fig. 16.1 copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission required for reproduction or...

Fig. 16.1

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Salivaryglands

Pharynx(throat)

Oral cavity(mouth)

Esophagus

Stomach

PancreasSmallintestine

Largeintestine

Liver

Gallbladder

Appendix

Rectum

Anus

Fig. 16.2

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Blood vessels

Lymphatic vessel

Nerve

Mesentery

Entericplexus

Gland insubmucosa

Ducts fromglands

Lymphaticnodule

Mucosa(mucousmembrane)

Epithelium

Laminapropria

Muscularismucosae

Submucosa

Longitudinalmusclelayer

Muscularis

Epithelium

Connectivetissue layer

Serosa(serousmembrane;visceralperitoneum)

Circularmusclelayer

Fig. 16.4


Upper lip

Gingiva covering themaxillary alveolarprocess

Tongue

Frenulum of the tongue

Openings of thesubmandibular ducts

Gingiva covering themandibular alveolarprocess

Lower lip

Incisors

Canine

Premolars

Molars

Cheek

Uvula

Soft palate

Hard palate

Fig. 16.7


Parotid duct

Buccinatormuscle

Mucous membrane(cut)Ducts of thesublingual gland

SublingualglandSubmandibularduct

Submandibulargland

Parotidgland

Massetermuscle

Fig. 16.5-1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

1

2

3

4

5

67 8 9

Central incisor

Lateral incisor

Canine

First premolar

Second premolar

First molar

Second molar

Third molar(wisdom tooth)

(a) 31

30

29

28

2726 25 24 23

22

21

20

19

18

17

1011

12

13

14

15

16

Maxillaryteeth

Mandibularteeth

32

Fig. 16.5


1A

B

CD E F G

H

I

J

K

L

MNOPQ

R

S

T

2

3

4

5

Mandibularteeth

67 8 9

Central incisor

Lateral incisor

Canine

First premolar

Second premolar

First molar

Second molar

Third molar(wisdom tooth)

(a) 31

30

29

28

2726 25 24 23

22

21

20

19

18

17

1011

12

13

14

15

16

Maxillaryteeth

Mandibularteeth

Central incisor(erupts at 6–8 months;lost at 5–7 years)

Lateral incisor(erupts at 8–11 months;lost at 6–8 years)

Canine(erupts at 16–20 months;lost at 8–11years)

First molar(erupts at 10–16 months;lost at 9–11 years)

Second molar(erupts at 20–24 months;lost at 9–11 years)

Maxillaryteeth

32

(b)

Fig. 16.6Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Crown

Neck

Root

Cusp

Enamel

Gingiva

Dentin

Pulp cavitywith nervesand vessels

Cementum

Periodontalligaments

Alveolar bone

Fig. 16.10-1


Esophagus

Location of loweresophageal sphincter

Gastroesophageal opening

Cardiac part

Pyloric sphincter

Pyloric orifice

Pyloricpart

Pyloric canalPyloric antrum

Duodenum

(a)

Rugae

Muscularis

Fundus

Body

Serosa

Longitudinal muscle layer

Circular muscle layer

Submucosa

Oblique muscle layer

Mucosa

Fig. 16.13 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Stomach

Duodenum

Ascendingcolon

Jejunum

Mesentery

Ileocecaljunction

IleumCecum

Appendix

Fig. 16.14 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Circular folds

Body ofstomach

Top ofcircular fold

Microvilli of epithelial cell surface

Villi

Lacteal

Epithelium

Intestinalgland

Duodenalgland

(d)

(c)

(a)Serosa

Longitudinal muscle

Circular muscle

Submucosa

Epithelium

(b)

Epithelialcell

Capillary(blood)

Lacteal(lymph)

20,000x

Villus

d: © David M. Phillips/Visuals Unlimited

Fig. 16.16-1


Left lobe

Inferior vena cava

Liver

Right lobe

Falciformligament

Round ligament

Gallbladder

(a)

Fig. 16.17


The hepatic ducts from the liver lobescombine to form the common hepaticduct.

The common hepatic duct combineswith the cystic duct from the gallbladderto form the common bile duct.

The common bile duct joins thepancreatic duct.

The combined duct empties into theduodenum at the duodenal papilla.

Pancreatic secretions may also enterthe duodenum through an accessorypancreatic duct, which also emptiesinto the duodenum.

1

1

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

Hepatic ducts

Commonhepatic duct

Pancreaticduct

Pancreas

Duodenum(cutaway view)

Duodenalpapilla

Accessory pancreaticduct

Common bile duct

Hepatic portal vein

Cystic duct Spleen

LiverGallbladder

Fig. 16.21-1


Transverse colon

Right colic flexure

Ascendingcolon

Ileum

Ileocecalvalve

Cecum

Appendix

(a)

Anal canal

Rectum

External anal sphincter

Internal anal sphincter

Sigmoid colon

Teniae coli

Descending colon

Left colic flexure

fig. 16.1 copyright © the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. permission required for reproduction or...

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