fice f rcial o e comm for t - new buildings institute
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SPONSOR
WHO ARE THE PLAYERS?FF
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Advanced Energy Office
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COLLABORATORS
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New Buildings Institute Dave Hewitt Amy Cortese Barb Hamilton
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IA | Interior Architects Nancy Heywood Kim Parsley Elsa Allen
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ID Brian van Stipdonk
University of Washington – Integrated Design Lab Christopher Meek
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TARGETS
PROJECT GOALS FF
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Provide resources to communicate how the design of an office interior provides substantial opportunity to use daylight.
Educate designers and occupants on benefits of buildings
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F Educate designers and occupants on benefits of buildings illuminated with daylight:
Healthier and higher quality interior environments Increased individual productivity
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E Increased human comfort Mental and visual stimulation
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LAYOUT OF THE GUIDE
Steps to accomplishing ifi t i ithi th id
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specific topic within the guide
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LAYOUT OF THE GUIDE
Facts, Tips, and Glossary
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Did you know a mid-day overcast summer sky provides a range of 2200 to 6400 footcandles?
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F Footcandles are a unit of measurement for calculating adequate lighting levels.
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LAYOUT OF THE GUIDE
Resources
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Helpful websites linked in the electronic document and tips for searching the web from the hard copy
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LAYOUT OF THE GUIDE
Resources
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Tips for searching the website
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LAYOUT OF THE GUIDE
Resources
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Tips for searching the website
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PROGRAMMING
Visit the building site to evaluate:Vi t iti
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View opportunities Potential glare from
adjacent buildings Shading from adjacent
buildings
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F Visual privacy
Determine daylighting and view criteria for each program element Is daylight even desired?
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How critical is glare control and direct sun? What are the maximum light
levels required?
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PROGRAMMING
Diagram the daylighting and view t iti th fl l
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opportunities on the floor plan
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SPACE PLANNING
Align programming criteria with t d i bl l ti th
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most desirable location on the plan. Locate open office areas
within 18’ – 20’ of the perimeter glazing
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F Position private offices where low angle direct sun may otherwise be problematic
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WINDOW COVERING DESIGN
Select appropriate window i t diff li ht
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coverings to diffuse light
Remember potential for sunlight glare off of adjacent buildings
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F Consider the need for visual privacy from neighboring buildings
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WORKSTATION PANEL DESIGN
Plan for open office workstation l hi h th 42” h
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panels no higher than 42” where parallel to perimeter windows
Higher panels can be located perpendicular to path of daylight
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Minimize glare on computer screens but suggesting users orient perpendicular to windows
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INTERIOR SURFACE FINISHES
Choose interior finishes that will t th i ffi i f
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support the maximum efficiency of lighting
Early decisions on Light Reflectance Values of finishes are
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F important in appropriate planning of electric light levels
If windows are an obvious bright spot in an interior environment,
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E the rest of the space will be perceived as dark
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LIGHTING AND CONTROLS
Integrate a lighting control system i t th
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into the space: What are the desired,
maintained light levels in each space? What will the transitions
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F between light levels feel like? Will other light sources
interfere with the photocell to control a particular zone?
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LIGHTING AND CONTROLS
Offices and Retail spaces utilize th t b t ti l t f
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the most substantial amounts of lighting energy over all building types
By incorporating optimal daylight
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F strategies, an office’s total energy costs can be reduced by one third
Utilities offer financial rebates for efficient lighting plans and
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E maximized use of occupancy & vacancy sensors
User education and acceptance is critical in maintaining the
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proposed lighting controls long term
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CHECKLIST
Critical relationships to remember:
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The sky as a light source
Massing and orientation of a building (or space within a
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Depth of the floor plate
Windowcoverings
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Interior surface finishes
Interior furnishings
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Orientation of the occupant in their workspace
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CASE STUDY – IA NEW YORK
8th floor downtown New YorkCity M
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City
Northern & Western exposures
No adjacent buildings to theNorth
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Neighboring building across thestreet to the West
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Designed by IA Interior Architects
CASE STUDY – IA NEW YORK
Daylight important to areas where t ff d t f th i d M
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staff spend most of their day –Open Office
Direct sun on computer screens or worksurfaces was not desirable
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Desk “benching” layout without workstation panels supports daylighting programming
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Primary visual field (computer screens) oriented perpendicular to Western sun entering space
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No adjacent bldgsthi h i ht
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this height
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Building across street is a few stories higher
CASE STUDY – IA NEW YORK
Window shades selected to i t i i t id h M
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maintain view outside when shades are down
Shades have 5% openness factor
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Shades installed on all North side windows Create privacy in
evening/late afternoon in Winter R
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adjacent buildings during day
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Shades installed on all West side windows
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Designed by IA Interior ArchitectsWestern exposure windows. No direct sun on work surfaces. Shades up.
