August 29. He had 7.5 million Class A stock as on August 17. According to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Moskovitz sold 450,000 class A stock during August 27 and August 29 in a price range of $ 19.19 to $19.26.....

Yatra.com acquires Travelguru

Online travel portal Yatra.com has acquired Travelguru, the Indian arm of US travel services provider Travelocity, to become the largest provider of hotel bookings in the country. Yatra.com CEO Dhruv Shringi said that the acquisition will help his company double revenue growth in the next 12 months by expanding market share as Travelguru is the country's largest hotel

distribution network, with access to more than 6,500 hotels in India and 72,000 hotels worldwide...

SBI waives minimum balance for savings accountsState Bank of India (SBI), to attract new customers, has done away with the minimum balance criteria for saving banks account. The bank will not levy any charge for breaching the minimum balance criteria. There are certain saving account products of the bank where the minimum monthly balance is as low as Rs.50. Depending on the features and facility, the minimum average monthly balance varies. The waiver would help the bank in improving the customer base, it would also help the bank in generating low cost deposits as the savings bank account earned interest rate of just 4 per cent. The minimum balance requirement for savings bank account of private sector bank such as ICICI Bank, and HDFC Bank is Rs.10,000.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that was created on July 22, 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and came into existence on December 27, 1945 when 29 countries signed the Articles of Agreement.[1] It originally had 45 members. The IMF's stated goal was to stabilize exchange rates and assist the reconstruction of the world’s international payment system post-World War II. Countries contribute money to a pool through a quota system from which countries with payment imbalances can borrow funds[disambiguation needed] temporarily. Through this activity and others such as surveillance of its members' economies and policies, the IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries.[2] The IMF describes itself as “an organization of 188 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.”[3] The organization's stated objectives are to promote international economic cooperation, international trade, employment, and exchange rate stability, including by making financial resources available to member countries to meet balance of payments needs.[4] Its headquarters are in Washington, D.C

Previous Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn was arrested in connection with charges of sexually assaulting a New York room attendant. Strauss-Kahn subsequently resigned his position on May 18.[28] On June 28, 2011 Christine Lagarde was confirmed as Managing Director of the IMF for a five-year term starting on July 5, 2011.[29] [30]

Voting powerVoting power in the IMF is based on a quota system. Each member has a number of “basic votes" (each member's number of basic votes equals 5.502% of the total votes),[31] plus one additional vote for each Special Drawing Right (SDR) of 100,000 of a member country’s quota.[32] The Special Drawing Right is the unit of account of the IMF and represents a claim to currency. It is based on a basket of key international currencies. The basic votes

generate a slight bias in favor of small countries, but the additional votes determined by SDR outweigh this bias

some important political changes yr-2011-20121)greece--Antonis Samaras(PM)2)Egypt--President--Mohamed MorsiPM-Hesham Qandil3)France--President==François Hollande(Replacing--Nicolas Sarkozy)4)Itlay----Prime Minister=Mario Monti(Replacing--Silvio Berlusconi)5) libya: Mohammed Magarief

wikileaks & julian assanageWikiLeaks is an international, online, self-described not-for-profit [2] organisation publishing submissions of secret information, news leaks,[5] and classified media from anonymous news sources [2] and whistleblowers.[6] Its website, launched in 2006 under the Sunshine Press organisation,[7] claimed a database of more than 1.2 million documents within a year of its launch.[8] Julian Assange , an Australian Internet activist , is generally described as its founder, editor-in-chief, and director

Assange was a hacker-activist in his youth, before becoming a computer programmer and then becoming internationally known for his work with WikiLeaks.[10] He has lived in several countries and has made public appearances in many parts of the world to speak about freedom of the press, censorship, and investigative journalism. While in England on bail, Assange hosted a political talk show on the Russia Today TV channel called The World Tomorrow, broadcast in 2012.[11] [12] He has received numerous awards and nominations, including the 2009 Amnesty International Media Award, Readers' Choice for Time magazine's 2010 Person of the Year, the 2011 Sydney Peace Foundation gold medal, and the 2011 Martha Gellhorn Prize for Journalism.[13]

. Since 19 June 2012, he has been inside the Ecuadorian embassy in London, where he has since been granted diplomatic asylum.

