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MID TERM REVIEW

EuroCirCol-P2-WP1-MidTermReviewInformation

Date: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)

Grant Agreement 654305 PUBLIC 1 / 40

Grant Agreement No: 654305

EuroCirCol European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study

Hor izon 2020 Research and Innovat ion Framework Programme, Research and Innovat ion Act ion

MEETING MINUTES

MID TERM REVIEW

Document identifier: EuroCirCol-P2-WP1-MidTermReviewInformation

Date and Time: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)

Place: InterContinental, Berlin, Germany

Work package: WP1 management, coordination and implementation

Document status: RELEASED (V1.0)

Type: Management

Participants: Present = , Excused = Roy Aleksan, Michael Benedikt, Frédérick Bordry, Antoine Chance, Johannes Gutleber (secretary), Julie Hadre, Oliver Kester (EC reviewer), Francis Perez, Daniel Schulte,, Andrei Seryi, Davide Tommasini

Link to Indico: https://indico.cern.ch/event/605995/

Copyright notice: Copyright © EuroCirCol Consortium, 2015 For more information on EuroCirCol, its partners and contributors please see www.cern.ch/eurocircol.

The European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study (EuroCirCol) project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. EuroCirCol began in June 2015 and will run for 4 years. The information herein only reflects the views of its authors and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information.

https://indico.cern.ch/event/605995/

http://www.cern.ch/eurocircol

MID TERM REVIEW


Date: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)


AGENDA 1. OPENING ................................................................................................................................................................. 3

2. REVIEWER’S OVERALL ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................... 4 2.1. SIGNIFICANT RESULTS LINKED TO DISSEMINATION, EXPLOITATION AND IMPACT POTENTIAL ............................. 4 2.2. GENERAL COMMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 4 2.3. RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE PERIOD COVERED BY THE REPORT ........................................................ 5 2.4. RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING FUTURE WORK ............................................................................................. 6

3. WP1 – MANAGEMENT, COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................ 7

4. WP2 ARC DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................... 17

5. WP3 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN ............................................................................... 26

6. WP4 CRYOGENIC BEAM VACUUM SYSTEM .............................................................................................. 30

7. WP5 HIGH FIELD MAGNET ............................................................................................................................. 36

MID TERM REVIEW


Date: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)


1. OPENING The mid-term review meeting took place during the FCC Week 2017. M. Benedikt opened the meeting at 12:00. O. Kester from TRIUMF has been nominated by the EC as Review for the project mid-term review. M. Benedikt introduced the participants and thanked O. Kester very much for following the comprehensive technical review of the Future Circular Collider study for an entire week. He reminded that the EuroCirCol H2020 project is a full subset of the international FCC study, which contributes significant matching resources to the EuroCirCol project. O. Kester confirmed that it is a good idea to have the EuroCirCol H2020 project fully integrated with the FCC study. This approach leads to numerous synergies and amplifies the impact potentials. O. Kester reminded the EuroCirCol management of vital key aspects that apply to all H2020 projects: 1) Projects must be well on track with respect to contents and schedule 2) Tight interaction between work packages must be clearly visible 3) The project must generate tangible and durable outcomes. For EuroCirCol this means for instance that findings can be applied to the approved High-Luminosity LHC upgrade project or other relevant Research Infrastructures 4) Project risks need to be understood and managed 5) If an action from the EC is needed to assist, correct or resolve a problem, timely and concise information needs to be communicated to the EC officer. The following sections summarize the situation of the project from the perspective of each of the five work packages.

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2. REVIEWER’S OVERALL ASSESSMENT Project has fully achieved its objectives and milestones for the period.

2.1. SIGNIFICANT RESULTS LINKED TO DISSEMINATION, EXPLOITATION AND IMPACT POTENTIAL Project has delivered exceptional results with significant immediate or potential impact (even if not all objectives mentioned in the Annex 1 to the GA were achieved). EuroCirCol is a conceptual design study for a post-LHC research infrastructure that will employ a circular hadron collider with unprecedented beam intensities and beam power at the energy frontier of 100 TeV. A new research infrastructure of this scale depends on cutting edge technologies that are pushed beyond current state of the art. The conceptual design study is to understand the challenges that appear at such energy scales. Innovative designs for accelerator magnets for high-quality fields up to 16 T and for a cryogenic beam vacuum system to cope with unprecedented synchrotron light power are mandatory and are attacked in the most professional way in EuroCirCol. Advanced energy efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness are key factors to build and operate such an accelerator within realistic time scale and cost. The according new beam dynamics design EuroCirCol investigates is paramount to magnet design parameter specification and key to achieve an optimized budget required for the machine construction. Hence EuroCirCol tackles issues, where performance and reliability of existing technologies touch their limits. Already in the mid-term the project reveals exceptional results in the different work packages.

2.2. GENERAL COMMENTS All world-class research infrastructures are built on a foundation of advanced technology and strong international collaboration. The FCC project does focus the R&D activities of the world leading laboratories in the field on the development of the post LHC discovery machine. The R&D will benefit significantly the future of LHC upgrades and operation. EuroCirCol as part of this endeavour fosters the co-ordination of the R&D of key technologies. At the FCC week in Berlin a strong and focused collaboration within EuroCirCol could be observed. In the sessions and in the meeting with collaboration board team members the diverse R&D programme with its rich training value for young researchers could be recognized. EuroCirCol fosters significantly creativity and collaboration, the key ingredients for innovation. The contribution of European research institutions and their scientists was visible and is strengthened through the support of the EU. All Milestones of EuroCirCol defined in the grant agreement have been reached and all deliverables have been submitted in time. The collaboration demonstrates a high performance in delivering theses key performance indicators. EuroCirCol is very well embedded in the FCC project, keying on high-risk items of the project, vacuum, beam dynamics, high field magnets and the interaction region. Important is the visible benefit of the project in attracting young researchers (students and post docs) and get them interested in the field. In addition, the project triggers the curiosity of the experts in different disciplines and labs to think outside the box and to try new paths to reach the goals of the R&D. The FCC week demonstrates the diversity of the field and is an unique opportunity for young researchers to get in touch with experts from many different disciplines. There was very positive feedback from this group of scientists.

