fft aura fence installation manual v1.1.2

8/12/2019 FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual v1.1.2

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FFT Aura Fence

Installation Manual


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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted

in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Future Fibre

Technologies Pty. Ltd. Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks,

copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does

not transfer rights or license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property except as expressly provided

in any written license agreement from Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd.

2013 Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. All rights reserved.

Printed in Australia.

Document Title: FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual

Document Number: M902 3713 022, Version 1.1.2

Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd., the Future Fibre Technologies logo, FFT, FFT Aura, FFT Secure Zone, FFT Secure Fence,

FFT Secure Link, FFT Secure Pipe, FOSS, FOSL, FOSF, FOPSS, FFT CAMS, FFT TAZ, FFT Locator, FFT Microstrain/Locator

and Foptic are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd. Incorporated in Australia, the

USA and/or other countries. Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Fujikura

FSM-60S Fusion Splicer is a product of Fujikara Limited. Joint closure instructions reprinted with permission of Tyco

International Limited (TE Electronics) and Channell Commercial Corporation, USA. Westover FM-C320 Fibre Microscope is a

product of Westover Scientific (JDSU). Alazar is a trademark of AlazarTech, USA. Basik is a trademark of NKT Electronics Co.

Ltd, China. NI is a trademark of National Instruments, USA. Adlink is a trademark of ADLINK Technology Inc. Helios Web

Interface (HWI) is a product of Fotech Solutions Ltd.


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Contents iii

Contents

1.0 Company information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Company overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.2 Contact details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.0 FFT terminology and acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.0 Important product and safety information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.1 FFT product disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.2 Laser safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3.3 Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.0 FFT Aura product overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.1 How it works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4.2 Sensing distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3.1 Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3.2 Interference immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3.3 Intrinsically safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

4.3.4 Interfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3.5 Zone Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115.0 Equipment list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6.0 FFT Aura general specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7.0 System design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

7.1 Importance of planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

7.2 Distance that can be protected with a single FFT Aura system . . . . . . . . . . . 15

7.2.1 Minimum length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

7.2.2 Sensor cable type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

7.3 Covering longer distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

7.3.1 Optical power budget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

7.4 Fence preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

8.0 Cable installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

8.1 Lead-in cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

8.2 Conduit from ground onto fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

8.3 Fence-mounted sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.4 Installing the sensor chain link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

8.4.1 Attaching the sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

8.4.2 Cabling past poles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298.4.3 Corners and bracing points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

8.4.4 Alternative cabling patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31


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iv FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual

8.5 Installing the sensor weldmesh or expanded metal fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

8.6 Installing the sensor Steel palisade fences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

8.7 Installing the sensor Ameristar Impasse fence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378.8 Cabling of swing gates and drains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

8.8.1 Pedestrian gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

8.8.2 Gate isolator units (GIU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

8.9 Rack installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8.9.1 Temperature-controlled rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.0 Cable preparation and termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9.1 Pits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9.2 Cable terminations enclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

9.3 Splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

9.4 End sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

9.4.1 End sensor preparation and installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

9.5 Splicing gate isolator units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

9.5.1 Enclosure dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

9.5.2 GIU Logic installation example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

9.5.3 Number of cable entries per GIU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

9.5.4 Dual gate installation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

9.5.5 Single gate installation logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

9.5.6 Physical layout of the Gate Isolator Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

9.6 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

9.7 Installing and terminating the fibre optic patch panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

9.7.1 Mounting the patch panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

9.7.2 Cable entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

9.7.3 Fusion splicing of tight buffered and loose tube cables . . . . . . . . . . . 59

10.0 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

10.2 Recommended OTDR tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6110.2.1 Testing the installed fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

10.2.2 Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

10.3 Reflections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

10.4 Determining the sensor length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

11.0 Installing the UPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

12.0 FFT Aura sensing controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

12.1 Mounting and connecting cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

12.2 Connecting the sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70


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Contents v

Appendix A Inspection and cleaning procedures for fibre optic connections . . . 71

A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

A.2 Inspection and cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71A.3 Reminders and warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

A.3.1 Laser safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

A.3.2 Reminders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

A.4 General inspection and cleaning procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

A.5 Connector inspection technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

A.5.1 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

A.6 Cleaning techniques for pigtails and patch cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

A.6.1 Dry cleaning technique: Cartridge style cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

A.6.2 Dry cleaning technique: Lint-free wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

A.6.3 Wet cleaning technique: Lint-free wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

A.7 Sample images of contamination conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Appendix B Sensor cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

B.1 Sensor cable type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

B.2 Handling fibre optic cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Appendix C Splice joint closure instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

C.1 12/24 Splice joint and 36/72 Splice joint closure instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

C.2 Method A Tyco (TE Electronics) Instruction Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

C.2.1 Kit contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

C.2.2 Closure preparation (entry ports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

C.2.3 Cable preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

C.2.4 Cable installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

C.2.5 Fibre splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

C.2.6 Sealing closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

C.3 Method B Channell Instruction Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

C.3 Fibre Optic 12/24 Splice Heatshrink Openable Joint Closure(140001/140002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

C.3.1 Kit contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

C.3.2 Closure preparation (entry ports) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

C.3.3 Cable preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

C.3.4 Cable installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

C.3.5 Fibre splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

C.3.6 Sealing closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93


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vi FFT Aura Fence Installation Manual

Appendix D Routine system maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

D.1 Air filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

D.2 Air conditioning maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96D.3 Field inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

D.4 File housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

D.4.1 Log file backup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Appendix E System checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97


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Company information 1

1.0 Company information

1.1 Company overview

Future Fibre Technologies (FFT) manufactures and markets a range of fibre optic intrusion

detection and location systems for fences, pipelines, perimeters and other assets that are, quite

simply, the worlds most effective solution for securing high value assets and critical

infrastructure.

FFTs core products include:

FFT Aura

FFT CAMS

FFT Secure Fence

FFT Secure Link

FFT Secure Pipe

FFT Secure Point

FFT Secure Zone


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1.2 Contact details

Americas Washington DC

Future Fibre Technologies (US) Inc

800 West El Camino Road

Mountain View CA 94040

USA

Toll free: +1 (877) 650 8900

Outside USA: +1 (650) 903 2222

Fax: +1 (435) 417 6671

Email: [email protected]: www.fftsecurity.com

Future Fibre Technologies (US) Inc.

11350 Random Hills Road, Suite 800

Fairfax, VA 22030

USA

Toll free: +1 (877) 650 8900

Outside USA: +1 (650) 903 2222

Fax: +1 (435) 417 6671

Email: [email protected]: www.fftsecurity.com

Australia Europe

Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd

10 Hartnett Close

Mulgrave

VIC 3170

Australia

Phone: +61 (3) 9590 3100

Fax: +61 (3) 9560 8000

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.fftsecurity.com

Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd

3000 Hillswood Drive, Hillswood Business Park

Chertsey, Surrey KT16 0RS

England

Phone: +44 (0)1932 895 317Fax: +44 (0)1932 895 318



Middle East India

Future Fibre Technologies MENA FZ-LLC

Building 11 Office G08

Dubai Internet CityUnited Arab Emirates

Phone: +971 4 4345361

Fax: +971 4 4393406



Future Fibre Technologies

M-12/23, DLF City Phase 2

Gurgaon, Haryana 122 002India

Phone: +91 124 4087020

Fax: +91 124 4087019


Web: www.fft security.com


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FFT terminology and acronyms 3

2.0 FFT terminology and acronyms

Acronym Description

API Application Programming Interface.

