Grammar IIISecond semester 2010

Global exam

Read the following text carefully and then answer the questions below

1[…] there is work to be done. The state of our economy calls for action and we intend to act, not only to create new jobs but also to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges that bind us together with our hearts and hands. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise healthcare's 5quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and to run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities radically to be able to meet what the new age demands. All this we can do and will do.

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions and suggest that our 10system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. [They have forgotten what this country has already done and what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose.] What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them.

Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. [Its power to 15generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that the market can very quickly spin out of control, if we do not have a watchful eye.] It has shown us that a nation cannot achieve much prosperity through favoritism only of the prosperous. The success of our economy has always rested not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on the ability to extend 20opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

[Excerpt from Obama’ s inauguration speech, from BBB News]Answer the following questions Unit 11. Choose examples of each of the following structures as required and answer additional questions when asked to. Only transcribe the structure (group, phrase or clause) you are asked for and indicate the line it has been drawn from. In transcribing the structure clearly show where it starts and where it ends (20)(i) a NG with pre- and post-modification (identify and label all the functions within the

pre- and the post-modifier; the pre-modifier should contain more than one element); (2)

a new foundation [for growth]D E Th Q

the surest route [to our common good]D E Th Q

(ii) a PP that is functioning as a Qualifier and a PP that is functioning as a Circumstantial Adjunct (identify and label all the functions within “each of them”?) (2)

“of our economy” Qualifier“for action” neither Q nor Adjcir; obligatory Complement of verb“for growth” Qualifier“with our hearts and hands” Circumstantial Adjunct =Circumstance of manner: means“to its rightful place” Circumstantial Adjunct =Circumstance of spatial location“of our ambitions” Qualifier“to common purpose” neither Q nor Adjcir; obligatory Complement of verb“beneath them” Circumstantial Adjunct =Circumstance of spatial location“before us” Qualifier of NGp with “question” as Thing“for good or ill” Qualifier of NGp with “force” as Thing. There is some meaning of purpose in it, but still it’s a Q I think“out of control” Circumstantial Adjunct =Circumstance of spatial location“through favoritism only of the prosperous” Circumstance of manner: means “of our economy” Qualifier of NGp with “success” as Thing.“on the size of our gross domestic product” Circumstance of spatial location or obligatory complement of verb?“on the reach of our prosperity” Circumstance of spatial location or obligatory complement of verb?“on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good” Circumstance of spatial location or obligatory complement of verb?“of our gross domestic product” Qualifier“of our prosperity” Qualifier“to every willing heart” neither Q nor Circumstancial Adjunct but Participant (Beneficiary, Recipient)“out of charity” Adjcir (circumstance of cause: reason)“to our common good” Adjcir Circumstance of spatial location(iii) A simple VG and a complex VG. Say if they are single or extended. Show their

structure. For the complex VG say which verb would determine the Process in a transitivity analysis and briefly why; also state the phase indicated by the first verb (3)

Simple/Single Simple/Extended Complex/Single Complex/Extended

is (v) will build (x v) intend to act (v v)

calls for (v)to create (v) Here and in some infinitive forms below, there is the Infinitive marker also, but we did not see that in classto lay (v)bind (v)to raise (v)to lower (v)to fuel (v)to run (v)are (v)question (v)suggest (v)are (v)to be (v)to meet (v)demands (v)is (v)is (v)to generate (v)to expand (v)is (v)to extend (v)is (v)

will restore (x v)(will) wield (ellipsis of Subject and Finite) ((x) v)will harness (x v)will transform (x v)cannot tolerate (x v)have forgotten (x v)has … done (x v)can achieve (x v)is joined (x v)has shifted (x v)can do (x v)will do (x v)has reminded (x v)can … spin (x v)do not have (x v)has shown (x v)cannot achieve (x v)has … rested (x v)

The second verb determines the process; the first verb represents an inclination phasefail to understand (v v)The second verb determines the process; the first verb represents a conative phase

(iv) Three independent clauses: one single, one dominant in a hypotactic clause complex and one in a paratactic clause complex (6)

Single Dominant in hypotactic clause complex

Clause in paratactic clause complex

“there is work to be done.” It has shown us Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is

“The success of our economy has always rested not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.” (This is a single clause. The dependent clause introduced by “because” is part of an embedded clause)

“Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill.”