Occupy Wall Street (OWS) is the name given to a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011 in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district.The Canadian activist group Adbusters initiated the protest, which subsequently led to Occupy protests and movements around the world. The main issues are social and economic inequality, greed, corruption and the perceived undue influence of corporations on government—particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS slogan, We are the 99%, addresses the growing income inequality and

wealth distribution in the U.S. between the wealthiest 1% and the rest of the population. To achieve their goals, protesters act on consensus-based decisions made in general assemblies which emphasize direct action over petitioning authorities for redress.[7] [nb 1] Protesters were forced out of Zuccotti Park on November 15, 2011. After several unsuccessful attempts to re-occupy the original location, protesters turned their focus to occupying banks, corporate headquarters, board meetings, college and university campuses.The New York City General Assembly (NYCGA) is the main OWS decision-making body and provides much of the leadership and executive function for the protesters.

Disinvestment in psu sectorAs part of the big-ticket reforms package, the government finally unveiled its disinvestment programme for the current fiscal. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), on Friday, gave the go-ahead to equity stake sale in four PSUs, which is likely to mop up nearly Rs.15,000 crore or about 50 per cent of the Rs.30,000-crore divestment target set for 2012-13. Offloading stakeAs per the CCEA approval at its meeting here, while the four PSUs, namely, Hindustan Copper, Oil India Ltd., MMTC and Nalco, will be on the block for offloading of the Centre’s stake in them, no decision was taken with regard to either the equity dilution proposal in Neyveli Lignite (5 per cent) or the initial public offering (IPO) proposal of RITES to the extent of 10 per cent.

very very importantWorld BankPresident--Jim Yong King

The World Bank differs from the World Bank Group, in that the World Bank comprises only two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA), whereas the latter incorporates these two in addition to three more:[5] International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

Chief Economist==Ksushik BasuNew Country Director for India==OnnoRϋhl

General GKPresident of Indian News Paper society==K N Tilak KumarThe company Of the year 2012(Economics times)==HDFC BankAnil Agarwal==Buisness Leader of the yr 2012 by economics times

New Navy Chief==Devendra Kumar JoshiWorld's most innovative companies list==L&T; no-1 from india(Salesform.com==global no1)kelkar committe for Elimination of Diesel SudsidyJeet Thayil==Shortlisted for man booker prize 2012 for NacropolisOzone Day==16th SeptemberIndia was ranked 59th in global competitiveness for 2012-2013(Switzerland-1)Tech Mahindra acquired Huchison back office call centreRamesh abhishek chairman Forward Markey CommissionM B Shah commission for checking the legality of coal blocks in karnatka n goaDaimler launching its buisness in india as Bharat-Benz trucksOpen Athletics championship was held in Chennai this yrGoogle acquire snapseedKen Goldman--CFO YahooSAIL won Rashtriya Khel Protshahan Yojna-2012Infosys won the contract for Indian Post overhaulRussia is the 156th member of WTOB I Fernandez(CUBA) is the 1st foreign coach to win Dronacharya AwardHCL Infosystems won UIDAI contractAntony Jenkind-CEO BraclaysAustralia to close all tobacco plants by the end of this yearMary Kom--Flag bearer Closing Ceremony London Olympics 2012Syed Nasim Ahmed Jaidi--Election Commission chief 2012Sachin to be d Brand Face of BMWPather Panchali of Satyajit Ray is included in 50 best movies of all time in British Film InstituteMicrosoft changes its logo after 25 yrs in Sep-2012