ARaD Alarm Recognition and Discrimination.

Area Name

(User defined)

Can be made up of multiple zones. This term is used only for establishing views

in FFT CAMS, for example, North Fence, Boundary Road Fence, etc.

Barriers

(User defined)

Refers to type of barrier on the perimeter or the various multiple lines of defence,

for example, Chain mesh Outer Fence, Below Ground Sensor, Sterile Zone,

Barbwire, Gates, Taut Wire Inner Fence, PIR, VMD, CCTV, etc.

BGS Below Ground Sensor.

Channel Each independent sensing cable monitored by a Controller. Microstrain/Locator

has one channel.

408/408 systems have up to eight channels. The FFT Secure Zone system has up

to 16 channels.

Channel Alarms Disabled

Alarm

The alarm channel has been disabled in FOSS, that is, the perimeter covered by

that channel is no longer supervised.

CNCD Control and Command.

Controller Sector

(User defined)

A single sensing controller (a PC running FOSS) that can control multiple zones.

The sector may either be the complete perimeter or one section of the perimeter.

It contains all the channels and zones monitored by an individual FOSS

Controller.

DAS Distributed Acoustic System.

Device Not Responding

Alarm

An external device to FFT CAMS, for example, PLC, camera, etc. is not

responding.

DST Daylight Saving Time.

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. DWDM works by combining and

transmitting multiple signals simultaneously at different wavelengths on the same

fibre.

End Element Defines and terminates the end of the sensing cable for FFT Secure Zone systems.

End Sensor Defines and terminates the end of the sensing cable.

FDEL Function Detect Event Locator.

Feeder Cable An insensitive singlemode lead-in cable connecting the sensing controller to thesensing cable. Used in all FFT products.


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FFT CAMS Central Alarm Monitoring System software that can be used on any computer on

the sensing network. Used to integrate and centralise the information and signals

from each of the sensing controllers on the network, including specific third-partyequipment.

FFT Secure Fence Fibre optic perimeter security detection and location system.

FFT Secure Fence 108 8-channel fibre optic perimeter security detection system with a maximum range

of 10 km for each individual channel.

FFT Secure Fence 408 8-channel fibre optic perimeter security detection system with a maximum range

of 40 km for each individual channel.

FFT Secure Link Fibre optic network security monitoring system.

FFT Secure Pipe Fibre optic pipeline security monitoring system detecting third-party interference

and tampering.

FFT Secure Point Fibre optic perimeter protection of utility substations, solar farms, storage yards,

pumping stations, block valve sites, etc.

FFT Secure Zone Fibre optic zone-based intrusion detection system for relatively short fence

perimeters.

Fibre Break Alarm An alarm that indicates that a fibre has been broken or cut.

FOSS Fibre Optic Sensing System software used to operate the FFT sensing controller.

FOSS Degraded Alarm An alarm that indicates that the FOSS software is running degraded. Normally

this will require the FOSS PC to be restarted.

FOSS Unit Shutting

Down

The FOSS unit has been shut down.

GIU Gate isolator unit. Allows gates to be defined within the locating system as

separate zones from the fence sensor; allows the gate to be isolated and not

generate alarms.

GUI Graphical User Interface.

GUID Global Unique Identifier a unique identifier for an alarm.

KVM Keyboard, Video and Mouse console.

Laser Off Alarm An alarm that can be raised to indicate that the laser has been turned off. For

example, this happens when an operator opens the configuration dialog on a

FOSS unit configured as a locator.

Laser Shutdown Alarm An alarm that indicates that the laser temperature has exceeded a set shutdown

level. A technician should verify why the temperature in the room with the FOSS

PC/unit has increased.

Laser TemperatureWarning

An alarm that indicates that the laser temperature has exceeded a set warninglevel. It should be monitored from there on as it might keep increasing or it might

decrease.


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FFT terminology and acronyms 5

LED Light Emitting Diode.

Locator Disabled ForChannel Alarm

FOSS indicates that the given channel is a locator channel, whereas FFT CAMShas it configured as an FFT Secure Zone channel. This is a configuration error.

Locator Fault Alarm A system alarm that can be raised by a Locator system. This alarm type normally

reflects that the installation of the FOSS unit is faulty. Please contact FFT.

Loss of Communications A system alarm that can be raised by either an FFT Secure Zone or a Locator

system. It indicates that FOSS has not replied to the heartbeat sent by FFT CAMS

within a set timeout period. The network connection should be verified between

FOSS and FFT CAMS.

M/L Microstrain Locator.

Multimode (MM) Multimode fibre optic cable.

OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. An instrument used to test fibre systems

and locate losses and reflections.

RFU Reserved for Future Use.

Sensing Controller The industrial computer that houses the FFT sensing hardware and software.Controls and monitors the fibre optic sensing cable, detecting events and

intrusions.

SDK Software Development Kit. An interface provided to access the services of

FFT CAMS.

Singlemode (SM) Singlemode fibre optic cable.

Start Element Defines the beginning of the sensing cable for that zone for FFT Secure Zone

systems.

Start Sensor Defines the beginning of the sensing cable. Prior to the start sensor, the lead-in

cable is insensitive.

Stealth Alarm An intrusion alarm that normally reflects a short duration impact on the perimeter.

System Shutdown Error

Alarm

FFT CAMS did not shutdown properly.

Threshold Count Alarm An intrusion alarm that normally reflects a longer duration impact on the

perimeter.

UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply.

UTC Coordinated Universal Time or Universal Time Coordinated.

Zones

(User defined)

Refers to the localised breakdown of the individual sections of the barrier being

monitored. Can be either (FFT Secure Zone, 8-channel, strain) hardware or

software (M/L) zones.


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3.0 Important product and safety information

3.1 FFT product disclaimers

Future Fibre Technologies Pty. Ltd. (FFT) shall have no liability for incidental or

consequential damages of any kind arising out of the sale, installation, or use of its products.

All software described in this document is furnished under license. The software may only beused and copied in accordance with the terms of the licence. FFT or its affiliated companies or

representatives assume no responsibility for the use or the reliability of the software, firmware

or any equipment that is not supplied by FFT.

The application software supplied with the fibre optic sensing system will perform in

accordance with the performance specifications outlined in this manual only if it is used with

hardware supplied by FFT. The specified performance of the application software is in no way

guaranteed if it is used with hardware other than that supplied or specified by FFT.

3.2 Laser safety

The FFT Aura system is a Class 1 M Laserproduct as defined in ANSI Z136.1 2000 and AS/

NZS 2211.2:2006. Class 1 Lasers are low-power devices, which emit radiation levels lower

than the Maximum Permissible Exposure. The maximum peak power level at the output ports

of the FFT Aura system is below the maximum permissible exposure level.

Please read this document and any attached notes carefully before proceeding

with installation and operation.

At no time should the laser be turned on while there is no fibre connected to the

controllers output port. Doing so will potentially cause serious damage to theoptical transmission circuit. If this type of damage occurs, the controller must be

returned to FFT for repair.

FFT always recommends that best practiceis adhered to when dealing with

optical fibre systems. These are listed below as a number of reminders and

warnings.


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Important product and safety information 7

3.3 Reminders

Always turn off the laser and sensing controller whenever installation or maintenanceon the fibre is taking place or whenever a connector is disconnected or a fibre broken.