A Computer screens perpendicular to daylight distribution. Shades partially down
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CASE STUDY – IA NEW YORK
Light interior finishes, those with hi h Li ht R fl t V l M
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high Light Reflectance Values, maximize the efficiency of lighting (daylight and electric) throughout the space
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Walls: 85% LRV
Work Surfaces: 85% LRV
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98” high windows & high light reflectance values on finishes
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Floor: 10% LRV
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Windows don’t appear as bright spots when the brightness of the adjacent space is balanced
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Designed by IA Interior Architects Electric lighting is used to compliment daylight and balance brightness throughout the space
Balanced brightness at exterior windows
CASE STUDY – SEATTLE HQ
The lowest, 48” high, workstation
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panels are oriented perpendicular to daylight distribution
62” high panels create a spine for greater visual privacy & more
62” high
7’-0” high
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Ceiling height panels always “ ”
48” high
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into the space
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Designed by IA Interior Architects Staff with less need for privacy maximize shared daylight and views
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CASE STUDY – SEATTLE HQ
Ceiling mounted fixtures
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minimized Continuous dimming in
daylighting zone
User-controlled task lights NN
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Zone A Zone B
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Maximized energy efficiency Occupancy sensors integral
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Zone D Zone C
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E to task light = rebate from local utility Light only where needed =
rebate from local utility Vacancy sensors in N
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IGN Lighting Control Zone – Continuous Dimming Daylight Controls
Lighting Control Zone –Daylight Zone with Photocell, Continuous Dimming, Manual Switch On, Vacancy Sensor Off
Task Lighting with Occupancy Sensor
Lighting Control Zones Per Program Requirements
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conference rooms & offices
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Work Station: 30-50FC
Occupant can control task light at work station,
accommodating various tasks and personal preferences.
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C C id 10 25FC
Light distribution on floor, walls, and ceiling create the
perception of a well-lit space.
Open Office Pathway: 10-15FC
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Central pathway requires minimal light, but wall
washers at markerboards and accent lighting create interest.
CASE STUDY – SEATTLE HQ
Occupant education
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Lighting controls
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Lighting scene controls Fixtures dimming in daylight
zone After hours overrides
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Give purpose to design Cost savings (lower utilities) Minimize CO2 emissions User control
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Energy conservationN
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After Hours overrides
Occupancy
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overridessensors on task lights
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CASE STUDY – HERMAN MILLER
Use of skylights key to creating l t k i t M
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pleasant work environment
Toplighting tends to provide the most effective daylight performance, since it typically avoids the direct sunlight N
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Electric lighting design compliments the toplighting layout to maximize daylight opportunities VE
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Skylights
Light Fixtures
Not In Contract
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CASE STUDY – HERMAN MILLER
Depth of floor plate challenging;
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Use of skylights was critical in providing cues to the outdoors
Main Street planning concept
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Hubs of activity along Main Street
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Main Street
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Landmarks
Destinations
Nodes
Circulation
Not In Contract
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CASE STUDY – HERMAN MILLER
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employee surveys post
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90% say that the changes to their physical environment
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allow them to get their work done more effectively, a 17% increase.
There was a 32% improvement i l t ti
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92% say that the office’s physical environment positively affects their job satisfaction, a rise of 30%.
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There was a 67% improvement in the overall satisfaction of individual workstations.
84% of employees felt that the
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p ynew office was a quality work environment, as opposed to 31% in the prior space.
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CASE STUDY – EXPEDIA HQ
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Daylight and views important to NORTH
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Office occupants are not in offices all day long
Building across street is a few stories higher
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Create a reason for people to have lunch in Kitchenettes so they don’t stay at desks all day –daylight & view can be a draw View of green
space & water
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credit for Commercial Interiors certification Although dark tinting of
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Daylight available, requires occupant control of glare
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Although dark tinting of exterior glass helped minimize heat loads, it was too dark to achieve Daylighting credit
View to Mt. RainierDirect sunlight, requires occupant control of glare
Minimal daylight penetration or view opportunities
No daylight penetration or view opportunities
Approximate daylight penetration (1.5x to 2x window head height)
Zones of direct sun exposure in the Northern Hemisphere
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Designed by IA Interior Architects
CASE STUDY – EXPEDIA HQ
Perimeter offices located so ast t bl k ll t d li ht M
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not to block all access to daylightfor Open Office staff
Private offices can be located onEastern & Western exposures as
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Although this zone is ideal for
private offices or conference rooms, this
space had other program drivers.
Private offices or conference rooms buffer open office from Eastern sun exposure
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Kitchenette located on windowswith view of Mt. Rainier
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Although this zone is ideal for private offices or conference
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exposure
rooms, this space had other program drivers.
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Break room, which gets intermittent use, could have tolerated East or West exposure.
Adjoining program drivers and territorial views dictated this location.
Ideal for open office
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Da light a ailable req ires occ pant control of glare
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Daylight available, requires occupant control of glare
Direct sunlight, requires occupant control of glare
Minimal daylight penetration or view opportunities
No daylight penetration or view opportunities
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Designed by IA Interior Architects
CASE STUDY – EXPEDIA HQ
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0 76 W/sf
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Occupancy sensors located inenclosed spaces – estimatedreduction of full load by 10%during operating hours
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Zone A Zone C Zon Zone E
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Lighting Control Zone – Daylighting, Continuous Dimming on Photocell
Lighting Control Zone and Enclosed Program – Manual Switch “On” with Vacancy Sensor “Off”
Lighting Control Zone – Continuous Dimming
Lighting Control Zones Per Program Requirements
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Designed by IA Interior Architects
CONCLUSION
CHECKLIST ITEMS www.newbuildings.org
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Determine daylighting and view criteria for each program element.
Do a site visit to understand the existing conditions during the hours of occupancy.
www.integrateddesignlab.com
www.interiorarchitects.com
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F Diagram out the daylighting and view opportunities on the floor plan.
Align the program criteria for each space with the most desirable location on the floor plan.
Select the appropriate window covering for the space Privacy needs
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E Select the appropriate window covering for the space. Privacy needs should be a consideration.
Choose interior finishes that will support the maximum efficiency of electrical lighting and daylighting but also support balanced luminosity.
Plan for open office workstation panels to be 42” or lower where they are
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parallel to the perimeter window.
Integrate a lighting control system into the space. zone areas with similar daylight performance together to help reduce electrical light output.
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