Coal allocation scam or Coalgate,[1] as referred by the media, is a political scandal concerning the Indian government's allocation of the nation's coal deposits to public sector entities (PSEs) and private companies. In a draft report issued in March 2012, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) office accused the Government of India of allocating coal blocks in an inefficient manner during the period 2004-2009. Over the Summer of 2012, the opposition BJP lodged a complaint resulting in a Central Bureau of Investigation probe into whether the allocation of the coal blocks was in fact influenced by corruption.[2]The essence of the CAG's argument is that the Government had the authority to allocate coal blocks by a process of competitive bidding, but chose not to.[2] As a result both public sector enterprises (PSEs) and private firms paid less than they might have otherwise. In its draft report in March the CAG estimated that the "windfall gain" to the allocatees was 1,067,303 crore (US$194.25 billion).[2] The CAG Final Report tabled in Parliament put the figure at 185,591 crore (US$33.78 billion)[3] On August 27, 2012 Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh read a statement in Parliament rebutting the CAG's report both in its reading of the law and the alleged cost of the government's policies.[4][5][6]

While the initial CAG report suggested that coal blocks could have been allocated more efficiently, resulting in more revenue to the government, at no point did it suggest that corruption was involved in the allocation of coal. Over the course of 2012, however, the question of corruption has come to dominate the discussion. In response to a complaint by the BJP, the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) directed the CBI to investigate the matter. The CBI has named a dozen Indian firms in aFirst Information Report(FIR), the first step in a criminal investigation. These FIRs accuse them of overstating their net worth, failing to disclose prior coal allocations, and hoarding rather than developing coal allocations.[7][8]The CBI officials investigating the case have speculated that bribery may be involved

Important agencies probing coal-gateWhile a six-member team of the Justice MB Shah Commission is now probing the multi-crore scam in Keonjhar and Sundargarh mines, a seven-member Public Account’s Committee (PAC) of Parliament led by senior BJD MP Bhatruhari Mahatab arrived here on a two-day visit. PAC Chairman and BJP leader Dr Muralimanohar Joshi could not turn up and Mahatab led the team in his place.

Brand ambassador Anushka Sharma- TVS Motors’ Scooty:Deepika Padukone – Yamaha Ray:Salman Khan- Suzuki Hayate:Akshay Kumar – Honda’s Dream Yuga:Kareena Kapoor- Mahindra’s Rodeo:Irfan Pathan- Hero Maestro:Hrithik Roshan- Karizma ZMR:Sachin--BMWVirat Kohli--TOYOTANeil Nitin Mukesh—Volkswagen

Brand ambassador mobile phones

Sunny Leone--Brand Chaze(source dal dunga last mein..mere upar ye naam dekh ke shak mat karna )Hrithik Roshan---Sony Ericsson and RelianceVirat Kohli--CelkonKareena ---iBall

some important fact about Indian Olympics 2012..Mary Kom--Bronze---51 kg Women's FlyweightYogeshwar Dut---Bronze--Men's 60kg Freestyle WrestlingSushil Kumar--Silver--Men's 66kg Freestyle WrestlingSaina Nahewal..Single's Bandmintion..isme koi specification nahin hotaGagan Narang Shooting Men's 10 m air rifle Vijay Kumar Shooting Men's 25 m rapid fire pistol

please remeber these categories..india 55th in ranking...

Tech GK1)Higg Boson--God Particle2)Sequoia--Fastest Super computer3)Nexus--Google4)Android--3 out of 4 phones using this application..SNBose worked with Einstein on Higg Boson calculation

Very very imp...Qualified Foreign Investors-In a major policy decision, the Central Government has decided to allow Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs) to directly invest in Indian equity market in order to widen the class of investors, attract more foreign funds, and reduce market volatility and to deepen the Indian capital market. QFIs have been already permitted to have direct access to Indian Mutual Funds schemes pursuant to the Budget announcement 2011-12. Today’s decision is a next logical step in the direction.

and Financial Action Task Force is the regulatory body of QFIKotak Mahindra Bank is 1st one to receive funds from QFI

The Libor scandal is a series of fraudulent actions connected to the Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) and the resulting investigation and reaction. It is controlled by the British Bankers' Association (BBA).[4]The banks are supposed to submit the actualBob Diamond was the ceo who resigned from Barclaysinterest ratesthey are paying, or would expect to pay, for borrowing from other banks. In June 2012, multiple criminal settlements byBarclays Bankrevealed significant fraud and collusion bymember banksconnected to the rate submissions, leading to the scandal.