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2.3. RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE PERIOD COVERED BY THE REPORT WP1: The FCC week is a real success as it assembles experts from all field in one place for discussion and talks over a full week. The integration of the collaboration meeting into the FCC week is mandatory, as the EuroCirCol WPs are integral part of the FCC project. WP2: The arcs of the collider and their magnets are critical for beam stability in the ring and they are the main cost driver of the machine. WP2 need to determine the requirements for the field quality of the superconducting magnets. The objectives of this work package are well defined and did not need any adjustment. Hiring is not yet complete, thus a lower number of man months, which does not have any impact on the progress due to a strong group of experienced experts. Regular reviews guarantee the advancement of the project and keeping it on track but hiring should be completed. Meetings with the WP5 members on field requirements and continuous exchange of data is ensured. WP3: The design of the experimental insertions is challenging due to the unprecedented beam energies and powers at highest luminosities. Achieving a small beta-function will improve the ratio of luminosity to circulating beam current, the latter leading to machine protection challenges and strong synchrotron radiation. The milestones and deliverables are on time. There is no info how many person months have been used out of the 244 PMs, but hiring obviously is completed. The final focusing system with long and short triplet versions is under investigation. Requirements and constraints for the other WPs are taken into account. A new quadrupole layout is required to restrict the length of the FF system. The solution for the elastically scattered protons between detector regions are the dispersion control collimators need to be worked out. The project is well steered by periodic general meetings, about once per month and additional group or topical meetings almost once per week. WP4: The functional and performance requirements of the cryogenic beam vacuum system for the arc dipoles are iterative together with the magnet cold bore design. Crucial aspects of this important system are heat loads due to synchrotron radiation, vacuum stability, beam-screen cooling and dynamic effects such as photo-electrons generation. This WP is proceeding extremely well. Significant progress has been made with the simulation of the screen and the ante chamber. The influence on the impedance budget has been investigated and the feedback was incorporated in the updated chamber design. A test set-up at ANKA has been installed and is operational. This will allow the team to measure the impact of synchrotron radiation on the chamber temperature and to infer the photo electron production rate. To have this complete set of measurements done in time, the objective has been adjusted and three prototypes of a vacuum chamber section have been built. A sophisticated coating process has been presented, using cold spray coating. Systems can be purchased from industry. On the same token, 3D printing technologies that allow to produce very complicate structures are under consideration. Therefore, investigations on the outgassing behaviour of printed vacuum samples are ongoing. The investigations of samples with surface treatment to mitigate vacuum effects has been delayed due to a move of the group from the Cockcroft institute to Daresbury lab. All milestones and deliverables have been provided and the project objectives have been adjusted according to the according to the outcome from the project execution. Hiring should be completed in this WP as well. WP5: The magnets of a future circular collider need to establish field strengths, which are way beyond the field presently used in accelerators like the LHC. The bending magnets will require field in the order of 16 T. The target field strength requires novel concepts for conductor materials, coil configurations and a clamping design that can deal with the much larger forces induced by the strong fields. This work package did not adjust any objectives is very active and proceeding well. All milestones and deliverables have been delivered. However, it is questionable whether D5.2 can be achieved in time as the design of such magnets is more difficult and so far, many concepts are available.

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Therefore a “detailed description of the preferred baseline design with its expected performances” is not very likely to be fixed in summer this year. The man power available in the collaboration is sufficient for this extensive task. CEA is involved in the electromagnetic design of SC bending magnets, but is not mentioned in the task 5.4. Prototypes of all magnet types need to be built. Discussion with major labs to build short prototypes is ongoing.

2.4. RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING FUTURE WORK EuroCirCol is technical well on track. There is no slippage on milestones and on deliverables. The collaboration working on the different WPs are strong and have substantial expertise in the field addressed. In particular for young researchers, EuroCirCol is an ideal environment to become part of a strong network and to get in touch with experts from many different areas of accelerator science and technology. The training, education and coaching of young researchers is an important part of FCC and EuroCirCol and a successful model to move interested young scientist into the field. As there is a massive shortage of accelerator scientist worldwide, this endeavour is a great success and a role model. The EC should consider to establish a long term support of FCC via TIARA addressing key technologies and training of young researchers. Although it is not a direct topic of EuroCirCol, but the option of a superconducting SPS (SC-SPS) as the injector for FCC, which emerged from the investigations of the beam dynamics, seems to be very attractive. It would allow to combine the refurbishment of the SPS, which is mandatory for a long-term operation in the post LHC era with a significant reduction of the operation costs compared to the LHC running as the FCC injector. In addition, an SCSPS could also serve as injector for a HE-LHC. This option should be seriously be evaluated in terms of budget and operational model. The beam dynamics effects should be investigated in more detail due to the lower injection energy of 1.3 TeV. The injection emittance need to be reduced, which will demand improvements of the injector chain beam quality. Experiments planned at LHC running lower beam injection energy will confirm feasibility of a lower injection energy in a collider machine like FCC.

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3. WP1 – MANAGEMENT, COORDINATION & IMPLEMENTATION The management, coordination and implementation work package (WP 1) comprises all activities required to adequately set up and coordinate the work and to assure the quality of the planned deliverables. It includes managerial and administrative tasks as well as the technical coordination to come to an unanimously agreed set of baseline parameters as the technical work progresses. Based on experience from previous large-scale projects and seeking ties with similar intergovernmental agencies, implementation and governance scenarios will be evaluated. All these activities are complemented with a rigorous communication and innovation management program that builds on successful predecessor EC projects. This work package produces the FCC hadron collider (FCC-hh) Conceptual Design Report (CDR) as the main outcome of the study. Table 1: WP1 Mid Term Review information

WP 1 Management, Coordination and Implementation WP Leader: Michael Benedikt (CERN) WP Deputy: Daniel Schulte (CERN) Compliance with workplan:

Compliant

Planned objectives Adjustments Manage the H2020 study project and integrate it coherently with the FCC study

None required.

Produce hadron collider Conceptual Design Report (CDR)

The production of a preliminary CDR has been anticipated upon request of the CERN directorate. The tentative date for the presentation of this pre-CDR is 22/23 November 2018. The production of the corresponding EuroCirCol deliverable D1.5 is not affected.

Assure quality of the deliverables None required. Coordinate work packages at technical and scientific level and maintain the technical scope

None required.

Coordinate hadron collider baseline parameter refinement and develop an overall layout and plan for the collider infrastructure

None required.

Ensure a coordinated flow of information between project, industry, universities

None required.

Develop implementation scenarios including management and governance structures

None required.

Develop a cost baseline for the collider infrastructure

None required.

Breakthroughs

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Scientific breakthrough potentials

Not applicable for WP1.

Industrial breakthrough potentials

WP1 includes continuous technology scouting in tight cooperation with the other work packages. As a result, dedicated R&D projects with selected industry partners have been established for key-enabling technologies (e.g. superconductors relevant for WP5, thin-film coatings and surface treatments for WP4, reliability and availability modelling and simulation methods and tools for WPs 2 and 3). Consequently, industry interest grew and a first assessment of underexploited market potentials for new superconductors has been started in early 2017. A globally acting energy supplier is evaluating the adoption of the reliability & availability method and tool. 4 companies in Europe, Japan, Russia and Korea have started to develop new lines of superconductors. A training network on superconductors and their societal applications has been launched in 2017.