Before you inspect fibre connectors, ensure that the laser LED is OFF.

Neverinspect fibre connectors with a fibre scope with laser on.

Always inspect the connectors or adapters before you clean them.

Always clean then reinspect the connector before making the connection.

Always use the connector housing to plug or unplug a fibre never pull on the fibre.

Always keep a protective cap on any unplugged fibre connectors.

Always store unused protective caps in a resealable container to prevent the possibilityof transferring dust to the fibre. Locate the containers near the connectors for

easy access.

Never use alcohol or wet cleaning without a way to insure that it does not leave residue

on the endface. This residue can cause performance degradation of the system.

Never look into a fibre while the system lasers are on.

Never clean bulkheads or receptacle devices without a way to inspect them.

Never touch the endface of the fibre connectors.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and

may not be construed in any way as a commitment by FFT.

While FFT makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and contents of the

document it assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear.


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4.0 FFT Aura product overview

A major issue for security service providers is confidence in the integrity of the monitoring

systems at their disposal. Security service providers require systems that are able to operate

easily and reliably under a wide variety of operational and environmental conditions and that

are not prone to false alarms.

In response to this, Future Fibre Technologies developed FFT Aura a significant and

highly cost-effective intrusion detection technology for fences, employing advanced

distributed fibre optic sensors. FFT Aura is a monitoring system that detects thefirst signsof

intrusion at the fence line, performing easily and reliably under a wide variety of operational

and environmental conditions with an extremely low false alarm rate. The FFT Aura systemhas been primarily designed to work on chain link fences. These fences have an inherent flex

and movement in their construction that provides optimal sensitivity, performance and

intrusion detection for the sensing controller. The FFT Aura sensor can also be employed as a

shallow buried sensor, buried at the base of a fence to detect an intruder before they commence

the climb.

This technology provides a new dimension in detecting intrusions. FFT Aura continuously

monitors for any physical disturbances or activity on the fence in real-time. It also locates

where the disturbance is along a perimeter fence protected with up to 16 kilometres of sensor

cable quickly, reliably and accurately to within 6 metres. This unique feature allows endusers to pinpoint an intrusion on long perimeter sites, such as airports and military bases.

While the technology behind FFT Aura is sophisticated, its application in a system context is

very simple. The basic system operates over a total optical distance of up to 16 kilometres with

an industrial hardware platform (sensing controller) and a passive termination device (end

sensor) at the remote end. The only system component between these two ends is the fibre optic

sensing cable itself. There are no electronics, power or maintenance requirements in the field.

By employing FFT CAMS to manage multiple FFT Secure Fence systems networked

together, hundreds, if not thousands of kilometres of perimeter fence line can be monitored and

protected.

The information contained in this document relates to installing FFT Aura onto chain link

fences. FFT Aura can be installed onto other types of fence constructions, but physical cable

attachment and installation would be dependent on the physical characteristics, such as fence

flexibility, rigidity, and so on, in order to deliver a comparable detection performance to chain

link.

Contact FFT for further information and specific recommendations.


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FFT Aura product overview 9

4.1 How it works

FFT Aura is effectively a fibre optic microphone designed to detect disturbances generatedby direct contact intrusions and attempted intrusions on a fence, while discriminating between

normal ambient conditions.

FFT Aura is a phase-sensitive OTDR-based sensing system employing one single mode fibre

is used within a sensing cable. Using a coherent laser, pulses of light are propagated down the

fibre. The natural Rayleigh scattering process in optical fibres causes a small portion of this

light to scatter or reflect back towards a detector which is also appropriately placed at the

source to receive the scattered signals. Using this technique a series or array of distributed

sensing channels or microphones are sequentially set up along the sensing fibre. By detecting

and monitoring the backscattered signal as well as its pulse timing information, a perturbationon the sensing cable can be detected and located to high precision.

The system does not require specially manufactured fibre and can operate with a standard

telecommunications grade fibre optic cable.

FFT Aura is distributed, providing detection at every point along the fibre. When deployed as

a fence-mounted sensing system, it is capable of highly accurate sensing with accuracy of up

to 6 metres over an optical range of 16 kilometres from the sensing controller.

The FFT Aura system is very sensitive to minute movements of the cable and the fence fabric

the cable is attached to. Through the use of intelligent signal processing, these movements canbe isolated from other environmental signals for clear identification, with minimal false alarm

rates.

As shown in the basic FFT Aura layout (Figure 4-1), the system is comprised of an optical fibre

cable attached to the fence fabric and an FFT Aura sensing controller containing the

optoelectronics, data acquisition hardware and signal processing software. The system

connects to FFT CAMS (Central Alarm Monitoring System) which can integrate numerous

FFT Aura systems into the one central monitoring unit for ease of operation. Note that the

figure is indicative and actual cable patterns used will vary.


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Figure 4-1 Basic FFT Aura layout

FFT Aura uses singlemode optical fibres as its sensor, detecting movement and vibration

acting on the cable, and the fence it is attached to. Contact FFT for further information and

specific recommendations for fence constructions.

Power is not required along the fence line for FFT Aura, nor is the sensing cable at risk ofdamage from electrical interference, lightning strikes, EMI or RFI.

4.2 Sensing distances

The standard sensing controller may protect up to 16 kilometres of total optical path length.

The actual distance achievable with a single controller is limited by a system power budget of

6 dB and a maximum length of 16 kilometres. Note that large point losses or reflections withinthe sensor path are unacceptable and will need to be rectified before commencing the

commissioning process. The optical path length comprises the lead-in and the sensing fibre

lengths.


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FFT Aura product overview 11

4.3 Features

4.3.1 Zoning

Using FFT CAMS, the FFT Aura system has the flexibility to be configured as a large single-

zone or with multiple smaller zones as these lengths are software configurable. One sensor

cable can be divided into multiple zones of varying lengths to correspond with the positions of

CCTVs, lights, and so on. A matrix switcher interface is also optionally available within FFT

CAMS to interface and control Pelco D series cameras using ASCII Protocol.

4.3.2 Interference immunity

One specific benefit of fibre optic based systems is their immunity to electromagnetic

interference. This is particularly important for installations near high-voltage electricalequipment, or in areas subject to lightning strikes, electromagnetic pulses, strong magnetic

fields or RFI.

4.3.3 Intrinsically safe

Another important aspect of FFT Aura is that no power, external electronics or control

hardware is required in the field. There is no power applied to or near the fence itself, and the

end sensor is a passive optical device that does not require power.

4.3.4 Interfacing

FFT Aura systems have a powerful integration capability offering interfaces to a wide range of

security devices and technologies such as cameras, lights, PLCs, high level security

management systems and access control. This is achieved using FFT CAMS.

4.3.5 Zone Isolation

FFT Aura systems have the ability to isolate areas or zones without any impact on the

remaining parts of the sensor. Some examples include high noise areas such as air-conditioning

in plant rooms, riverbeds, culverts or roads for buried systems.