“What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them.”

“Their memories are short.”

“We will build the roads and bridges that bind us together with our hearts and hands.”

but this crisis has reminded us

and suggest

They have forgotten

and we intend to act,

and wield technology's wonders

We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil

And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities radically

unmatched,

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions

The state of our economy calls for action

We will restore science to its rightful place,

All this we can do

and (we) will do.

(v) Two dependent clauses showing different logico-semantic relations with the main clause. State whether they are finite or non-finite (3)

Clause LGSRnot only to create new jobs

but also to lay a new foundation for growth.

to raise healthcare's quality

and lower its cost

Enhancement: cause: purpose

Enhancement: cause: purpose

Enhancement: cause: purpose

Enhancement: cause: purpose

to fuel our cars

and to run our factories.

That our system cannot tolerate too many big plans

to be able to meet what the new age demands.

what this country has already done

and what free men and women can achieve

when imagination is joined to common purpose.

that the market can very quickly spin out of control,

if we do not have a watchful eye.

that a nation cannot achieve much prosperity through favoritism only of the prosperous.

because it is the surest route to our common good.

Enhancement: cause: purpose

Enhancement: cause: purpose

Projection : locution

Enhancement: cause: purpose

Projection : locution

Projection : locution

Enhancement : temporal

Projection : idea

Enhancement : condition

Projection : locution

Enhancement : cause : reason (within an embedded clause)

(vi) Two embedded clauses with different functions. State whether they are finite or non-finite (3)

Embedded clause Functionto be done

that bind us together

what the new age demands

who question the scale of our ambitions

Qualifier in Ngp – Non-finite

Qualifier in Ngp - Finite

Complement (DO) - Finite

Qualifier in Ngp - Finite

What the cynics fail to understand

that the ground has shifted beneath them.

whether the market is a force for good or ill

to generate wealth

and expand freedom

to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

Subject

Complement (SC)

Subject

Qualifier in Ngp – Non-finite

Qualifier in Ngp – Non-finite

Qualifier in Ngp – Non-finite

(vii) An elliptical clause. Say what elements have been ellipted (2)

and wield technology's wonders (“we”(Subject) has been ellipted)

and will do (“we” (Suject) has been ellipted)

and suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. (“who” (Subject) has been ellipted)

on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. (“it has rested” = S F P have been omitted?)

2. Analyze the structure of the clause that has been underlined in the text and label the different elements/constituents in it. Use boxes to do this and in a second level of analysis say what units realize the different elements/constituents in the clause (10)

We will build the roads and bridges that bind us together

with our hearts and hands.

S F P C (DO) AdjcirNGp VGp NGp PP

Unit 23. Identify five different processes in the text and transcribe them. If the process

is part of a clause in a clause complex or part of an embedded clause, only transcribe the clause the process is in with the participants and circumstances. Label participants and circumstances associated with the process. If there are elements of the clause not analyzable for transitivity say why (10)

1[…] there is work to be done. (Existential process + Existent)

The state of our economy calls for action (Carrier + Relational attributive possessive = needs = does not have + Attribute?)??? I Hope nobody chooses this one

and we intend to act, (Actor + Material Middle)

not only to create new jobs (Material effective + Goal)

but also to lay a new foundation for growth. (Material effective + Goal)

We will build the roads and bridges that bind us together with our hearts and hands. (Actor + Material effective + Goal + C. of manner: means)

We will restore science to its rightful place, (Actor + Material effective + Goal + C. of spatial location)

and wield technology's wonders (Actor + Material effective + Goal)

to raise healthcare's quality (Actor + Material effective + Goal)

and lower its cost. (Actor + Material effective + Goal)

We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil (Actor + Material effective + Goal)

to fuel our cars (Actor + Material effective + Goal )

and to run our factories. (Actor + Material effective + Goal )

And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities radically (Actor + Material effective + Goal + C. of manner: quality )

to be able to meet what the new age demands. (Actor + Material middle + Range = embedded clause) “To be able to” treated as a Complex verbal Group???

All this we can do (Actor + Material Middle + Goal? = all this?)

and will do. ((Actor) + Material Middle + (Goal?)) Goal and Actor ellipted?

Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions (Existential + Existent)

and suggest ((Sayer) + Verbal process + locution realized by dependent clause)

that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. (Actor + Material middle + range)

Their memories are short. (Carrier + Relational: attributive: intensive + Attribute)

They have forgotten ((Sayer) + Verbal process + locution realized by dependent clause)

what this country has already done (Actor + Material effective + Goal = what?)

and what free men and women can achieve (Actor + Material Middle + range = what?)

when imagination is joined to common purpose. (Goal + material effective + Circumstance of spatial location (obligatory complement of the verb?)

What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them. (Value + relational process identifying intensive + Token)

What the cynics fail to understand (Senser + Mental process cognition + Phenomenon = what)

That the ground has shifted beneath them (Actor + material middle + C. of spatial location)

Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill.

(Relational identifying intensive process + Value + Token)

whether the market is a force for good or ill.

(carrier + Relational attributive intensive + Attribute)

Its power [[to generate wealth and expand freedom]] is unmatched(carrier + Relational attributive intensive + Attribute)

To generate wealth (Material effective + Goal)

To expand freedom (Material effective + Goal)

but this crisis has reminded us (Sayer + Verbal process + Receiver + locution realized by a separate dependent clause)

that the market can very quickly spin out of control (Actor + C. of manner: quality + Material process middle + C. of spatial location)

if we do not have a watchful eye. (carrier + Relational attributive possessive + Attribute)

It has shown us (Sayer + Verbal process + receiver + locution realized as a separate dependent clause)

that a nation cannot achieve much prosperity through favoritism only of the prosperous. (Actor + material middle + range + C. of manner: means)

The success of our economy has always rested not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. (Relational attributive circumstantial???)

to extend opportunity to every willing heart (Material effective of giving + Goal + Beneficiary = Recipient)

because it is the surest route to our common good. (Token + relational identifying intensive + Value)

5. Identify 3 different circumstances in the text and say how they are realized (6)for growth. Not a Circumstance, but a Qualifier

with our hearts and hands Circumstance of manner: means

to its rightful place Circumstance of spatial location

radically Circumstance of manner: quality

to common purpose. Not a Circumstance?

beneath them. Circumstance of spatial location

before us Not a Circumstance, but Qualifier

for good or ill Not a Circumstance, but Qualifier

very quickly Circumstance of manner: quality

out of control Circumstance of spatial location

through favoritism only of the prosperous. Circumstance of manner: means

on the size of our gross domestic product, Circumstance of spatial location???

on the reach of our prosperity Circumstance of spatial location???

on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. Circumstance of spatial location???

out of charity Circumstance of cause: reason

to our common good Circumstance of spatial location

6. What processes prevail in the passage starting “We will restore” and reaching

up to “… will do.” in the first paragraph. Say why you think they are the ones that prevail by referring to the participant role Americans are given in this passage and what Obama wishes to communicate in it (15)

Material effective processes with Goal, that is, processes that represent actions that have an effect on sth by either transforming it or creating it. Americans take the role of Actors in the, Americans are the ones that will do things that will have an impact. He wishes to communicate that they can effect change, that they will do sth to change things as they are now, that they will do things that will have an impact or an effect.

Unit 3

7. Analyze tactically and logico-semantically the two clause-complexes that have been singled out through brackets in the text. Display the clauses vertically and show the analysis through notational symbols (10)

I α They have forgotten II ‘β 1 what this country has already done III +2 α and what free men and women can achieve IV xβ when imagination is joined to common purpose.

(temporal)

I 1 Its power [[to generate wealth and expand freedom]] is unmatched

II +2 α but this crisis has reminded us III “β α that the market can very quickly spin out of control, IV xβ if we do not have a watchful eye. (condition)

8. Produce a clause complex that suits the following pattern (10)

It could be sth like

α He thought‘β 1 that I was angry

+2 xβ and that, if he said anything,α 1 I would refuse to talk to him

+2 and would send him awayUnit 4

9. Transform the clauses in bold italics in lines 6 and 7 into acceptable nominalizations and bring them together into a single clause. Then unpack the nominalizations in bold italics in line 17 & 18 and integrate the unpacked version into the sentence. (5)

And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities radically to be able to meet what the new age demands.

Sth like: The radical transformation of our schools and colleges and universities will help us meet the demands of the new age.

It has shown us that a nation cannot achieve much prosperity through favoritism only of the prosperous.