Compliance with schedule:

On schedule

Milestones and Deliverables ID Title Date Status

M1.2 EuroCirCol Kick-off Meeting 01/07/2015 Completed M1.1 Web site available 01/08/2015 Completed D1.1 Preliminary collider baseline

parameters 01/10/2015 Completed

M1.3 QA, publication and communication plan

01/12/2015 Completed

M1.6 1st Annual EuroCirCol Collaboration Meeting


M1.4 Annual Report 01/06/2016 Completed M1.5 Collider baseline

parameters 01/06/2016 Completed

D1.2 Communication and outreach strategy


D1.3 Periodic report 1 01/12/2016 Completed M1.7 2nd Annual EuroCirCol

Collaboration Meeting 01/03/2017 In progress

Risk materialized Reason Mitigation action Describe what risk materialized

Explain, why the risk materialized

Explain, how the risk was managed

None. Not applicable. Not applicable. Resources: Planned Used Personnel 150 PM foreseen for M48 45 PM at M18 consisting of 39 PM for

CERN (Julie Hadre – project office

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administration) and 6 PM for UNILIV (Ricardo Torres - Science Communications and Alexandra Welsch – Assistant Science Communications)

Materials Other direct costs 115’110 EUR (15’100 EUR travel cost + 100’000 EUR material and other direct costs)

Other direct costs 16’745 EUR at M18. The amount is low, since the development of outreach and communication materials using EC funds (e.g. video production) only started in 2017 after relevant scientific contents has been produced. Significant amounts of other communication materials (brochures in English, French, German; Website; articles for non-science audiences; mini exhibitions; public events)

Economy, efficiency and effectiveness

EuroCirCol has been planned as a full subset from a large, international study collaboration so that the EC project can profit from existing management infrastructures, human resources and services (legal, finance, communications) at CERN for such an endeavour. Synergies with other H2020 projects have been foreseen to efficiently move forward with the research programme and joint networking and communication events.

The international FCC study federates today 116 academic institutes and 25 companies from 33 countries. The activities in this study represent significant matching resources, namely concerning material (“Other direct costs”) for R&D activities (development and production of superconductors, cryogenic beam vacuum prototypes, test facilities, scientific workshop, regular working meetings and outreach/communication activities. EuroCirCol scientists are continuously and closely cooperating with researchers and engineers who also work for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade project. The joint activities have already led to new insights that will be valuable for the continued operation of the LHC at high luminosity: understanding of Nb3Sn superconductor quench behaviour, optimisation of the conductor for the 11 T magnet under design, insights in the formation of electron clouds and potential mitigation measures, improved collider beam optics design and simulation software, approaches for the optimisation of the beam availability, and the training of next-generation engineers to build and operate the HL-LHC upgrade are just a few examples. Joint events have been performed with the EuCard2, ARIES, HL-LHC EU projects. Cooperations with further EU projects EASItrain, FuSuMaTech, AMICI are currently being set up. In addition, a permanent cooperation with the IEEE has been set up, which has also led to the creation of an “Innovation Award”

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for outstanding Early Stage Researchers who device technologies with societal applications. Three researchers are selected each year for this award. In 2017 also the “Diversity Prize” has for the first time been awarded to ease the participation of traditionally underrepresented groups in the particle accelerator science domain.

Management procedures and methods Assessment Adequate Planning and tracking Planning and tracking are carried out by the EuroCirCol Coordination

Committee. Regular working meetings of the work package leaders and the Executive Coordination Committee (ECC) are taking place at alternating beneficiary locations. All meetings are supported by videoconferencing (CERN’s Vidyo system). ECC meetings and reviews (such as this mid-term review) are also organised at the occasion of the annual FCC collaboration meetings. Fine granularity planning and tracking is achieved through the tight integration with the FCC study, namely the FCC Coordination Committee (meets once per month) and the FCC Accelerator Coordination Committee (meets once per month).

Steering and decisions Steering and decision taking is taking place during the meetings, which are also supported by bi-weekly FCC Coordination Committee and Accelerator Coordination Committee meetings. The FCC Coordination Committee includes also the EuroCirCol Work Package Leaders. All decisions are taken on a consensus basis and are agreed with the other EuroCirCol work packages and representatives of relevant FCC work packages (detector and experiments, infrastructure and operation). Regular additional topical meetings are organized (ca. every two week) to expose the status of different tasks to the Work Package Leaders. Decisions are ultimately reviewed and approved by the FCC and EuroCirCol joint Collaboration Board (twice per year). A comprehensive yearly review by a joint FCC/EuroCirCol Advisory Committee which consists of world-renowned experts in the field has taken place in May and June 2017.

Documentation Meeting agendas, minutes, decisions and rationals, contracts, collaboration agreements, technical and engineering documents, drawings, cost estimates, non-scientific outreach material is archived on the configuration managed Electronic Data Management System (EDMS) at CERN. Deliverable and Milestone documents are commonly produced and edited using a dedicated, collaborative site (Sharepoint based) and once approved by project management are made public and uploaded on the H2020 participant portal (for Milestone documents links are put to the public part of the Sharepoint site). Scientific documents are openly accessible published on CERN’s Document Server (CDS) in addition to the journals and proceedings for which they are intended. Open access journals are preferred. CERN’s

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library service makes a large amount of journals available for persons who have access to CERN’s resources (all EuroCirCol scientific project members belong to this group of persons) via the SCOAP3 and bi-lateral agreements. Meetings and workshops are documented using CERN’s Indico event planning platform, which is also integrated with the Vidyo video conferencing systems. Slides and supplemental materials are openly made available via this platform. Only governance body meetings and working meetings with companies under bi-lateral contractual agreements are protected and made available to persons in the project with relevant access permissions. Software, data and configuration files for beam optics are managed via CERN’s Git repository environment. The main products of the study, the Conceptual Design Report volumes, will be made openly available to the world population as CERN Yellow Reports, archived on CDS.

Risk handling Risks are regularly reviewed in the frame of the Coordination Committee and Advisory Committee meetings. This project is managed by senior staff of the beneficiaries who have already an existing cooperation work track record. The advisory committee also consists of persons with decades of work experience in the domain, notably the construction of very large high-tech research infrastructures such as the Large Hadron Collider, Iter, Tevatron, ALBA, RHIC and others.

Beneficiaries contributions to WP CERN CERN hosts the FCC study and integrates the EuroCirCol project in these activities.

CERN established the governance structures, runs the project on a daily basis, provides the office, administration, legal, financial and main communication services for the study.

UNILIV UNILIV develops EuroCirCol specific communication materials, extends the communication network by interlinking with other EU projects and contributes with experience of communication activities from successful past EU projects that were run by the group in charge at this university.

Beneficiaries integration CERN CERN integrates all beneficiaries in this project in the management and

coordination activities and ensures that there is a continuous and tight interaction between the participating organisations and the work packages. CERN also continuously works to enlarge the FCC study collaboration that is bound together by a dedicated Memorandum of Understanding, which also all EuroCirCol beneficiaries have signed. CERN strives to create bonds between the new FCC participants and the EuroCirCol participants. CERN creates collaborations with industry partners and maintains the records of those industry partners that are linked by the EuroCirCol beneficiaries.

UNILIV UNILIV regularly interacts with all beneficiaries for the purpose of collecting information and stories for outreach and communication activities. This action helps getting to know better the individual contributors in the consortium and thus leads to efficient communication of the science being performed (e.g. Spotlight on… series reporting on the participating institutes and key researchers).

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The university integrates additional communication network partners via their EU TEAM group and promotes EuroCirCol at the occasions of summer schools, international conferences.