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5.0 Equipment list

The FFT Aura sensing controller is shipped with the following standard components:

Table 5-1 Standard system components

Item Description Qty

1 FFT Aura Operations Manual 1

2 FFT Aura Installation Manual 1

3 FFT Aura utility software on DVD 1

4 Industrial grade rack-mounted sensing controller:

i7 Quad Core @ 3.0 GHz CPU

12 GB RAM

500 GB HDD System drive

1 TBHDD Data drive

Optoelectronic card/s including the laser module

Data acquisition cards

Linux Fedora 16 operating system

HWI web-served configuration utility

1

5 Keyboard (unless KVM supplied) 1

6 Mouse (unless KVM supplied) 1

7 Accessory box with software drivers and keys 1

8 E2000 fibre patch lead 2

9 Power cord 1

The FFT sensing controller will normally not require any assembly. It is

strongly advised that only FFT qualified and approved personnel should

perform any assembly. If the sensing controller is opened, disassembled,assembled or in any other way tampered with, FFT shall take no responsibility

for any defects in or damage to the products however caused. This includes

defects in or damage to the products caused by abuse, misuse, accident,

casualty, alteration, negligent use on current or voltages other than those

specified by FFT, application or installation not in accordance with published

instruction manuals, or repair or alterations not authorised by FFT.


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FFT Aura general specifications 13

6.0 FFT Aura general specifications

Table 6-1 FFT Aura general specifications

Fibre Optic Sensor UV-stabilised standard singlemode fibre optic sensor cable

Standard singlemode optical fibre (ITU-T G.652)

Expected life > 15 years

Sensing Configuration Distributed sensor with a sensor length of up to 16 km (10 miles) per

controller.

Actual distance is limited by optical power budget of 6 dB and a cable length

of 16 km (10 miles), and also depends on the quality of the fibre optic cable

and the number and quality of the splices and general installation. The optical

path length comprises the lead-in and the sensing cable. Multiple systems can

be cascaded together to protect longer fence lines.

Operating Temperature

Range

Sensing controller: +5C to +40C (+40F to +104F) and 80% relative

humidity for temperatures up to 31C, non-conditioning

FFT Aura sensor cables: 30C to +70C (22F to +158F)

Dimensions/Weight 177 mm H 482 mm W 500 mm D

7" H 19" W 20" D

Weight 24 kg / 53 lbs 19" rack mounted, 4U high

Note: Rack must be at least 710 mm / 28" deep to house the sensing controller

Electrical Specifications Input voltage 110240 V AC, 5060 Hz, auto ranging

Power consumption 300 W (typical), 450 W (max.)

Power supply cULuslisted, FCC and CE compliant

Note:All field-installed components are passive and require no power,

communications or electronics along the network.

Optical Specifications Optical output Class 1M laser @ 1550 nm

Optical pulse lengths (m) 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50

Spatial sampling rate (m) 0.67

Minimum detection frequency 1 Hz

Note: All field-installed components are passive and require no power,

communications, or electronics along the network.

System Interfaces Front panel user interface, 2-line display, 4 soft buttons

Web based configuration utility

Alarms via TCP/IP when used with FFT CAMS (Central Alarm Monitoring

System)

Input/Output ports 1 eSata port, 4 USB ports for data logging

1 E2000/APC optical port for optical sensor

1 FC/APC optical port for diagnostics

1 TCP/IP Ethernet port

1 VGA port 2 BNC ports for diagnostics


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Alarm Monitoring Real-time distributed monitoring of frequency and time. GUI screen output,

with system status and alarm indicators

FFT CAMS for single or multiple systems. Provides an intuitive map-basedoperator GUI, and interfaces to CCTV systems, email systems, external SMS

systems, lighting, gates, etc. via TCP/IP

The FFT Aura sensing controller and fibre terminating equipment are in rack-mount

configuration and mustbe installed in a suitable cabinet in a temperature-controlled

environment, typical of modern control rooms. The required operating temperature of

the sensing controller is +5C to 40C (40F to 104F). Alternatively, the sensing

controller can be housed in a temperature-controlled 19"cabinet.


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System design 15

7.0 System design

7.1 Importance of planning

Detailed site and installation planning is essential for a smooth and successful installation and

to avoid costly pitfalls.

A proper site layout is required to determine where best to place the controller(s), fibre optic

sensing cables, lead-in cable, fibre enclosures, and the end sensor. Various site configurations

are possible and will vary with regards to the type of system employed, the site terrain, as well

as the number of zones required.

Optical power budgets also need to be addressed on long sites, and OTDR fibre testing at thecompletion of each stage of the installation must be carried out.

7.2 Distance that can be protected with a single

FFT Aura system

Each FFT Aura sensing controller is typically capable of operating with a total optical path

length of up to 16 kilometres (or 10 miles).

Actual distance is limited by optical power budget of 6 dB and a maximum cable length of16 km (10 miles), and also depends depending on the quality of the fibre optic cable and the

number and quality of the splices and general installation.

The optical path length comprises the lead-in and the sensing fibre lengths. As shown in

Figure 7-1, this total optical path length is the distance that the light must travel from the

controller, out over the lead-in then the sensing section.

Figure 7-1 FFT Aura sensor path logic


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7.2.1 Minimum length

The FFT Aura system is designed for use in medium to long applications. The optical pathlength must be 1 km (3000 ft) or greater for the system to work effectively. The system can be

used on shorter distances and will alarm correctly, however, the optical path must still be 1 km

(3000 ft) or greater. This can be achieved by having a long lead-in cable that is run up and down

within the sensor cable using the spare unused optical fibres.

7.2.2 Sensor cable type

The mechanical construction of the singlemode sensing cable attached to the network is critical

to the performance of the system. Not only does this cable have the correct optical

characteristics, but it also has to have optimal physical and mechanical characteristics to

deliver maximum detection sensitivity. You cannot use cable that it too rigid (such as aerial

fibre optic cable) or armoured cable as these result in significant loss of sensitivity when used

as a sensor. The construction of the cable required is also very dependent on the application,

and FFT is able to provide guidance and recommendations for your specific installation.


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System design 17

7.3 Covering longer distances

Multiple FFT Aura controllers can be networked together to protect extremely long or complexperimeters. The outputs from each of these sensing controllers can feed back into one

centralised alarm monitoring system such as FFT CAMS. A typical long-distance multisystem

configuration using FFT sensor cable would look similar to that shown in Figure 7-2.

Figure 7-2 Covering longer distances

7.3.1 Optical power budget

Light travelling through an optical fibre experiences loss or attenuation over a given distance.

This attenuation is measured in decibels per kilometre (dB/km) and needs to be considered

when installing an FFT Aura system.

The FFT Aura system begins with an optical power budget of 6 dB and is limited to16 km

maximum length. The losses for every connector, splice or kilometre of cable in the installation

contribute to this value.

Remember that the connector on the back of the sensing controller must also be included in the

loss calculation.


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Figure 7-3 Power loss graph

Optical loss

The FFT Aura system employs singlemode fibre at a wavelength of 1550 nm, giving a totalcable loss of approximately 0.25 dB per kilometre.

Fusion splices should have a loss of 0.05 dB per splice or less. Any large point losses or

reflections must be repaired as they impact upon the commissioning process. SC/APC

connectors have a loss of 0.2 to 0.4 dB per connector.

To estimate the total power losses in the system, use the following values as shown

in Table 7-1 on page 19.

Any splicing required to the gate isolator units (GIU) is already included in the

supplied values.


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System design 19

Power loss calculations

Example 1An 8-kilometre long system with eight fusion splices and two connectors has the following

total loss:

Cable Attenuation (CA) 8 0.25 = 2.0 dB

Splice Losses (SL) 8 0.05 = 0.4 dB

Connector Losses (CL) 2 0.3 = 0.6 dB

Total Power Loss 3.0 dB

The maximum loss allowed including any safety margin is 6 dB total, so this calculated figure

is well within specification. However, once the cable is installed, take OTDR readings toconfirm that the system losses are minimal and to ensure that the maximum distance can be

covered with a single controller. All calculations must take into account a total cable

attenuation of less than 0.25 dB/km. This value is measured across straight sections of fibre,

such as the lead-in or the sensor sections, and will include any interim splice joints.