Sth like: It has shown that a nation cannot become very prosperous if/when it favors only the prosperous

All units

10. Answer the following questions (14)

(i) What are the differences between material and mental processes (meaning, participants, distinctive features) (4)

(ii) What are parataxis and hypotaxis? Explain and illustrate in some detail (5)(iii) What is nominalization? Explain and exemplify (5)

Grammar IIISecond semester 2010

Global examSet 3

Read the following text carefully and then answer the questions below1My public life began in 1893 in South Africa in troubled weather. My first contact with

British authority in that country was not of a happy character. I discovered that as a man

and an Indian, I had no rights. [More correctly I discovered that I had no rights as a man

because I was an Indian.]

5But I was not baffled. I thought that this treatment of Indians was a blemish upon a system

that was intrinsically and mainly good. [I gave the Government my voluntary and hearty

co-operation, criticizing it freely, when I felt it was faulty, but never wishing its

destruction.]

[Consequently when the existence of the Empire was threatened in 1899 by the Boer 10challenge, I offered my services to it, raised a volunteer ambulance corps and served at

several actions.] Similarly in 1906, at the time of the Zulu ‘revolt’, I raised a stretcher

bearer party and served till the end of the ‘rebellion’. On both the occasions I received

medals and was even mentioned in dispatches. For my work in South Africa I was given by

Lord Hardinge a Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal. When the war broke out in 1914 between 15England and Germany, I raised a volunteer ambulance cars unit in London, consisting of

the then resident Indians in London, chiefly students. Its work was acknowledged by the

authorities to be valuable. Lastly, in India, when a special appeal was made at the war

Conference in Delhi in 1918 by Lord Chelmsford for recruits, I struggled to raise a corps in

Kheda at the cost of my health, and the response was being made when the 20hostilities

ceased and orders were received that no more recruits were wanted. I did all this because I

strongly believed that it was possible, by such services, to make my countrymen equal in

the Empire. What I did not realize then was that this aspiration was not to be attained by

being meek but rather by resisting the British.

[Excerpt from selected works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 6, pp. 14 to 24]

Answer the following questions Unit 11. Choose examples of each of the following structures as required and answer additional questions when asked to. Only transcribe the structure (group, phrase or clause) you are asked for and indicate the line it has been drawn from. In transcribing the structure clearly show where it starts and where it ends (20)(i) a NG with pre- and post-modification (identify and label all the functions within the

pre- and the post-modifier; the pre-modifier should contain more than one element); (1)

my first contact [with British authority in that country]

D Num Th Q

the (then resident) Indians [in London]

D Cl Th Q

In the second example “then resident” is all Classifier because “the” depends on

“resident” and expresses a kind of Circumstance associated with the word “resident”. The

people who resided in Britain then, at that time. I’m not sure how students will analyze this

but we should be open to different analyses as this was not seen in class. We can discuss it

over mail if necessary.

(ii) an AdvGp with pre- and/or post-modification (identify and label all the functions within it and say what function it is performing) (2)

more correctly (function Adjunct conjunctive of elaboration)

Pre-mod h

This is the only one that qualifies, because the other adverbs either have no pre-modifier or

are art of AdjGps or NGps, as, for example, intrinsically and mainly good (part of a NGp)

or freely, no pre-modification.

(iii) a PP that is functioning as a Qualifier and a PP that is functioning as a Circumstantial Adjunct (identify and label all the functions within each of them) (2)

All of them would have the structure p cv, but that’s obvious. If they just say Qualifier or Circumstance that would be OK I guess.

in 1893 Circumstance of temporal location

in South Africa Circumstance of spatial location

in troubled weather. Circumstance of spatial location???