New partners beyond initial consortium scope More than 100 partners

Today, the FCC study federates 116 academic institutes from 33 nations. EuroCirCol is fully part of this global activity and regular information exchange, working meetings and networking activities are taking place within the frame of this vibrant community. The entire list of institutes can be retrieved at https://fcc.web.cern.ch/Pages/Collaboration.aspx

Expected impact assessment Scientific The project so far permits leading to the conclusion that a 100 TeV high-energy

hadron collider with a circumference of ca. 100 km is indeed technically feasible and can be embedded in the Geneva region, valorising the precious assets that European nations have built up over a more than 60 years’ time. A tentative schedule, considering physics opportunities, strategic decision constraints, practical constraints such as the full exploitation of the LHC research infrastructure, civil engineering, development and industrialisation of next generation superconducting magnet technology, energy efficiency, operability and recently host-state administrative and legal procedures have been developed and no particular show-stopper has been identified so far. The scientific impact potentials that such a machine can generate include the following potentials:

1) Fully explore the potential of the Higgs particle and how it interacts with the other particles of the Standard Model, including the Higgs particle itself. This permits also to draw conclusions about the stability criteria of the Higgs field, which governs or known universe today.

2) Understanding if the Higgs boson is a fundamental particle or has an internal structure.

3) The definitive elucidation of the Electroweak symmetry breaking region 4) Exclusion of numerous (mainly WIMP oriented) dark matter candidate

theories 5) Search for additional, direct CP violation mechanisms to explain the

matter/antimatter asymmetry 6) Search for a fourth type of neutrino (sterile) that can explain the measured

non-zero masses of neutrinos 7) Give the definite answer to exclude the concept of “Naturalness” that

guides the research of fundamental particle physics so far. 8) Measure with high-precision the coupling constant of the strong interaction,

one of the four fundamental sources in the universe. 9) Understand the generation of quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions,

which is the primordial matter of the universe.

This initial, confirmed physics programme gives only a glimpse of a multi-decennial research activity under European leadership that such an extreme energy particle collider research facility would create for the world-wide science community.

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Technological A list of key technologies requires accelerated R&D programmes in case a decision is taken at the end of the EuroCirCol project to continue with a pre-project phase. The EC funded parts of this endeavour until 2019 would create technological impacts in the following areas: Development of 16 Tesla full-scale superconducting magnet prototypes. This technology is today not available and significant conductor cost reductions (factor 3 to 4) together with the ongoing performance improvements need to be achieved. Results of this project define the R&D roadmap and provide solution approaches. Development of thin films and surface treatment techniques for the cryogenic beam vacuum system of an extreme energy hadron collider. This project indicates the R&D roadmap and provides solution approaches, namely for surface laser treatment, novel high-temperature superconducting thin-films produces at large scales, more efficient cryogenic refrigeration and heat extraction techniques.

Economic In the scope of the FCC study, a Cost/Benefit Analysis (CBA) has been launched that builds upon a preliminary CBA of the LHC project. This work targets a review and extension of the LHC CBA to include the HL-LHC project until ~ 2035 so to be able to extrapolate to the benefits of a post-LHC research infrastructure. The intermediary results so far revealed: Training of early stage researchers, company employees and students represents a significant monetary value of CERN’s accelerator projects. The lower-bound of the additional value that a single person involved in a CERN project creates for the society is ca. 150’000 Euro over the active work period (until retirement). For the initial LHC program until 2025 a total of 5.5 billion Euros would be generated through training alone. There exists room to further exploit the training potentials, for instance by including apprentices (non-academic level training), direct training of private industry employees, training of non-technical staff at international level. The study already reveals that particular training courses established for this project (e.g. reliability and availability) is valuable to industry, since they send already today paying customers to our courses. Innovative industries, i.e. companies who develop or improve their products and services specifically in the scope of a project for or with CERN exhibit a significant positive EBIT growth (P < 0.01). European companies of any size who participate in a future particle collider project would directly benefit from this effect, multiplying the invested member state funds and returning them to the national economies. The particle collider and the associated experiments generate significant amounts of media contents (books, journals articles, movies, TV shows, newspaper coverage, social media and Web traffic). An estimate of the economic equivalent value will be carried out at a later stage. An initial survey of a smaller population sample indicated a surprising willingness-to-pay value, i.e. the availability to pay a certain amount of money per year just to know that research to unveil the fundamental building blocks that make up our universe is being done. Currently a more precise survey in France is being prepared to get a better understanding and a more precise economic value. CERN’s accelerator complex is Geneva’s most visited tourist attraction with ca. 130’000 visitors yearly. Better exploiting this asset in the frame of a post-LHC project can lead to an additional income source that further amplifies the research carried out at such an infrastructure in Europe at a global scale.

Competitive There exists, however, a unique time window to design and build an extreme-energy particle collider to shed light on the burning questions in fundamental particle physics that the completion of the Standard Model with the discovery of the Higgs

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boson has put on the priority list of the world’s physics community. If this time-window is not properly used, European’s leadership in the field is at risk and the focus may shift to other regions of the world. This would ensure CERN’s member state competitiveness on the global stage of physics and in selected high-tech research domains throughout the 21st century, attracting large groups of scientists and engineers from all regions of the world. The development and construction of a 100 km long, extreme energy particle collider and its associated technical infrastructures, the experiments and world-wide distributed computing infrastructures would contribute to improve the competitiveness of companies and engineers involved in such a mega-project. A non-exhaustive list of key domains with non-scientific use potentials includes:

- Superconducting materials - Superconducting high-field magnets - Large-scale cryogenics - Energy efficient power conversion, transmission and buffering - Thin-film technologies - Large-scale, distributed production, manufacturing with automation support - High-performance, low-power and rugged electronics - High-throughput wired and wireless communication systems - Developments of a vast range of engineering, scientific, communication

and collaborative software tools - Sensor and detector developments - Logistics and transport technologies - Waste heat and energy recovery technologies

Last, but not least, European’s higher and continuing education ecosystem would be able to boost its competitiveness, attracting not only top educators from all around the globe, but also bringing a higher quantity of excellence scientists, engineers and employees to the job marked.

Social The social benefits of a post-LHC particle-accelerator based research infrastructure that this project conceives emerge from the above outlined scientific, technical, economic and competitive impacts, bringing investments of project participants beyond the European Research Era to all member states of CERN. A large and long-lasting multi-national research project helps bringing stability to the society by defining a clear, well-focused, peaceful goal and federating individuals, organisations and ultimately nations in a productive way. This effect is particularly appealing in times of general political re-organisation at global scale, economic uncertainty and a transformation of a society from production to service and knowledge. The latter is exactly the focus of the research infrastructure proposed by EuroCirCol.

Plans for dissemination Consortium Results of the work are shared with the Consortium Partners during the

regular review sessions, topical workshops and the annual meeting which are part of the yearly FCC weeks.