Note that all major point losses or reflections must be investigated and removed before

commissioning can commence.

7.4 Fence preparation

The FFT Aura system has been primarily designed to work on chain link fences. These fences

have an inherent flex and movement in their construction that provides optimal sensitivity,

performance and intrusion detection for the sensing controller. All of the following installation

information relates to installing FFT Aura onto chain link fences.

FFT Aura can be installed onto other types of fence constructions, but physical cable

attachment and installation would be highly dependent on the physical characteristics such as

fence flexibility, rigidity, and so on, in order to deliver a comparable detection performance to

chain link. If the sensing cable is to be installed onto a more rigid type of fence structure, such

as weld-mesh, expanded metal, steel palisade or similar, the cable may have to be installed in

Table 7-1 Power losses

Attenuation per km for singlemode fibre < 0.25 dB/km

Fusion splices maximum loss 0.05 dB each

SC/APC connectors 0.3 dB each

Gate isolator pair 0.2 dB each


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conduit or in a serpentine pattern to enhance the sensitivity to movement. Contact FFT for

further information and specific installation and configuration recommendations.

In order to maintain optimal performance for fence sensors, it is imperative that the fence and

the fence fabric be in good condition. The chain link fence should be well constructed with

tight tensioning maintained throughout the fence line. Loose fence posts and fence fabric must

be repaired and tightened to meet national codes. Applicable codes include US Federal

Specifications RR-F-191 and RR-F-183, ASTM F 567, AS 1725-2003, or according to the

fence fabric manufacturers specifications. If a sensor cable is installed on a fence in poor

condition, nuisance alarms will occur and FFT will not certify the installation or the

performance of the system.

Vegetation growing through the chain link fence may prove to be a source of nuisance alarms

during windy conditions. Make sure any vegetation is cleared and maintained so that none

comes to within 200 mm (8") of the FFT Aura sensor cable. Any shrubs, trees and branches

that could contact the fence during windy weather should be removed. Debris that has come

into contact with the fence must also be removed. Best practice is to ensure there is a

vegetation-free exclusion zone outside the fence line.

Signs must be solidly connected to the fence and must not be able to flap or bang against the

fence in windy conditions. Preferably, signs should not be mounted directly on the fence, but

instead placed on freestanding poles adjacent to the fence. Neverrun cable over a sign.

Figure 7-4 Cable should never go over a sign


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Cable installation 21

8.0 Cable installation

In a typical installation, to establish a protected fence line, a single continuous FFT Aura

optical fibre sensing cable is attached directly to a perimeter fence using cable ties. For

example, in the typical FFT Aura configuration shown in Figure 8-1, a chain link fence has the

sensing cable attached horizontally halfway up the fence. An inactive (non-sensitive) lead-in

cable is installed in conduit underground between the sensing controller and the sensing cable

on the fence.

Figure 8-1 Typical FFT Aura configuration

8.1 Lead-in cable

One fibre optic core is required to run to the sensitive area and is known as the lead-in.

Only singlemode loose-tube fibre optic cable is used for the lead-in cable between the sensing

controller and the perimeter fence line (see Figure 8-2). The lead-in should be installed

underground in conduit and should notbe installed overhead.

If the lead-in cable is to be installed in conduit, the conduit itself should be designed to include

only large radius (greater than 50 mm or 2" inner radius) angled joiners. This reduces the

pulling force required and prevents stress points on the cable that may cause performanceissues later. FFT recommends a minimum of 32 mm (1") conduit be used. The the conduit


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must also be suitable for the required location. Conduit buried in the ground should be well

sealed using a suitable sealant such as PVC pipe cement to prevent water ingress.

Neverhave coils of excess cable in the lead-in section that is exposed to stress, vibration, shock

or frequent temperature fluctuations (that is, in contact with heating ducts).

Note also that the lead-in section of the cable is generally set to be insensitive to intrusions but

will still provide a fibre break alarm with a location.

Figure 8-2 Pit showing lead-in cable in PVC conduit

8.2 Conduit from ground onto fence

It is important to protect the sensing cable from potential damage, so installation in steel or

metal conduits from the pit to the middle of the fence is required (see Figure 8-3). In areas

where grass and weeds may be at the fence line, maintenance equipment, such as lawn mowers

and Weed Eaters, can quickly slice through or damage an unprotected cable.

Figure 8-3a Steel conduit where cable comes out of the ground


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Figure 8-3b Steel conduit where cable comes out of the ground

Ensure that the top of the steel conduit is plugged to prevent the ingress of water into the pit.


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8.3 Fence-mounted sensor cable

There are many variables in the installation of the FFT Aura cable, and these may have animpact on the systems sensitivity to third-party interference, or TPI. As such, each installation

needs to be carefully assessed based on the individual installation conditions and the clients

prime aims and detection requirements. Some of these variables include the following:

1 Positioning of the sensing cable in relation to the fence and the desired area to be

protected

The type of fence will determine where and how the cable will be attached.

For chain link fences, the sensing cable should be installed approximately halfway up the

fence firmly (but not tightly) attached to the fence fabric with the supplied UV-stabilised

nylon cable ties every 300 mm (12"). For ease of installation, the cable may be attached to

the side of the fence without the vertical posts (if applicable and depending on the site

requirements). Ideally, the cable should always be installed on the secure side of the fence.

Figure 8-4 Cable secured to the middle of the fence

If the sensing cable is attached too high, it will not provide adequate coverage to detectintruders carefully squeezing under the fence. If the sensing cable is attached too low, it


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may not provide adequate coverage to detect climbers. The sensor cable must not be

attached to any straining wires, only to the fence fabric.

Other fence types are covered in the preceding sections.

2. Corner posts and braced vertical posts

Most corner posts and some braced vertical posts are very rigid and provide excellent

climbing points for intruders. To detect this climbing, where there is little fence

movement, the cable must be routed and attached as shown in the corner cabling

(Figure 8-5). By increasing the amount of cable installed in these rigid areas, the

sensitivity of these points is increased, aiding intrusion detection.

Figure 8-5 Corner cabling


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3. Cabling gates

Gates through the perimeter fence need to be identified and importantly determined

whether they are frequently used or not as these gates may require the use of a separateFFT system such as FFT Secure Point.

It may be a customer requirement for the gate to be isolated during business hours so that

their operations do not generate an alarm. A separate system can be used or gate isolator

units (GIU) can be used to protect infrequently used gates. Zone isolations are possible

from within FFT CAMS.

There are a number of major types of gates and the type is determined by the way that they

open, for example, swing, slide or lift. The gate type will determine how it is to be cabled.

If the gate is a swing type, identify if it is a single- or double-type gate. If a sliding-type

gate is to be protected, the FFT Secure Point product should be used to protect it. FFT

recommend the use of the eChain system for this purpose.

8.4 Installing the sensor chain link

1 Check that the supplied cable is the correct one specified for the sensor attached to the

fence and the lead-in cable.

2 Carefully examine each spool of cable for damage check that the cable visible on thedrum has not suffered any damage during transport; look carefully for signs of cuts,

abrasion or bruising. If in doubt cut that section off. Check also that the correct numbers

of fibres are present in the cable against what was ordered.