HealthCare Fraund

Healthcare giant GlaxoSmithKline has agreed to an unprecedented $3 billion settlement with the U.S. government over allegations that the company advertised drugs for uses not approved by the Food and Drug Administration and then used lavish gifts to convince doctors to prescribe the drugs. The multi-billion dollar settlement is the largest in U.S. history for alleged healthcare fraud, government officials said.

The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (UNCSD), also known as Rio 2012, Rio+20, or “Earth Summit 2012” was the third international conference on sustainable development aimed at reconciling the economic and environmental goals of the global community. Hosted by Brazil in Rio de Janeiro from 13 to 22 June 2012, Rio+20 was a 20-year follow-up to the 1992 Earth Summit / United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in the same city, and the 10th anniversary of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg.

After BSE/NSE MCX-SX is the latest broking agencyMCX Stock Exchange Limited (MCX-SX), India’s new stock exchange, commenced operations in the Currency Derivatives (CD) segment on October 7, 2008 under the regulatory framework of Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The Exchange is recognised by SEBI under Section 4 of Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. In line with global best practices and regulatory requirements, clearing and settlement is conducted through a separate clearing corporation, MCX-SX Clearing Corporation Ltd. (MCX-SX CCL).The Exchange received permissions to deal in Interest Rate Derivatives, Equity, Futures & Options on Equity and Wholesale Debt Segment, vide SEBI’s letter dated July 10, 2012.

The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues.

latest meeting in Doha-Qutar 2012.According to UNCTAD top 3 destinations for FDI inflows1)China2)US3)India

RBI Events: 1991-20001 & 3 Jul 1991 External Payments Crisis. Rupee Devalued in two stages. Cumulative devaluation about 18 percent in USD terms.Nov 1991The Narsimahmam Committee Report suggested far reaching reforms in the Indian Banking sector. These included aphased reduction in the SLR and CRR as well as accounting standards, income recognition norms and capital adequacynorms.Mar 1992 A dual exchange rate system called Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System (LERMS) introduced. This was theinitial step to enable a transition to a market determined exchange rate system.Apr 1992 Income recognition and asset classification norms introduced. Provisioning and Capital adequacy standards specified.Indian Banks required to fulfill these norms by 1994 and 1996.22 Dec 1992 C. Rangarajan appointed Governor.1992 SEBI formulated ‘Insider Trading Regulations’.1993 Unified Exchange rate.1993 Guidelines for the establishment of private sector banks issued. This heralds a new policy approach aimed at fosteringgreater competition.15 Jul 1994 Nationalised Banks allowed to tap the capital market to strengthen their capital base.Jun 1994 National Stock Exchange commenced operations1994 ‘Committee on Reform of the Insurance Sector’, RN Malhotra.Aug 1994 Rupee made convertible on the Current Account. Acceptance of Article VIII of the Articles of Agreement of the IMF.Oct 1994 Lending rates of commercial banks deregulated. Banks required to declare their Prime Lending Rates (PLR).3 Feb 1995 Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Limited established as a fully owned subsidiary of the Reserve bank.Commenced printing of Notes at Mysore on June 1 and at Salboni on December 11.Jun 1995 The Office of the Banking Ombudsman established for expeditious & inexpensive resolution of customer complaintsrelated to Banking services.Oct 1995 Banks are allowed to fix their own interest rates on domestic term deposits with maturity of two years.17 Sep 1996 RBI Web site made operational.1 Apr 1997 RBI & Government of India agree to replace the system of ad hoc Treasury Bills with Ways and Means Advancesending automatic monetisation of fiscal deficits.