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Directly related science & technology community

Coverage of the work in articles of the Accelerating News newsletter (www.acceleratingnews.eu)

Related sciences Governance bodies, opinion makers and decision takers

Summary presentations are given in governance meetings of EuroCirCol and of the FCC umbrella study during the FCC Week by the work package participants. The results are provided to the project management who is reporting them to the CERN accelerator and technology management board, the CERN scientific policy committee, the CERN council members, the EC project officer and appointed project reviewer. The results are discussed in the FCC International Steering Committee and International Advisory Committee (IAC) which is composed by leading staff and directors of international universities, research centres, and funding agencies. IAC members: Akira Yamamoto (KEK), Alban Mosnier (CEA), Andrew Parker (U. Cambridge), Caterina Biscari (ALBA/CELLS), Chris Quigg (FNAL), Gregor Herten (U. Freiburg), Guenther Dissertori (ETH Zurich), Joseph Minervini (MIT), Marc Ross (SLAC), Marcella Diemoz (INFN), Mike Seidel (PSI), Philippe Lebrun (JUAS), Ralph Assmann (DESY), Timothy Watson (ITER), Victor Egorychev (ITEP), Vladimir Shiltsev (FNAL) and Wolfram Fischer (BNL). ISC members:

1. ECFA representative and chair, Pierluigi Campana, (LNF, INFN) 2. Chair of the International Collaboration Board, Leonid Rivkin, EPFL, Switzerland 3. Representative of the Host organisation, Frederick Bordry, Director of Accelerators and Technology, CERN 4. Representative of the Host organisation, Eckhard Elsen, Director of Research and Scientific Computing 5. Member, Philippe Chomaz (CEA-SACLAY) 6. Member, Andrew James Lankford (UC. Irvine) 7. Member, Eric Colby (US DOE) 8. Member, John Womersley (ESS)

Finally a summary report has been produced for ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators). The Conceptual Design Report is the input for the European Strategy for Particle Physics update taking place in 2019 and 2020.

Industry Informal meetings with industries producing particle accelerator components are taking place during the EuroCirCol / FCC annual meeting to inform them about the technological requirements that result from the scientific findings that emerge from this WP.

Education A CERN academic lecture series on high energy particle accelerators including the scientific findings of this WP has taken place at CERN (date to be provided)

Media Detailed information about media material currently being developed can be found in the recently submitted periodic report.

http://www.acceleratingnews.eu/

MID TERM REVIEW


Date: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)


Non-scientific audience

Detailed information about media material currently being developed can be found in the recently submitted periodic report.

Critics and uninterested


Other Detailed information about media material currently being developed can be found in the recently submitted periodic report.

MID TERM REVIEW


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4. WP2 ARC DESIGN Table 2 WP2 Mid Term Review information

WP 2 ARC DESIGN WP Leader: Antoine Chance (CEA) WP Deputy: Bernhard Holzer (CERN) Compliance with workplan:

Compliant

Planned objectives Adjustments To optimize arc optics. No adjustments needed To integrate the insertions to get lattice files for the whole collider.

No adjustments needed

To bring correction schemes for the optics.


To get field tolerance of the magnets thanks to dynamic aperture studies


To evaluate finely impedance and instability sources. Mitigation solutions will be proposed and investigated like HTS and/or carbon coating.


To study the interplay of the impedance and of the electron cloud. Mitigation solutions for electron cloud will be investigated like laser coating.


Collimation concepts will be investigated further. Some solutions to handle the debris loss will be improved.


To optimize dispersion suppressors to handle and collimate the debris coming from the insertions.


Breakthroughs Scientific breakthrough potentials

This is the first time that for a 100 TeV proton-proton collider a workable beam lattice and beam optics has been produced. The design leverages the existing asset of the LHC accelerating infrastructure as an injector.

• Development of optimization tools for the arc cell. The filling ratio is a figure of merit and some developments were done to find the best points to minimize the dipole fields.

• Development of software to integrate the different parts of the collider and make them work together. Indeed, different groups are working on different parts of the collider (such as experimental sections). Such a tool was created to make sure the integration was well done with the targeted circumference. Mad-X files are then generated which integrates all parts of the colliders.

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• Development of correction routines (alignment, coupling, tune, spurious dispersion). Some specific macros were developed for FCC-hh. The studies have shown the limitations of some schemes used on LHC like spurious dispersion correction. Other schemes were then developed.

• Improvement of the tools for dynamic aperture studies with some modifications on the software to make it work on a machine such as FCC-hh. The run scripts were modified to work on the FCC framework.

• Development of simulation tools for the impedance calculations. Specific developments were mandatory to take into account the specific beam screen for FCC. Some modifications were brought to understand the impact of the various surface treatment techniques on the impedance (see WP4 Cryogenic Beam Vacuum System).

• Development of dedicated tools for the electron cloud studies. • The Landau damping with octupoles has been studied for the

specific case of FCC. An alternative, which was not tested before, is based on RF quadrupoles. This scheme is promising and currently studied.

• Development of tools to handle the debris generated by the interaction of the proton beam with the collimators. The studies have shown that some discrepancy in the cross sections calculations between the different codes (FLUKA, Geant4, or Merlin). This study was a major step in a better simulation of the collimation processes.


The design and simulation in this work package does not have a direct industrial impact but may have an economic impact for the development of other particle accelerators based infrastructure. The development of the collider lattice and beam optics for this particular machine leads to a significant better understanding of high energy particle accelerators in general. The findings may lead to efficiency improvements also in operating research infrastructures such as a large hadron collider and may become useful in the design of future high energy machines (e.g. FAIR).


On schedule


M2.1 WP group established and hiring complete

01/11/2015 On schedule

M2.2 Preliminary arc optics and lattice files


D2.1 Overview of arc design options


D2.2 Overview of collimation concepts


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Hiring uncomplete One of the hired people dismissed to another position end 2015.

A master student has been recruited firstly. A PhD student has been recruited in October 2016 for replacement.

Resources: Planned Used Personnel 358 PM at M48 83 PM at M18

• CERN 25 PM: • CEA 32 PM:4 engineers (D.

Boutin, A. Chance, B. Dalena, J. Payet)

• CNRS 16 PM: Two post-doc (A. LACHAIZE and J. MOLSON),one senior engineer (S. CHANCE), Three scientists (JL BIARROTTE, P. BAMBADE, A. FAUS-GOLFE)

• TUD 8 PM: one scientist • KEK 3 PM: three scientists

The WP achieved the planned objectives. We have all PDRAs hired and working on the tasks. The names of PDRA and graduate students working in the WP include: Bernhard Holzer, Wolfgang Bartmann, Florian Burkart, Maria Fiascaris (left on November 2016), Andy Langner, Lotta Mether, Stefano Redaelli, Giovani Romulo, Benoït Salvant (CERN), David Boutin, Antoine Chance, Barbara Dalena (CEA), Jacques Payet (CEA, retired since April 2016), Daria Astapovych, Oliver Boine-Frankenheimem, Patrick Krkotic, Uwe Niedermayer (TUDa), Fedor Petrov (TUDa, left on 31st December 2015), Vladimir Kornilov (GSI), Philip Bambade, Angeles Faus-Golfe, James Molson, Sophie Chance (CNRS/LAL), Antoine Lachaize, Luc Perrot (CNRS/IPNO), Jean-Luc Biarrotte (CNRS/IPNO, left on April 2016).

Materials No significant material and services infrastructures apart from collaboration and dedicated working

Collaboration and working meetings took place as foreseen (Other direct cost in PR1 at M18 16745 EUR).