with British authority in that country Qualifier in Ngp

in that country Qualifier in Ngp

of a happy character Circumstance of manner: quality, in Relational circumstantial

process

as a man and an Indian Circumstance of guise: role

as a man Circumstance of guise: role

(treatment) of Indians Qualifier in Ngp

(existence) of the Empire Qualifier in Ngp

by the Boer challenge, Actor/Agent as Circumstance

to it, Beneficiary = Recipient

at several actions. Circumstance of spatial location

in 1906, Circumstance of temporal location

at the time of the Zulu ‘revolt’, Circumstance of temporal location

till the end of the ‘rebellion’. Circumstance of temporal location

On both the occasions Circumstance of temporal location

in dispatches. Circumstance of spatial location

For my work in South Africa Circumstance of cause: reason

by Lord Hardinge Agent/Actor as Circumstance

in 1914 Circumstance of temporal location

between England and Germany, I think it is a Qualifier of “war” though sepated from it

by the Circumstance of temporal location

in London, Circumstance of spatial location

in London Qualifier here

by the authorities Agent/Actor as Circumstance

in India, Circumstance of spatial location

at the war Conference in Delhi Circumstance of spatial location

in 1918 Circumstance of temporal location

by Lord Chelmsford Actor as Circumstance

for recruits Q of "appeal"

in Kheda Circumstance of spatial location

at the cost of my health, Circumstance of manner: quality

in the Empire. Circumstance of spatial location

“By being meek but rather by resisting the British” are NOT PPS, but dependent clauses.

They sometimes provide dependent clauses as PPs.

(iv) A complex VG. Say if it is single or extended. Show its structure and say which verb would determine the Process in a transitivity analysis and briefly why; also state the phase indicated by the first verb (2)

struggled to raisev vThe second lexical verbs determines the process the first lexical verb adds a conative (effort) phase.(iv) Three independent clauses: one single, one dominant in a hypotactic clause

complex and one in a paratactic clause complex (6)

My public life began in 1893 in South Africa in troubled weather. (Single)

My first contact with British authority in that country was not of a happy character. (Single)

I discovered (main clause in hypotactic clause of projection, mental)

More correctly I discovered (main clause in hypotactic clause of projection, mental)

5But I was not baffled. (Single clause)

I thought (main clause in hypotactic clause of projection, mental)

I gave the Government my voluntary and hearty co-operation, (Single clause)

I offered my services to it, // raised a volunteer ambulance corps // and served at several

actions (all of the clauses here are related paratactically to each other and, at the same time,

are main clauses in a hypotactic clause-complex of enhancement)

Similarly in 1906, at the time of the Zulu ‘revolt’, I raised a stretcher bearer party and

served till the end of the ‘rebellion’. (Both independent related paratactically to each other)

On both the occasions I received medals and was even mentioned in dispatches. (Both

independent related paratactically to each other)

For my work in South Africa I was given by Lord Hardinge a Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal.

(Single clause)

, I raised a volunteer ambulance cars unit in London, (main clause in hypotactic clause

complex)

Its work was acknowledged by the authorities (main clause in hypotactic clause of

projection verbal)

… I struggled to raise a corps in Kheda at the cost of my health, (main clause in hypotactic

lause complex)

and the response was being made … (main clause in hypotactic clause complex)

I did all this (main clause in hypotactic clause complex)

[[What I did not realize then]] was [[that this aspiration was not to be attained by being

meek but rather by resisting the British]]. Single clause with two embedded clauses in it as

S. and S Complement

(vi) Two dependent clauses showing different logico-semantic relations with the main clause. State whether they are finite or non-finite (3)

that as a man and an Indian, I had no rights. Dependent clause of projection, idea

that I had no rights as a man because I was an Indian. Dependent clause of projection, idea

that this treatment of Indians was a blemish upon a system that was intrinsically and mainly

good. Dependent clause of projection, idea

criticizing it freely, …. Dependent clause of extension

when I felt it was faulty, Dependent enhancement temporal

but never wishing its destruction Dependent clause of extension, joined by “but” with the

clause starting “criticizing”

when the existence of the Empire was threatened in 1899 by the Boer challenge, dependent,

enhancement temporal

When the war broke out in 1914 between England and Germany, dependent, enhancement

temporal

consisting of the then resident Indians in London, chiefly students. Dependent clause of

elaboration

to be valuable. Dependent clause of projection. I recognize it only now.

when a special appeal was made at the war Conference in Delhi in 1918 by Lord

Chelmsford for recruits, dependent enhancement temporal

when the hostilities ceased and orders were received [[that no more recruits were wanted]].

Dependent enhancement temporal

because I strongly believed that it was possible, by such services, to make my countrymen

equal in the Empire. Dependent, enhancement cause: reason

by being meek dependent clause of enhancement manner but within an embedded clause.