3 A drum test of each spool of cable should now be performed. OTDR readings should

be taken for each fibre in the spool to confirm that the cable deeper within the spool is

not damaged. These readings shall be taken at 1550 nm for all cables. Refer to the

testing section for more information.

4 Use cable spool supports to raise the spool to an appropriate height and always unroll

the cable off the cable drum NEVER pull the cable off from one end of the cable drumas the twists induced in the cable will create many problems with the system due to

stresses set up in the cable.

5 Never overpull the cable from the spool, only pull short distances at a time. If too much

length is pulled, the cable may be stretched. The maximum pulling tension that can be

applied to the cable is 1.0 kN (225 lb) of force.

6 Lift the sensor cable onto the fence fabric and attach with the supplied UV stabilised

cable ties. The sensor cable should be attached to the fence fabric, notthe horizontal

strainer or tension wires.


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7 Allow at least 5 metres (16 ft) of extra cable at each end of the run to allow for splicing

in the pits before cutting the cable. Never have coils of excess cable in the sensor section

as it may expose to the system to noise, vibration, shock or frequent temperaturefluctuations.

If for some reason coils of cable remain, ensure that they are buried a minimum of

1 metre (3 ft) deep in the ground. Backfill the hole at least half-way with sand, then

cover with soil. Coils should not exceed 10 metres (30 ft) in length.

8 When using conduit to house the sensor cable to run it under gate openings or roads, the

conduit should be 50 mm or 2" in diameter as a minimum. The conduit must be buried

at least 1 metre (3 ft) deep below the road or gate. Also ensure that the conduit being

used is suitable for the required location. Conduit buried in the ground should be well

sealed using a suitable sealant such as PVC pipe cement to prevent water ingress.

9 The installed sensor cable should have OTDR testing carried out at this point to

determine if there are any problem areas, breaks, high loss points, and so on. This

MUST be carried out before the cable is spliced once the cable is spliced, it can be

difficult to detect installation problems.

The installation shown in Figure 8-6 is protected by a single run of FFT fibre optic sensing

cable on the outside of the fence with a single sensing controller. This provides a high level of

protection against moderate risks, and provides a very cost-effective and simple installation

that is easy to maintain and monitor.

Figure 8-6 Sensor cable installation


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8.4.1 Attaching the sensor cable

The sensor cable is attached to the chain link fence using the FFT-supplied UV-protected cableties. Depending on the quantity ordered, FFT will supply Panduit PLT2S-M120 ties in bags of

1000, or Thomas & Betts TYC525MX in bags of 100 ties. Both types are made from nylon 12

and are 180 mm long (7.4") and 5 mm " wide. These cable ties have an operating range

of 60 to 90C.

When tightening the cable tie, the cable should be held snugly to prevent sideways movement,

but not tightly. Avoid sharp bends or pressure points on the cable as they will cause losses and

become potential fracture points in the future.

Note in UV-protected cable tie (Figure 8-7) that the fibre sits in the grooves or indents formed

in the weaving of the mesh fabric 300 mm (or 1 ft) in about every five of these indents,depending on the diamond size.

Figure 8-7 UV-protected cable tie

It is important that to minimise nuisance alarms, the fence posts are securely

mounted in the ground and the fence and fence fabric is in good taut condition.

3 16


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8.4.2 Cabling past poles

Where the cable is installed on the secure side of the chain link fence, loop the cable aroundthe vertical support poles and allow enough slack so that if an intruder pulls on the fence fabric,

the fibre optic sensing cable is not stretched and/or damaged. Allow the cable to flow past each

fence pole. Cable tie approximately two diamonds away from the pole, as shown

in Figure 8-8.

Figure 8-8 Cable passing the pole

Note that two cable ties hold the cable loosely as it passes the pole.

Figure 8-9 Attachment of cable to vertical post


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8.4.3 Corners and bracing points

At each fence corner or bracing point, loop the fibre up the pole to provide additional detectionat this point. Cable loops increase the level of sensitivity in areas where the fence fabric and

structure are more rigid. These loops should finish at the top of the fence fabric. The radius of

the bends should not exceed 170 mm (6.7"). Use cable ties to attach the loop so that it is not

allowed to move or sag.

Note that cable loops are not required at every pole, only at corners and brace points.

Figure 8-10 Cable loops at a corner


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Figure 8-11 Cables looping on rigid fence bracing points

8.4.4 Alternative cabling patterns

While the cable patterns shown in the previous figures are standard configuration for FFT Aura

systems, alternative cabling patterns, such as looping up and down every pole or looping onto

the barbed wire, can also be implemented where a higher level of security is required or lower

sensitivity fences are used.

Contact FFT for more information or recommendations on these cable patterns.


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8.5 Installing the sensor weldmesh or expanded metal

fences

Weldmesh or expanded metal fences are of a completely different construction and mechanical

characteristic from chain link fences. As they are generally rigid and offer little fabric

movement, the sensitivity of a single cable run as typically used for chain link fences may not

be adequate to detect and locate all intrusion attempts.

Figure 8-12 Loop up all poles

It should be noted that too much cable (see Figure 8-13) can be just as much of a problem as

poorly installed cable.

Figure 8-13 Too much cable

If installing onto a fence other than chain link, contact FFT for further detailed

assistance for cable installation and sensing controller configuration. Very few

weldmesh fence constructions are the same, so each installation must be tailored

to the specific site to ensure optimal operation.


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The recommended method used to install the sensing cable on a fence is run the cable

horizontally across the fence panels, then run the cable in a loop fashion up every support pole.

The cable loops are shown in Figure 8-14.

Figure 8-14 Cable loops


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8.6 Installing the sensor Steel palisade fences

The steel palisade fence is a strong, rigid and imposing barrier against would-be intruders. AnFFT Aura sensor installed on this type of fence affords a greater level of perimeter security by

adding intelligent intrusion-detection capabilities.

Figure 8-15 Steel palisade fence

For these types of fences, the sensor cable must be installed in conduit. Installing the sensor

cable in conduit allows the maximum amount of mechanical noise generated by a climbing

intruder to be translated into the sensor cable while providing the system with an added levelof mechanical defence. Any tampering with the conduit will be detectedand locatedbefore the

sensor cable can be harmed.

The conduit may be steel or plastic but must have an outer diameter of 25 mm (1"). Steel

conduit provides more mechanical protection, though it is more expensive. If plastic conduit is

used, ensure that it is UV stabilised.

Figure 8-16 Steel and plastic conduit 25 mm (1")

Fixing the sensor cable directly to the horizontal rail is not recommended.


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The conduit should be affixed to the uppermost horizontal rail with a bracket similar to that

shown in Figure 8-17. This example bracket is not supplied by FFT and will need to be custom

fabricated as each application may be unique.

Figure 8-17 Mounting bracket

If using steel conduit, three evenly spaced angle brackets will be required per fence panel; ifusing plastic conduit, four evenly spaced angle brackets will be required per fence panel (see

Figure 8-18).

Figure 8-18 Spacing the brackets

Where there are corners in the fence, corrugated flexible conduit or preformed conduit bends

are required to protect and guide the sensor cable.

At the locations where the cable is fed onto the fence from a buried pit or enclosure, ensure that

it is run in steel conduit. This will protect the sensor cable from harm that can be caused bylawn mowing or other grass trimming devices.


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Figure 8-19 shows the sensor cable leaving the fence and entering a buried pit. Figure 8-20

shows a cable installation as it passes a corner.