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meetings are required for the work in this work package (in PR1 at M48 99400 EUR: 10’000 EUR of material and other direct costs + 89’400 EUR of travel costs ).


It was planned to engage additional working groups outside the EuroCirCol project continuously in the design and elaboration of the collider performance baseline parameters and the technical concepts that are needed to realize this performance characteristics. The working groups from theoretical physics, experimental physics, infrastructure and operation, are composed of members of the 100 FCC collaboration partners and a number of associated industrial partners.

The assigned resources were used in the planned way. In addition, the team established work relationship with other work packages outside the EuroCirCol project. They gathered information which is relevant for the efficiency optimization of the particle collider from the infrastructure and operation work package (civil engineering, reliability and availability studies, radiation effect, safety concept development, transport and logistics, electricity infrastructure, cryogenic refrigeration infrastructure, HVSC infrastructure. Regular and intense information exchange to optimize the performance parameters took place with the group that develops the detector and experiment concept and with the group of theoretical physicists who explores the physics opportunity of such a machine.

Management procedures and methods Assessment Adequate Planning and tracking Regular working meetings are taking place at the CEA headquarters in

Paris and weekly videoconference meetings with CERN. Additional collaboration partners are invited on a case by case basis. After an initial phase, topical working meetings across the work packages (WP5 High Field Magnets) have been initiated. Twice per year, a review of the entire accelerator design is taking place and the baseline design of civil engineering and technical infrastructure are incorporated in order to produce a new version of a workable beam optics. Planning and tracking are carried out inside these management bodies.

Steering and decisions Steering and decision taking is taking place during the review workshops. All decisions are taken on a consensus basis and are agreed with the other EuroCirCol work packages and representatives of relevant FCC work packages (detector and experiments, infrastructure and operation). Regular meetings are organized (every two week) to expose the status of different tasks. Different review meetings took place to monitor the advancement of the project:

- The injection energy was reviewed on October 2015. - A review of the collider ring optics and of the beam dynamics was

done on November 2015. - The design of the FCC-hh ring was reviewed on November 2016.

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Documentation The documentation foundation of the arc design work package is the baseline parameters document. It represents the high level requirements and is regularly updated. A Git repository is in place for the configuration managed development of the lattice and beam optics. Meeting agenda, support material (notes, memos, presentations), minutes and decision taken are managed using the CERN developed Indico platform. Scientific results are summarized in notes, reports and papers which are stored on the CERN Document Server platform (cds.cern.ch). All documentation is publically accessible.

Risk handling The work package 2 profits from the guidance of a senior staff member at CERN (Daniel Schulte) who performs together with the work package leaders a continuous risk monitoring and assessment. The WP leader collects once per month from all tasks leaders progress reports and asks for risks potential. This reports are reviewed together with the CERN based FCC coordination group members and if needed, mitigation actions are commonly developed (i.e. the long distance between the team based at KEK in Japan and the European WP members receives particular attention). In order to anticipate the materialization of risk of the impedance effects and the formation of electron cloud, an additional scientist at EPFL Lausanne (additional matching research resources) has been assigned to complement the work of KEK.

Beneficiaries contributions to WP CEA Optimization of the arc cells, integration of the insertions with the arcs, correction

schemes, dynamic aperture studies CERN Optics studies (dispersion suppressors), collimation studies CNRS Collimation studies TUDa Impedance, instability, electron cloud studies EPFL Electron cloud studies KEK Electron cloud studies Beneficiaries integration CEA In charge of the WP, leads the lattice integration, correction and dynamic aperture

studies CERN Co-leads the WP, Co-leads collimation studies CNRS Leads collimation studies TUDa Leads impedance and electron cloud activities KEK Contributes to electron cloud studies EPFL Contributes to electron cloud studies News partners beyond initial consortium scope GSI Contributes to instability studies.

Expected impact assessment

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Date: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)


Scientific For the first time a workable lattice and beam optics has been developed for a 100 TeV proton-proton particle collider. To achieve this purpose, new accelerator physics methods (calculation and simulation tools) have been developed, or existing methods and tools have been improved to capture the physics beyond the current energy frontier.

Technological The comparison of three software tools to assess the impact of high energetic particles on meta in the collimation system revealed significant differences in the results produced by the three simulation packages (FLUKA, Merlin and Geant4). As a result of the research performed in this WP, the development team of the three software packages are now able to understand the underline reasons. Different physics models are used in the three software packages which lead to incoherent results and the three teams will work to improve the coherence of the models. In the course of the work, two software packages are used to perform the beam optics simulation (Mad-X and Six Track). Through the work, numerous pack fixes have been communicated to the software pack teams, that results in quality improvement of the tools which are used by the entire particle accelerator community. As a result of a scientific funding, suggestions on how to come to a workable machine element design have been discussed with other work packages inside the EuroCirCol work package and with relevant work package representatives of the FCC study which acts as an umbrella for this project. This leads to potential impact on new technology developments (i.e. the development of an entirely new cryogenic beam vacuum system, novel approaches for surface treatments used for the beam pipe and beam screen, advances in the development of very high field superconductive magnet, the development of systems to manage extremely high stored energies, innovative high energy collimation scheme, new magnet cooling and cryogenic refrigeration infrastructure).

Economic No direct economic impact of the scientific work in this work package is expected. The training of Early Stage Researchers, the significant enlargement of the academic curriculum of particle accelerator physics, represent an indirect economic impact which is currently materializing.

Competitive The creation of a European cluster for the advancement of particle accelerator physics taking the development of a 100 TeV proton-proton collider as a case study gives Europe a unique opportunity to extend its leadership in this field of research. The work attracts already today numerous scientist from the European Research Area (ERA), the United States and Japan. We can expect that through this centre of competence additional students and scientists from all around the world will join the effort in the coming years, thus putting Europe in the focus of this scientific domain.

Social There are no direct societal impact related to the research performed in this particular work package. However, we notice already today during outreach events that the interest of the public in fundamental research beyond the energy frontier is high and therefore societal impact for a 100 TeV proton-proton particle collider, if built, will exist. A first set of these impacts are described in the recently published periodic report. They will be refined in the subsequent periodic report.

Plans for dissemination

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Consortium Results of the work are shared with the Consortium Partners during the regular review sessions, topical workshops and the annual meeting which are part of the yearly FCC weeks.


Coverage of the work in articles of the Accelerating News newsletter (www.acceleratingnews.eu) Contributed presentations to IPAC:

1. B. Dalena et al., First Considerations on Beam Optics and Lattice Design for the Future Hadron-Hadron Collider FCC-hh, in Proc. IPAC'15, Richmond, VA, USA, May 2015, pp. 2466-2468.