This applies to the next one. I guess that if they extract these two clauses as dependent and

they extract them well and say what LS relation they express, the answer would be

acceptable.

but rather by resisting the British. See above

(vii) Two embedded clauses with different functions. State whether they are finite or non-finite (3)

[[that was intrinsically and mainly good]] Qualifier in NGp

[[that no more recruits were wanted]] Qualifier in NGp (Q of noun "orders")

... it was possible, by such services, [[to make my countrymen equal in the Empire]].

Postponed Subject with anticipatory "it"

[[What I did not realize then]] Subject

[[that this aspiration was not to be attained by being meek but rather by resisting the

British]]. Subject Complement

(viii) An elliptical clause. Say what elements have been ellipted (2)

I offered my services to it, raised a volunteer ambulance corps and served at several

actions. (Subject has been ellipted in two of the clauses)

Similarly in 1906, at the time of the Zulu ‘revolt’, I raised a stretcher bearer party and

served till the end of the ‘rebellion’. (Again S ellipted)

On both the occasions I received medals and was even mentioned in dispatches. (Again S

ellipted)

2. Analyze the structure of the clause that has been underlined in the text and

label the different elements/constituents in it. Use boxes to do this and in a second

level of analysis say what units realize the different elements/constituents in the clause

(10)

For my work in South Africa I was given by Lord Hardinge a Kaisar-i-

Hind gold medal.

Acirc S F P Acirc C (=DO)

Unit 23. Identify five different processes in the text and transcribe them. If the process

is part of a clause in a clause complex or part of an embedded clause, only transcribe the clause the process is in with the participants and circumstances. Label participants and circumstances associated with the process. If there are elements of the clause not analyzable for transitivity say why (10)

1My public life began in 1893 in South Africa in troubled weather. (Actor + Material

Middle + C. of temporal location + C. of temporal location/manner?)

My first contact with British authority in that country was not of a happy character.(Carrier

+ Relational process circumstantial + Attribute: Circumstance of manner)

I discovered that as a man and an Indian, I had no rights. (SEnser + Mental cognition +

Metaphenomenon (idea) expresssed in separate dependent clause = That ...)

that as a man and an Indian, I had no rights. (Role: guise + Carrier + relational possessive

process + Attribute)

More correctly I discovered that I had no rights as a man because I was an Indian. (Same as

above; "More correctly = textual element; does not recieve a transitivity analysis)

that I had no rights as a man (Carrier + relational possessive process + Attribute)

because I was an Indian (Carrier + relational attributive intensive + Attribute)

But I was not baffled. .(Carrier + Relational process attributive intensive + Attribute)

I thought that this treatment of Indians was a blemish upon a system [[that was intrinsically

and mainly good]].(SEnser + Mental cognition + Metaphenomenon (idea) expresssed in

separate dependent clause = That ...

that this treatment of Indians was a blemish upon a system [[that was intrinsically and

mainly good]].(Carrier + relational attributive intensive)

that was intrinsically and mainly good (Carrier = that + relational attributive intensive +

Attribute)

I gave the Government my voluntary and hearty co-operation, (Actor + material effective

of giving + Beneficiary = Recipient + Goal)

criticizing it freely, (behavioral verbal + Target + C. of manner)

when I felt (that) it was faulty, (SEnser + Mental cognition + Metaphenomenon (idea)

expresssed in separate dependent clause = That ...)

it was faulty (Carrier + relational attributive intensive + Attribute)

but never wishing its destruction. (mental emotion + phenomenon)

Consequently when the existence of the Empire was threatened in 1899 by the Boer challenge (Goal + material effective + C. of temporal location + Actor as Circumstance)

I offered my services to it, (Actor + material effective of giving + Goal + Beneficiary = recipient)

raised a volunteer ambulance corps (material effective + Goal)

and served at several actions.(material middle + C. of spatial location)

Similarly in 1906, at the time of the Zulu ‘revolt’, I raised a stretcher bearer party ("similarly" = textual; C. of temporal location + C. of temporal location + Actor + material effective + Goal)

and served till the end of the ‘rebellion’. ((Actor) + material middle + C. of temporal location)

On both the occasions I received medals (Actor + material middle + Range)

and was even mentioned in dispatches. ((Range) + material middle + C. of spatial location)

For my work in South Africa I was given by Lord Hardinge a Kaisar-i-Hind gold medal. (C. of cause: reason + Beneficiary = Recipient + material effective of giving + Goal)

When the war broke out in 1914 between England and Germany, (Actor + material middle + C. of temporal location; "between England and Germany, Q of "war" and ths part of the Actor)

I raised a volunteer ambulance cars unit in London, (Actor + material middle + C. of temporal location; "between England and Germany, Q of "war" and thus part of the Actor)

consisting of the then resident Indians in London, chiefly students. (relational possessive attributive ???)