Figure 8-19 Cable is protected as it leaves the fence

Figure 8-20 Field example

During the installation of the FFT Secure Fence system on a steel palisade fence, be aware of

the following issues:

Any loose movement within the fence will create metal-to-metal contact which may

generate nuisance alarms. Ensure that the fence has been installed at the correct

standard and is sufficiently rigid with no excessive movement.

No part of the lead-in or sensor cable should be under any form of tension. This is of

paramount importance as it will affect the stability of the sensing in a changing

environment. Make sure all bends and loops are relaxed, following a natural curve in

the cable, and that they do not introduce any tension in any part of the cable.

Angle bracket

conduit

mountings


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8.7 Installing the sensor Ameristar Impasse fence

To detect the climbing and cutting intrusion attempts upon the Ameristar Impasse Fence, it isnecessary to install the FFT Aura Sensor cable (i.e. FFT-custom 12-fibre SM Tight Buffer

cable P012-2) within a 1 inch plastic conduit. This conduit is the same diameter as the steel

arrestor rope used in the anti-ram Ameristar Impasse application (see Figure 8-21).

The conduit should be mounted within the top horizontal Impasse rail clipped into place with

the Ameristar cable clips, C-clips (see Figures 8-22 and 8-23) or the plastic trough strips. The

conduit will easily pass through the vertical posts. If the installation utilises vertical concrete-

filled bollards, these will need to be ported before the concrete is poured to facilitate ease of

the installation. A retrofit solution may call for flexible conduit to be used to pass these

obstacles.

Cable ties can be used periodically, through the drainage holes in the rail, to retain the conduit

within the Impasse rail if required (see Figure 8-24).

Figure 8-21 Ameristar Impasse Anti-Ram


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Figure 8-22 One-inch conduit in top IMPASSE rail

Figure 8-23 Ameristar C-

clips

Figure 8-24 Conduit in

IMPASSE rail


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8.8 Cabling of swing gates and drains

Swing gates are protected by running the sensing cable around the gates outer edge. FFTrecommends running the cable 200 mm/8 in. from the edge of the gate. It is important to use

flexible steel conduit, such as Sealtite, where the cable passes the gate hinge. This will provide

a level of mechanical protection when the gate opens and closes.

If a sliding gate is to be protected, it is advised that an FFT Secure Point controller be used.

For more information, see the eChain sliding gate installation manual.

Where FFT Aura is to be used to protect a drain, ensure that the cable cannot be easily damaged

during storm conditions by floating debris. It may be necessary to mount the sensor cable in

steel conduit for this application.

The sensing cable should be installed in a pattern that will best cover the gate or drain. An

example of a protected gate is shown in Figure 8-25.

Figure 8-25 Cable installation on double gates

As shown in Figure 8-25, the sensor cable emerges from a pit located by the gatepost (on the

inside of the fence), through a flexible conduit onto the gate itself. The sensor cable is attached

to the gate, and then feeds back down into the same pit. If used, the pit may contain gate isolator

units. For dual swinging gates, the cable may be directly buried or in conduit between the two

sides of the gate. The other side of the gate is cabled in a similar fashion.


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Figure 8-26 Gate cable pattern

8.8.1 Pedestrian gates

Typically, pedestrian gates are installed within a fence and in most cases, will not require a gate

isolator or hardware zone. Best practice is to continue the fence cable onto the gate. The cable

will be run around the outside of the gate and will require protective conduit where it leaves

the fence. It should be possible to protect a pedestrian gate without cutting the sensing cable.

A diagram of the cable installation on a single gate is shown in Figure 8-27.

Figure 8-27 Pedestrian gate


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8.8.2 Gate isolator units (GIU)

Frequently used gates can be defined within FFT Aura as separate zones within the fencesensor, allowing the gate to be isolated and not to generate alarms.

Gates fitted with GIUs can be isolated within FFT CAMS during certain hours so that

legitimate movements and activities do not generate alarms.

Gate isolator units, as shown in Figure 8-28, allow a physical zone to be clearly defined within

a perimeter using the location capability offered by the FFT Aura system.

As the length of the gate zone is quite short compared to the length on the perimeter, and due

to the location accuracy of the system, this small zone must be delineated for isolation

purposes. To achieve this, a gate isolation unit is installed and fusion spliced on each side of

the gate (see Figure 8-29).

Figure 8-28 Gate isolation unit

Figure 8-29 Gate isolator layout

The gate isolator consists of two identical spools of fibre, 20 metres contained in each, which

are installed on either side of the protected gate. The spools are supplied in splice enclosures

that should be buried in pits on either side of the gate. One side of the isolator is spliced to the

fence cable and the other side is spliced to the gate mounted cable.


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8.9 Rack installation

8.9.1 Temperature-controlled rack

The Sensing Controller is sensitive to temperature variations, and for this reason, the Sensing

Controller must be kept within the temperature range of +5C to 40C(40F to 104Fin a

temperature-controlled cabinet.

FFT supplies and recommends Rittal cabinets and cooling units as they are readily available

anywhere in the world, with global after-sales service.

These Rittal racks can handle up to three FFT controllers and could be laid out as shown in

Figure 8-30. Note that each controller will require its own shelf.

If more than three FFT controllers are to be installed in a cabinet or if the surrounding

temperature is excessive, an up-rated air-conditioning unit can be supplied.

Figure 8-30 Suggested Rittal cabinet layout


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Installing the rack

1 Unpack the rack and cooling unit. Inspect both for damage. The FFT-supplied Rittal

rack is assembled from the factory with the cooling unit supplied separately.

2 Mount the rack to the floor using appropriate fixings such as 10 mm dynabolts. If the

rack is to be mounted on a false computer floor, the bottom cable plinth can be removed.

3 Attach the cooling unit to the rack as per the assembly instructions that were shipped

with the unit. FFT provides one side panel that has holes and cut-outs ready for the air-

conditioning unit. Ensure the foam creates an adequate seal, so that there is no excess

condensation generated.

4 Position the rack in its final location and ensure it is both stable and level. Ensure that

the unit has good ventilation around it (at least 200 mm) and that the environment

should be free from excessive dirt. In dirty applications, a filter may be needed for the

cooling unit. This is available from FFT.

5 The cooling unit is supplied with a pre-terminated mains connector from the factory for

the country of destination. Prior to connecting, confirm that it is set for the correctvoltage.

6 Fit a length of hose to the drain pipe on the cooling unit to ensure safe removal of excess

condensation. Refer to the manual for more details.

The rack is now ready to be fitted out as per Figure 8-30.

7 When complete turn on the cooling unit. This is preset at the factory to 25C.

Maintenance

The cooling unit is virtually maintenance-free. Periodically, the components of the external aircircuit should be cleaned with compressed air. If installed, the filter mat should also be

periodically inspected and cleaned.

The rack is configured from the factory for the cooling unit to sit on the right-hand side. This can be reconfigured to the left-hand side by swapping the side

panels. The supplied T30 Torx driver is necessary for this.


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9.0 Cable preparation and termination

9.1 Pits

FFT Aura systems require all splice joints and end sensors to be buried. FFT supplies plastic

pits that are to be buried before the cable runs commence and before the cable splicing occurs.

The minimum pit dimensions are shown in Figure 9-1. This pit size is known as P5. Cable

entry to the pit will be through the side walls either via conduit or directly from the soil. The

supplied pit lids are solid concrete slabs that are not lockable.

