Field Studies on CO2 Monitoring

• In Salah (Algeria) 2004 –. Commercial-scale. Gas reservoir. Test-bed for CO2 monitoring technologies ($30mm Research project)

Technology Status 4D Seismic/VSP Programme recommended – KEY TECHNOLOGY

4D Gravity Modelling completed – marginal response

Tracers Commenced 2006

4D Electrical/EM Initial modelling suggests no response

Dynamic modelling Building new model in Eclipse

Flow meter surveysFlow meter surveys Reviewed and Not Recommended

Wellhead CO2 Monitoring Sampling programme ongoing

Formation water chem. Analyses incorporated in Shared Earth Model

Injection monitoring Ongoing by JV

Rock-fluid/Pressure Interactions Studies ongoing in Norway

Specialist CO2 modelling Part of geochemistry studies ongoing in Norway

Microseismic Programme recommended- awaiting info on access to

suspended wells

In Salah Monitoring

* Iain Wright (CO2 Project Manager, BP Group Technology) EU-OPEC CCS Conference, Riyadh, September 21 st 2006

K b-C B

Kb -C A

Sph e ro id : C lark e 1 88 0P ro jec tion : U TM Zo ne 3 1 ND a tum : N S a hara 1 959

F irs t G as D e ve lop m en t W e ll Lo ca t io ns

C O 2 In je c tio n W e ll

P ro d uc tion W e ll

0 5000M eters

A ppra isa l W e ll L oca tio n s

K b -7

K b -10

Kb-C C

K b-6

K b-CE

K b-501

K b-1

K b-503K b-502

K b-5

K b -9z

K b-8K b -4

K b-2

Kb-1

G as-Water C ontact

1330 m etres belo w Mean S ea L evel~1800 m etres below G round L evel

Fu ll G a s C o lum n

4 2 0 000 43 0 0 00

32 10 00 0

32 20 00 0

3 23 0 000

Kb-503

Kb-501

Kb-11

Kb-14

Kb-12

Kb-13

Kb-502Pre-cursor 3D

• Sleipner (Norway) 1996 – 2006. Commercial-scale. Saline formation. 4-D seismic surveys: 1994, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2005

• Weyburn (Canada). 2000 -. Commercial-scale, Oil reservoir, EOR. Seismic monitoring: 4-D surveys, microseismic, horizontal-horizontal cross-well, 3D VSP

* Don White (Geological Survey of Canada)

IEA GHG Weyburn CO2

Monitoring and Storage Project

2000-2001 2000-2002

Marly Zone

4D-3C Time-Lapse Seismic Surveys vs. Baseline Survey (Sept. 2000)

Some Other Field/Pilot Scale Tests

• Snohvit (Norway 2006)• Otway (Australia)• K12B • Kansas Geological Survey's 4-D Seismic Monitoring of CO2 Injection

project (Hall-Gurney Field )• The Frio Brine Pilot experiment• Rio Vista Gas Reservoir • Teapot• Lost Hill, CA• CO2 monitoring at a pilot-scale CO2 injection site in Nagaoka, Japan• West Pearl Queen reservoir • Pembina Cardium, Alberta, Canada• ……

Lab Studies of CO2 Properties• Knight and Nolen-Hoeksema (GRL, 1990)

(The original figure)

• Wang, Gates, & Langan (Geophysics, 1998)

• Myer (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab) 2001

Changes in P-wave velocity for Berea sample saturated with 1.1 Ω–m brine and then flooded with CO2 at 300 psi.

• Salehi, Gowelly & Batarseh (Gas Technology Institute) 2006

Compressional wave velocity under gas and water saturation

• Seismic is the key technology for CO2 monitoring

• Current seismic monitoring projects were done with conventional seismic methods

• Special seismic methods should be developed for CO2 monitoring

• A pilot-scale experiment to verify long-term, low cost monitoring concept that has been studied with our simulations

• Using our design in In Salah or an EOR field

Conclusions