6 Jun 1997 RBI Conducts first auction of 14 day Treasury Bills. In October, auction of 28 day Treasury Bills was introduced.10 Jul 1997 Foreign Institutional Investors (debt funds) permitted to invest in dated Government Securities.22 Nov 1997 Bimal Jalan appointed Governor.28 Nov 1997 A series of measures introduced in response to the Asian Currency Crisis.28 Nov 1997 Fixed rate repos in G-Secs introduced to give maneuverability in liquidity management; and to bring orderly conditionsin money and forex markets.19 Dec 1997 Capital Index Bonds introduced for first time. Inflation hedged instrument linked to Wholesale Price Index.Apr 1998 Recommendations on the harmonisation of the Role and Operations of Development Financial Institutions and Bankspaved the way for universal banking in India.11 Dec 1998 RBI Monetary Museum Web Site launched.20 Apr 1999 Interim Liquidity Adjustment Facility introduced.Jul 1999 Interest Rate Swaps (IRS) and Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs) introduced as OTC derivatives.Nov 1999 RBI issued guidelines to banks for the issuance of debit cards and smart cards to ease pressure on physical cash.1999Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 replaces FERA, 1973 with the objective of ‘facilitating external trade andpayments’ and ‘promoting the orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India’. The newact became operative from June 2000 along with a sunset clause.

RBI after 2000:Jun 2000 Stock Index Futures introduced by as an exchange traded derivative. Mar 2001 Kissan Credit Cards introduced. 19 Apr 2001 Effective week commencing August 11, inter-bank term liabilities greater than 15 days maturity exempt from CRR. 19 Apr 2001 Banks allowed to formulate special Fixed Deposit Schemes for senior citizen offering higher rates of interest. 30 Apr 2001 Clearing Corporation of India established to address the need for an integrated clearing and settlement system across different markets, viz., government securities, forex and money markets. Commenced operations wef February 2002. Jun 2001 RBI issues guidelines for internet banking heralding in a new era in banking. 21 Nov 2001 Floating Rate Bonds auctioned for the first time. 1 Jan 2002 RBI commenced announcing the reference rate for Euro, which replaced the currencies of Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain and The

Netherlands. 21 Jun 2002 The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Ordinance came into force, paving the way for setting up asset reconstruction companies and for faster recovery of money by banks and financial institutions. 7 Sep 2002 Schemes to open Offshore Banking Units in Special Economic Zones by banks introduced. These units would be virtually foreign branches of Indian Banks but located in India. 11 Dec 2002 Auction format of 91 day Treasury Bills changed from uniform price auction to the multiple price auction method Jan 2003 Select stock exchanges commence retail trading in Government securities. Apr 2003 Risk based supervision of Banks introduced. 3 Jun 2003 Guidelines for exchange traded interest rate derivatives issued. 7 Aug 2003 Clearing Corporation of India launches its forex clearing system FX CLEAR 6 Sep 2003 Y V Reddy assumes office as Governor

august m and a part 2:

18. Everonn Education Limited (Everonn), a part of Varkey Group /GEMS Education – Dubai, acquired Centum Learning Limited19.Jindal Steel and Power hikes stake in Gujarat NRE Coking Coal20.Sanlam Ltd (SLM), a South African-based insurer, is to buy 26 per cent in Shriram Capital Ltd (SCL), part of the Rs 30000-crore Shriram Group.21. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has cleared Facebook Inc's acquisition of Instagram22. Hersha Hospitality acquires Courtyard by Marriott in New Jersey23. Healthymagination Fund, jointly managed by the Fairfield, Conn., giant’s GE Capital and GE Healthcare units, has put a chunk of Series B dough into Ornim Inc., parent of a Lod, Israel, medical-system developer.24. Global telecom giant British Telecommunications has sold a 14.1% stake in Tech Mahindra to institutional investors for about Rs. 13.95bn25. Pia Singh, daughter of DLF Chairman K.P. Singh, has sold 34.49 lakh shares of the company for nearly Rs. 700mn to group promoters26.The Aditya Birla Group on Friday announced it had acquired 27.5 per cent stake in the Aroon Purie-controlled Living Media India27. more news: Elgi Equipments acquires stake in Rotair