Proceedings to IPAC: 2. K. Ohmi et al.,"Study of Electron Cloud Instabilities in FCC-hh”,

inProc.IPAC'15, Richmond, VA, USA, May 2015, pp 2007-2009 3. B. Dalena et al., "First Evaluation of Dynamic Aperture at Injection

for FCC-hh", In Proc. 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Busan, Korea, 8 - 13 May 2016, pp.TUPMW019

4. A. Chance et al., "Status of the Beam Optics of the Future Hadron-Hadron collider FCC-hh", In Proc. 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Busan, Korea, 8 - 13 May 2016, pp.TUPMW020

5. D. Boutin et al., "Residual Orbit Correction Studies for the FCC-hh", In Proc. 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Busan, Korea, 8 - 13 May 2016, pp.THPMB042

6. J. Molson et al., "Simulation of the FCC-hh Collimation System", In Proc. 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference, Busan, Korea, 8 - 13 May 2016, pp.TUPMR054

7. M. Fiascaris, R. Bruce, D. Mirarchi, and S. Redaelli, “First Design of a Proton Collimation System for 50 TeV FCC-hh”, in Proc. 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC'16), Busan, Korea, May 2016, paper WEPMW006, pp. 2423-2426

8. B. Dalena, D. Boutin, A. Chancé, B. Holzer, D. Schulte, "First Evaluation of Dynamic Aperture at Injection for FCC-hh", arXiv:1607.02049 [physics.acc-ph]

Scientific articles:

1. U. Niedermayer, O. Boine-Frankenheim, H. De Gersem, Space charge and resistive wall impedance computation in the frequency domain using the finite element method Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams, 18, 32001 (2015)

2. E. Metral, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, N. Biancacci, X. Buffat, J. F. Esteban Muller, W. Herr, G. Iadarola, A. Lasheen, K. Li, A.Oeftiger, T. Pieloni, D. Quartullo, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, E. Shaposhnikova, C. Tambasco, H. Timko, C. Zannini, A. Burov, D.Banfi, J. Barranco, N. Mounet, O. Boine-Frankenheim, U. Niedermayer, V.Kornilov, S. White,Beam instabilities in hadron synchrotrons, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 63, 1001 (2016)

3. F. Petrov, O. Boine-Frankenheim, Electron cloud wakefields in bunch trains, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 810, 172 (2016)

4. R. B. Appleby et al., "The practical Pomeron for high energy proton collimation", Eur. Phys. J. C (2016) 76: 520.

http://www.acceleratingnews.eu/

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5. U. Niedermayer, O. Boine-Frankenheim, and H. De Gersem, “Computation of Beam Coupling Impedance in the Frequency Domain by means of FIT and FEM“, Proc. Of ICAP 2016, Shanghai, China, 2016

Related sciences IPAC proceedings (listed above) Articles submitted to PRSTAB

Governance bodies, opinion makers and decision takers



Finally a summary report has been produced for ICFA (International Committee for Future Accelerators). The Conceptual Design Report is the input for the European Strategy for Particle Physics update taking place in 2019 and 2020.

Industry Informal meetings with industries producing particle accelerator components are taking place during the EuroCirCol / FCC annual meeting to inform them about the technological requirements that result from the scientific findings that emerge from this WP.

Education A CERN academic lecture series on high energy particle accelerators including the scientific findings of this WP has taken place at CERN (date to be provided)

MID TERM REVIEW


Date: 2017-06-01, from 12:00 to 13:30 (1.5 hour)


Media Detailed information about media material currently being developed can be found in the recently submitted periodic report.

Non-scientific audience





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5. WP3 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN Table 3 WP3 Mid Term Review information

WP 3 EXPERIMENTAL INSERTION REGION DESIGN WP Leader: Andrei Seryi (UOXF) WP Deputy: Rogelio Tomas (CERN) Compliance with workplan:

Compliant

Planned objectives Adjustments Description of objective: Design FCC-hh Experimental Interaction Region, including design studies of optics, machine-detector interface issues, beam-beam interaction effects



Our work affect the feasibility study of FCC-hh collider, which has tremendous scientific potential for discoveries and breakthroughs


Indirectly, as when FCC-hh will be realized or prototyped, there will be a lot of industrial engagement with potential of technological breakthrough


On schedule




M3.2 Preliminary EIR optics and lattice files


D3.1 Overview of EIR design options


M3.3 Requirements and constraints of EIR design

option on WP2, WP4, WP5





None N/A N/A Resources: Planned Used Personnel 244 PM

Two postdocs at UNIOXF 65 PM at M18

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One postdoc at STFC/Manchester One postdoc at INFN One postdoc at EPFL

• CERN 34 PM: Maria Ilaria Besana 3 PM, Xavier Buffat 4 PM, Roman Martin 10 PM, Tatiana Pieloni 1 PM, Rogelio Tomas 1 PM

• INFN 18 PM: 1 Scientist 6.75 p/m, 1 Senior Scientist 1.8 p/m, 1 Young Scientist 9 p/m, 1 Administrative Personnel 0.01 p/m

• UOXF 5 PM: 1 senior scientist: Prof. A. Seryi

• EPFL 8 PM: 1 scientist

Same as planned Materials None

Other direct costs 74’011 EUR (travel cost only)

None Other direct costs 11’161 EUR at M18


Personnel involved work full time on FCC project

Personnel involved work full time on FCC project

Management procedures and methods Assessment Adequate Planning and tracking Through assessment of focus areas of work and periodic coordination

meetings Steering and decisions Project is steered by periodic general meetings (about once per month) and

additional group or theme meetings which happen weekly Documentation We keep our records/presentation on dedicated FCC Indico, produce

minutes of key meetings and periodically publish papers, e.g. as IPAC proceedings

Risk handling As this is design studies without prototyping, we apply same risk handling approaches as for our normal academic research

Beneficiaries contributions to WP CERN Optics design UNIOXF Optics design STFC/Manchester Machine Detector Interface design INFN Machine Detector Interface design EPFL Beam-beam interaction Beneficiaries integration CERN Leads or co-leads the entire work UNIOXF Build-up on existing long-term connections to efficiently integrate into this work STFC/Manchester Build-up on existing long-term connections to efficiently integrate into this work

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INFN Build-up on existing long-term connections to efficiently integrate into this work EPFL Build-up on existing long-term connections to efficiently integrate into this work News partners beyond initial consortium scope TU, Vienna Optics design for low luminosity interaction region

Expected impact assessment Scientific We expect to design optimal EIR that can provide the needed performance of FCC Technological Indirect, as we do design study, but they will guide technological requirements Economic EIR contributes to the overall economic impact of FCC project once it is built Competitive EIR design work strongly enhance competitiveness of the consortium partners, as

we are working on the best possible future project and while doing this, finding ways to use best scientific techniques, and develop new techniques which did not exist before

Social EIR contributes to the overall societal impact of FCC project once it is built Plans for dissemination Consortium We plan to publish our work in conferences and journals. For example, we

plan to present 11 papers at the IPAC-2017 conference. Directly related science & technology community

Accelerator science and high energy physics

Related sciences IPAC conferences, Phys Rev Accelerators and Beams Governance bodies, opinion makers and decision takers


1. ECFA representative and chair, Pierluigi Campana, (LNF, INFN) 2. Chair of the International Collaboration Board, Leonid Rivkin, EPFL, Switzerland 3. Representative of the Host organisation, Frederick Bordry, Director of Accelerators and Technology, CERN

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4. Representative of the Host organisation, Eckhard Elsen, Director of Research and Scientific Computing 5. Member, Philippe Chomaz (CEA-SACLAY) 6. Member, Andrew James Lankford (UC. Irvine) 7. Member, Eric Colby (US DOE) 8. Member, John Womersley (ESS)

ICFA – International Committee for Future Accelerators The Conceptual Design Report is the input for the European Strategy for Particle Physics update taking place in 2019 and 2020.