If non-FFT pits are used, ensure that they are P5 size at a minimum.

Figure 9-1 FFT-supplied plastic pit


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Cable preparation and termination 45

9.2 Cable terminations enclosures

Whenever fibre optic cables need to be joined together or where the end sensor is installed,fibre optic enclosures are required. When correctly installed, these enclosures protect the

exposed fibre from moisture and contaminants. These enclosures are housed in buried

telecommunication pits.

Figure 9-2 Fibre enclosure mounted to wall of buried pit

Refer to Appendix C Splice joint closure instructions of this manual for detailed instructions

regarding the preparation of a cable and enclosure for termination.


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9.3 Splicing

The typical fusion splice loss for singlemode cable should be 0.02 dB or better, with an

acceptable maximum of 0.05 dB.

Fusion splicing is a process that connects twoglass optical fibres together to create one

continuous fibre optic path.

This process is required where cables need to be

joined or to install the end sensor or gate isolator

units. These joints are created with a machine

known as a fusion splicer. These joints give the

lowest attenuation, so signal loss is reduced and

the maximum sensor length can be achieved. A

good fusion splicer typically costs aboutUS$25,000 and must be used by a qualified and

experienced fibre technician. The fusion splicer

used shall be a singlemode splicer with multiple

axis alignment no other type is acceptable. The

fusion splicer must also be able to splice fibre

cores with an outer coating diameter of 250m

and 900m.

FFT recommends the Fujikara FSM-60S, as

shown in Figure 9-3.Mechanical splicing or direct connectorisation is

unacceptable for use in FFT Aura systems.

Figure 9-3 Fujikura

FSM-60S FusionSplicer


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9.4 End sensor

The end sensor is a passive optical device that defines the end of the sensitive section of thecable. It requires no power.

The end sensor must be housed in FFT-supplied buried enclosures. Ensure that the sensor is

attached to the splice tray with the supplied screws and that the fibres point down towards the

bottom of the enclosure.

It is crucial that no fibres protrude past the top of the splice tray as they will become crushed

when the enclosure is replaced. Crushing will greatly increase the optical loss of the system,

potentially affecting its operation.

The end sensor is sensitive to noise and should be buried in the ground in a quiet location. It isnotacceptable to house it in a rack with the controller or in any noisy environment.

9.4.1 End sensor preparation and installation

When preparing to splice the end sensor into a sensing system, the following procedure should

be used.

1 Mount the sensor as shown onto the back of the splice tray (see Figure 9-4).

Figure 9-4 End sensor mounted on a splice tray


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2 Measure the yellow jackets of the sensor cables to the appropriate positions indicated

in the figures.

3 Mark, then remove the outer yellow jacket and Kevlar leaving the fibre only.

4 Form the fibre into the splice tray to create two loops, then remove the excess fibre.

5 Splice the sensor to the incoming cable as per Figure 9-4.

All fibres must directly enter the bottom of the splice tray. No fibres are to be run

in the top of the enclosure.


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9.5 Splicing gate isolator units

Gate isolator units (GIU) are used to clearly define a physical zone within a perimeter protectedby an FFT Aura controller. They do this by adding a defined length of fibre (120 m) to each

side of an obstacle. Any disturbances that occur between the GIUs are then easily associated

to the assigned obstacle.

GIUs are supplied as a pair and are installed on either side of the physical zone that is to be

defined.

An example of a physical zone that may require a GUI is a gate that needs to be clearly and

exactly identified within a protected perimeter.

Using GIUs also allows a gate to be isolated in FFT CAMS so that it will not generate alarmswhen access is legitimately granted.

Each unit contains two identical loops of fibre, each 20 metres in length that are spliced into

the sensor section. Note that FFT Aura only uses one loop is per side of the obstacle.

Figure 9-5 GIU Logic

The coils of fibre are supplied in a splice enclosure, (see Figure 9-6), which should be housed

in a buried pit to the side of the gate. The second GUI will be installed at the other side of the

gate. One side of each loop is spliced to the fence cable and the other side is spliced to the gate

mounted cable.

It is not recommended or necessary to use these devices to pass under roadways,

railways or other traffic obstacles or at all gates.


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Figure 9-7 GIU example

When there is a fence disturbance, FFT Aura will determine the position of this disturbance in

metres. In this example, if the reported location were between 5 metres and 75 metres, thedisturbance must have been at the gate.

Within FFT CAMS, the alarm will be shown to have been generated at the defined gate and

not at any adjoining zones! If we would like to open and close this gate without any alarms

being generated, such as during business hours, we can isolate this gate within FFT CAMS

in the following way:

1 Isolate the gate/zone within FFT CAMS.

2 Open the gate.

3 Allow vehicles through.4 Close the gate.

5 Reactivate the gate within FFT CAMS.

For further information regarding the Locating Controller and FFT CAMS, please refer to the

appropriate system manuals.


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9.5.3 Number of cable entries per GIU

Depending on the type of gate, there may be up to four cables that need to enter the GIUenclosure:

Cable coming from the fence or Cable coming from the first GIU (double gate

applications only)

Cable leaving towards the gate

Cable coming from the gate (Single gate applications only)

Cable returning to the fence.

GIUs are supplied with enough heat shrinks to install up to four cables.

9.5.4 Dual gate installation logic

If there is a double gate, GIU pairs will be required, one unit at either side of the gate opening.

Figure 9-8 shows the splice logic for this type of installation and all fibre cores required.

The cable path for a double gate is as follows:

Fence mounted cable will run from the fence down into the first buried pit.

Ensure that steel conduit is used to protect the cable any time it leaves the fence or a

buried pit.

Splice this cable into the first GIU coil. The sensor cable will then run from the GIU up onto the first gate in the pattern

recommended by FFT.

With the first gate cabled, the sensor cable will run back into the first buried pit then

under the roadway to the second buried pit at the other side of the road.

The cable will leave this pit, protected in steel conduit, and mount to the fence.

From here the cable will run around the second section of gate in the pattern

recommended by FFT.

With the second gate cabled, run the sensor cable back into the second buried pit.

The cable from the gate will be spliced into the second single coil GIU at this position

The cable exiting the GIU will then run from the second buried pit back onto the fence

to continue around the perimeter.


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Figure 9-8 GIUs applied to a double swing gate

9.5.5 Single gate installation logic

If there is a single-sided gate, one dual coil GIU will be required. Figure 9-9 shows the splice

logic for this type of installation and all fibre cores required.The cable path for a single gate is as follows:

Fence mounted cable will run from the fence down into the buried pit.

Ensure that steel conduit is used to protect the cable any time it leaves the fence or a

buried pit.

Splice this cable into the first coil of the dual coil GIU.

The sensor cable will then run from the GIU up onto the gate in the pattern

recommended by FFT.

With the gate cabled, the sensor cable will run back into the buried. The cable from the gate will be spliced into the second coil of the Dual Coil GIU at

this position.

The cable exiting the GIU will then run from the buried pit back onto the fence to

continue around the perimeter.

In Figure 9-8 and Figure 9-9, the GIU fibre loops are shown as aqua and yellow

for extra clarity. Loop one, shown as aqua, is actually blue. Loop 2, shown as

yellow, is actually orange.


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Figure 9-9 GIU applied to a single gate

9.5.6 Physical layout of the Gate Isolator Unit

Figure 9-10 GIU splice tray with loops

incoming

connection point

outgoing

connection point


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fft aura fence installation manual v1.1.2

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