field measurement networks
DESCRIPTION
Field Measurement Networks. D. Hollinger, E. LaPoint, R. Birdsey, L. Heath U.S. North American Carbon Program (NACP) Investigators Meeting, January 22-24, 2007. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Field Measurement NetworksD. Hollinger, E. LaPoint, R. Birdsey, L. Heath
U.S. North American Carbon Program (NACP) Investigators Meeting, January 22-24, 2007
Nearby national forest inventory plot (location hidden)
Flux tower
Landscape monitoring sample location
Validation sample location
3 km
Diagnosis – Where are the C sources & sinks across N. America?
Attribution – What are the mechanisms responsible?
Prediction – How will these change in the future?
Field measurements provide:
• C stocks, fluxes, uncertainties• Other fluxes
• Mechanistic understanding• Environmental data
• Tair, PAR, ppt, RH, Tsoil, soil moisture, net radiation components, etc.
• Independent estimate of spatial pattern of C sources & sinks
• Primary data source for developing & testing models
• Source of environmental data for models• Inverse analyses:
• Model parameter estimation (Remote sensing & biogeochem)• Constraints on model states (C flux from atmospheric model)
• Data assimilation
Use of Field Measurement Network data:
• Relevance• Coverage
– spatial, temporal
• Quality– good & better
• Uniformity of approach• Accessibility
– On line?
Desired characteristics of NACP field data:
Field Measurement Networks Relevant to the NACP (C flux or stocks)
• FIA plots• Landscape level
plots• Experimental
Forests• LTER• AmeriFlux, Fluxnet
Canada• NEON
• Yield maps• County statistics
• Agricultural Experiment Stations
• AmeriFlux, AgriFlux
Inte
nsiv
e
E
xten
sive
Non-agricultural sites Agricultural sites
Year Two
Year Three
Year Four
Year Five
Five-Year Panel:
Year One
USDA Forest Service FIA Plotsa gift to the NACP
• 6000 acre grid cells• 1 plot per grid cell• >800K plots• each plot visited every 5 (east) or 10 (west) years
Condition B = Seedling-Sapling Stand
Tree Variables Species: Yellow PoplarDBH: 12.9 inchesTree history: LiveTree Class: Growing Stock
Sample-Location Variables Location ID: St, Un, Co, #Date: Mo, Day, YrSample Kind: Remeas. 1/5th
GPS: Lat-Long.
Condition Variables Slope & Aspect: Pct & Degrees Land Use: Forest Stand Origin: Natural Owner Class: Individual
Condition A = Mature Stand
Old 1/5-acre plot
FIA Plot Measurements
1 plot/6,000 acres
FIA Plots
• Species, dbh• 46 states already in
annual inventory• Federal land included• All plots geo-located,
corrupted coordinates available to public
• Soil & litter data (including C)
• Coarse woody debris• Crown measures
“P3” Plots (1/96,000 acres)
Standard Plots (1/6,000 acres)
FIA Data Available from National Spatial Data Services Team Website
http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/fia/spatial/index_ss.html
Questions, contact Liz LaPoint:
The next step - FIA data-based forest carbon estimates (Linda Heath)
COLE: Carbon On Line Estimation web tool
http://ncasi.uml.edu/COLE
• Mensuration-based conversion of diameters to C mass• also soil & CWD C• County basis• carbon estimates soon to be on FIA website
Nearby national forest inventory plot (location hidden)
Flux tower
Landscape monitoring sample location
Validation sample location
3 km
Landscape scale Monitoring Sites – the missing tier
(Birdsey & Law)
• Designed to interface with remote sensing & inventory measurements
3 x 3 km grid of inventory plots surrounding a special research installation•Flux, meteorological tower or other installation at center
•Inventory plots follow FIA protocol
•Other measures (litterfall, respiration) take place at inventory plots
Tower location
Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
•Central km2 has intensive biometric measurements
•Larger area for Lidar; will include range of disturbance
• Uniform coverage in continental US of all land classes– But not measured in non-forested land (e.g. agriculture)
• Mostly uniform approach• QC/QA• Central data source & service team
Forest Inventory and Analysis plots:
Relevance: 9Coverage: 8Quality: 10Uniformity: 9Accessibility: 10
• Implementation tested at 6 sites• Fluxes and stocks• Designed to address NACP questions• Field manual• No funding source• MEETING TONIGHT!
Landscape level plots:
Relevance: 10Coverage: 3 (sparse)Quality: 10Uniformity: 9Accessibility: 6
Nearby national forest inventory plot (location hidden)
Flux tower
Landscape monitoring sample location
Validation sample location
3 km
• 59 sites – Lugo et al. BioScience 2006, Adams et al. GTR NE-321
• Some with >70 years of inventory data• Ecological, meteorological & streamflow data• Experimental manipulations• Often in hilly terrain
Experimental Forests:
Relevance: 7 Coverage: 5 (sparse, forests only)Quality: 8Uniformity: 5Accessibility: 3
• 82 towers on 53 sites (63 active towers, 41 active with CDIAC data), 22 FCRN
• 380 tower-years AmeriFlux, 110 FCRN, AgriFlux• 39 sites >5 years & still active; 10 sites >9 years
• CO2 & energy fluxes, environmental & ecological data
• New level-4 data products– QC, gap-filling & partitioning
AmeriFlux, Fluxnet Canada, AgriFlux:
Relevance: 9 Coverage: 7 (sparse)Quality: 8 (? sites)Uniformity: 8Accessibility: 8
Data ?
• 29 Sites, 21 continental NA• Multi-year NPP & biomass data (Knapp & Smith,
2001)• Streamflow, environmental, & nutrient data• Experimental manipulations• Mechanistic studies
NSF LTER Network:
Relevance: 8Coverage: 6 (sparse)Quality: 8 Uniformity: 7Accessibility: 4
• 29 Domaines– “Core” and “gradient” sites
• CO2 & energy fluxes, detailed environmental & ecological data
• Experimental manipulations• Cyberinfrastructure
NEON:
Relevance: 8 (wildland only) Coverage: 8 (hierarchical)Quality: 9Uniformity: 10Accessibility: 10
Regional FIA Plot Network & Flux towers120 Forest Plots, 3 towers
Source of
Estimate
Mean NPP
(g C m-2 yr-1)
NASA – CASA
446 151
PnET – CN
417 35
Towers 300-400 50-100
FIA 250 100
Birdsey, Hom, Clark, Pan, & Potter
Summary
• FIA plots– Excellent coverage & data accessibility
• Landscape level plots– Great idea, incorporate into NEON?
• Experimental Forests
• AmeriFlux, Fluxnet Canada, AgriFlux– Extensive NA coverage, good data accessibility
• LTER sites
• NEON