Its work was acknowledged by the authorities to be valuable. "Its work to be valuable" would seem to be a projected clause and the rest the projecting one, but how can one represent this?

Lastly, in India, when a special appeal was made at the war Conference in Delhi in 1918 by Lord Chelmsford for recruits, (C. of spatial location, range (including "for recruits") + material middle + C. of spatial location + C. of temporal location + Actor as Circumstance )

I struggled to raise a corps in Kheda at the cost of my health, (Actor + material effective + Goal + C. f spatial location C. of manner: quality)

and the response was being made (Range + material middle)

when the hostilities ceased (Actor + material middle)

and orders were received that no more recruits were wanted. (Range + material middle; "That no mmore recruits ..." embedded clause qualifying "orders")

that no more recruits were wanted. (Phenomenon + mental emotion)

I did all this (Actor + material midddle + range)

because I strongly believed that it was possible, by such services, to make my countrymen equal in the Empire. (Senser + material cognition + metaphenomenon = idea as

separate dependent clause of projection)

That it was possible, by such services, [[to make my countrymen equal in the empire]] (anticipatory "it" + Attribute + relational process attributive intensive + C. of manner means + Carrier; The Carrier is an embedded clause. This gives the studnts problems always, they sometimes see it as a clause pf purpose or a Qualifier, and failed to see it's a postponed Subject with anticipatory "it", in transitivity terms a Carrier)

[[What I did not realize then]] was [[that this aspiration was not to be attained by being meek but rather by resisting the British]]. (Value + relational identifying process + Token )

What I did not realize then (Phenomenon + Senser + mental cognition + C. of temporal location)

that this aspiration was not to be attained (Range + material middle)

by being meek (relational attributive intensive)

but rather by resisting the British (material effective + Goal)

5. Identify 3 different circumstances in the text and say how they are realized (6)

see exercise on PPs above for Circumstances in the text.

WE can add to those

freely C. of manner: quality

strongly C. of manner: quality

6. Identify two different kinds or subtypes of processes where Mahatma Ghandi is Actor in paragraphs 2 and 3 and say why he uses those processes, what he wishes to show about his relationship with the British government through them? (15)

Mahatma Ghandi is Actor in three different kinds of processes

material middle (On both the occasions I received medals; ... and served till the end of the ‘rebellion’. )

material effective (I struggled to raise a corps in Kheda at the cost of my health)

material effective of giving (I offered my services to it. I gave the Government my

voluntary and hearty co-operation.

One could say that through the material processes Ghandi represents himself as actively doing things, with amterial effective things that had an impact in the world, for the benefit of Britain that was at war. That Britain was the beneficiary is best seen in the material processes of gining that have "Government = the British Government" as Benefiary = Recipient.

Unit 3

7. Analyze tactically and logico-semantically the clause-complexes that have been singled out through brackets in the text. Display the clauses vertically and show the analysis through notational symbols (10)

alpha More correctly I discovered

'betha alpha that I had no rights as a man

xbetha because I was an Indian.]

alpha I gave the Government my voluntary and hearty co-

operation,

+betha 1 alpha criticizing it freely,

xbetha when I felt it was faulty,

+2 but never wishing its destruction.

xbetha Consequently when the existence of the Empire was threatened in 1899 by

the Boer challenge,

alpha 1 I offered my services to it,

+2 raised a volunteer ambulance corps

+3 and served at several actions till the end of the ‘rebellion’.

8. Produce a clause complex that suits the following pattern (10) It could be sth like

1 I saw him from a distance+2 α and thought

‘β α that it was better [[not to talk to him]] xβ as he was so irritable.

All units

10. Answer the following questions (14)

(i) Describe relational processes (general subtypes, participants, distinctive features) and exemplify them (4)

(ii) Describe expansion and projection in some detail and exemplify them. (4)