SKS Microfinance sells 4.11% to Mauritius co

Religare Finvest hikes stake in Hindustan Tin to 14.09%

HSBC sells entire stake in Federal Bank for Rs. 3.41bn28. IBM buys Kenexa for 1.3 bn29. Accenture acquires Newspage30. Canadian lender Scotiabank has unveiled a CAD3.13bn (USD3.2bn/EUR2.5bn) agreement to buy ING Bank of Canada 31. DLF Ltd has announced that the Company, along with its three wholly-owned subsidiaries - i) DLF Cyber City Developers Ltd., ii) DLF Universal Ltd. and iii) Jawala Real Estate Pvt. Ltd. ('Jawala'), have entered into an agreement with Lodha Developers Limited ('Lodha') for divesting the entire stake of the Company, DLF Cyber City Developers Ltd. and DLF Universal Ltd. in 'Jawala' for an enterprise value estimated to be Rs. 27bn subject to final adjustments at completion.32. Life Insurance Corporation has sold 2.68% stake in cement maker ACC for Rs. 1.87bn through open market operations33. Thomas Cook concludes stake sale operations to Fairbridge CapitalThomas Cook Group PLC (TCG) has concluded the sale of 76.69% stake in its India operations to Fairbridge Capital (Mauritius) Ltd. (Fairbridge), a subsidiary of Fairfax Financial Holdings Ltd34. Google buys Frommer’s travel guides from John Wiley35. Carlyle Group buys Getty Images for $3.3 bn

36. Tesoro buys BP, south california

37. more news: HNI Corporation acquires BP ErgoLloyds sells private equity assets to Coller

egypt- pres-mohammed morsi, pm-hesham qandiljordan -pm - abdullah ensourbahrain- pm- salman al khalifasouth sudan- pres-salva mayarditsomalia- pres-hasan sheikh muhammadsyria- pres- bashar al assad, pm-nadu al halqiiran-pm-mahmoud ahmadinejiraq- pres-jalal talabanipm-nouri al maliki

list of ipl winners:2008 Rajasthan Royals2009 Deccan Chargers 2010 Chennai Super Kings 2011 Chennai Super Kings 2012 Kolkata Knight Riders

FDI in june : $1.24 bnjuly : $1.76 bnjan : $ 2.004 bnFeb : $ 2.21 bnMar : $8.101 bnmay : $1.32 bn

Books and authors:

Vikram Seth

The Golden Gate (1986)A Suitable Boy (1993)An Equal Music (1999)A Suitable Girl (2013)

Salman Rushdie

Grimus (1975)Midnight's Children (1981)Shame (1983)The Satanic Verses (1988)The Moor's Last Sigh (1995)The Ground Beneath Her Feet (1999)Fury (2001)Shalimar the Clown (2005)The Enchantress of Florence (2008)

Amitav GhoshThe Circle of Reason (1986)The Shadow Lines (1988)The Calcutta Chromosome (1995)The Glass Palace (2000)The Hungry Tide (2005)Sea of Poppies (2008)River of Smoke (2011)R.K.Narayan

Swami and Friends (1935, Hamish Hamilton)The Bachelor of Arts (1937, Thomas Nelson)

The Dark Room (1938, Eyre)The English Teacher (1945, Eyre)Mr. Sampath (1948, Eyre)The Financial Expert (1952, Methuen)Waiting for the Mahatma (1955, Methuen)The Guide (1958, Methuen)The Man-Eater of Malgudi (1961, Viking)The Vendor of Sweets (1967, The Bodley Head)The Painter of Signs (1977, Heinemann)A Tiger for Malgudi (1983, Heinemann)Talkative Man (1986, Heinemann)The World of Nagaraj (1990, Heinemann)Grandmother's Tale (1992, Indian Thought Publications)

Dance StateBharat Natyam Tamil NaduBihu AssamBhangra PunjabChhau Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and JharkhandGarhwali UttaranchalGarba GujaratHattari KarnatakaKathak North IndiaKathakali KeralaKutchipudi Andhra PradeshKhantumm MizoramKarma Madhya PradeshLaho MeghalayaMohiniattam KeralaMando GoaManipuri ManipurNati Himachal PradeshNat-Natin BiharOdissi OrissaRauf Jammu & KashmirYakshagan Karnataka

FDI Limits(Please cross verify ones)100%-single brand retailairportsadvisementBPOFilmsHotels/TourismMinesPharmaTeaPostal ServicesTownship74%-Atomic MineralsScience MagazinesCoal MinesTelecomPrivate Banking49%Cable/DTHInfraAviationInsurance26%DefenseNewspapersPetroleum0%AgricultureReal EstateGambling / Lottery

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