Industry Networking events with industry Education CERN school, USPAS, JUAS, UK accelerator institutes Media Detailed information about media material currently being developed can

be found in the recently submitted periodic report. Non-scientific audience





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6. WP4 CRYOGENIC BEAM VACUUM SYSTEM Table 4 WP4 Mid Term Review information

WP 4 CRYOGENIC BEAM VACUUM SYSTEM WP Leader: Francis Perez (ALBA CELLS) WP Deputy: Paolo Chiggiato (CERN) Compliance with workplan:

Minor adjustment

Planned objectives Adjustments Develop a computer model of the beam screen to analyze of heat load and photo electron densities (Task 4.2)


Analyze small samples in order to determine the vacuum stability and adsorption isotherms (Task 4.3)


Analyze small samples with different surface treatment to mitigate the electron cloud effect (Task 4.4)

No adjustments needed, is a continuous work.

Mechanical design of the cryogenic beam vacuum chamber (Task 4.5)


Construct one (1) two meter prototype for the test at the ANKA set-up (Task 4.5)

In order to have a complete set of measurement to gather all required data, it was decided to build three (3) prototypes

Establish set up in the light source ANKA (Task 4.6)

Some extra diagnostics components has to be purchased and the delivery by the companies were delayed


Discoveries of different physics behavior of different materials (Cu, Stainless Steel, Aluminum) depending on the specific surface treatment applied (laser treatment, NEG or C deposition, …)


Some of these surface treatment could develop in some possible application for the industry in other fields. The development of the coating for the beam screen to reduce the impedance can have a big interest for the accelerator community. Decreasing the secondary electron yield thanks to a laser can help the community too.


On schedule




M4.2 Beam screen model 01/06/2016 On schedule

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M4.3 Measurement setup at light source


M4.4 Proposal of coatings to mitigate electron-cloud

effects


D4.1 Analysis of vacuum stability at cryogenic temperature





A PhD position could not be filled

Lack of the appropriate candidate

Spread information through universities and collaborators to find appropriate candidate

Delay on the start of the measurements at the light source ANKA

The COLDEX setup of CERN was not available for the experimental set-up at ANKA

It was decided to design and built a new test set-up.

Resources: Planned Used Personnel 443 PM at M48 104 PM at M18 in PR1

• CERN 26 PM:0.5 PM for coordination, 16.5 PM for technical work

• INFN 39 PM: 1 Senior Scientist 9 p/m, 4 Senior Technicians 7.2 p/m, 2 Young Technicians 3.6 p/m, 2 Young Scientists 19.17 p/m

• ALBA 21 PM: Supervisor: 2.93 pm, Scientist: 2.87 pm, Engineer: 3.16 pm, PhD students: 12.50 pm

• CIEMAT 4 PM: 1.55 pm Coordination and technical management, 1.20 pm Supporting coordination activities, 1.68 pm Mechanical design and testing and materials characterisation

• STFC 13 PM: 3.6 PM Task Co-Ordinator Oleg Malyshev, 2.6 PM Doctor Reza Valizadeh -Material and Surface Scientist, 1.5 PM Adrian Hannah - Vacuum Engineer, 5.7 PM PhD Student - Rita Sirvinskaite

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Materials In the project there were no material resourced planned: 0 € 77’750 EUR of other direct costs: travel costs only

Material resources were provided by CERN: Material setup at ANKA 50 k€ Three prototypes 25 k€ Sample preparations 10 k€ 17’064 EUR of other direct costs at M18


By establishing clear objectives and priorities, fluid communication between partners and regular meetings to review the status and progress.

The resources were used in economic, efficient and effective manner by establishing clear objectives to each member of the collaboration and having regular meeting to asset the work in progress.

Management procedures and methods Assessment Adequate

Planning and tracking The personnel resources were planned to be incorporated into the project

team during the first six month of the project and it was monitored by regular reporting. There were no EC grant for material resources requested. The resources for the test set-up creation (personnel and materials) are matching resources contributed by CERN.

Steering and decisions The project was steered by the leader and deputy, having constant communication via email, telephone calls and meetings. There has been three different kind of meetings: General coordination video-meetings 12 meetings General work package presential meetings 6 meetings Specific meetings many, as required by the different tasks

Documentation The documentation was interchanged through the Indico system of CERN for the meetings and in the EDS repository. Also, when required, via emails attachments.

Risk handling Beneficiaries contributions to WP CERN CERN contributes to the implementation of the vacuum system time-constant

modelling, providing expertise and training. CERN and CIEMAT study and determine beam image current continuity and impedance issues on vacuum engineering and review the buckling safety factor accordingly. CERN manufactures the beam screen prototypes and qualify them in one of its magnet test stands at different beam screen temperatures. CIEMAT will assist CERN with instrumentation, measurements and qualification of the beam screens. CERN delivers to ANKA premises the screen set-up for its installation, together with all required to define and create the machine-setup interfaces

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KIT KIT is responsible for the “beam qualification” of the beam screen prototype supplied by CERN. The goal is to determine synchrotron radiation heat loads and photo electrons generation inside the beam screen prototype. In the ANKA synchrotron ring and exposing the beam screen prototype to significant levels of Synchrotron radiation, comparable to the operation conditions at the hadron collider. ANKA will assist for the installation and integration of COLDEX carried out by CERN and INFN.

INFN INFN Frascati determines vacuum stability and adsorption isotherms at different cryogenic beam screen operating temperature ranges. It will perform complementary studies on beam induced stimulated desorption phenomena by photons, electrons and ions. These studies rely mainly on experimental samples and require beam-screen prototypes supplied by CERN. INFN will commission the experiment at ANKA and will perform the measurements with CERN help and advice.

ALBA ALBA models and computes the cryogenic beam vacuum system, both in static and in time-constant (so called “dynamic”) modes based on the input provided by CERN. The model will include synchrotron radiation effects. In a second stage, ALBA, in close correlation with CERN, evaluates options to implement cryo-photon absorbers and will propose a conceptual design for these absorbers, which are compatible with the accelerator magnet design and accelerator layout.

CIEMAT CIEMAT closely collaborates with CERN on the mechanical design of the cryo-magnet beam screen, ensuring compatibility with fast magnetic transitions and cryogenic cooling concepts. CIEMAT and CERN study and determine beam image current continuity and impedance issues on vacuum engineering and review the buckling safety factor accordingly.

STFC STFC studies different coatings to mitigate beam induced electron cloud and ion instabilities on flat samples and on beam screen prototypes provided by CERN. Compatibility of these coatings with cryogenics temperatures has to be demonstrated, in particular sticking and flaking of coatings after several cool down and warm up cycles.

Beneficiaries integration CERN CERN is integrated in several of the tasks and, in addition, is co-leader of the work

package. In particular, CERN has contributed to the simulations of beam induced vacuum effects together with ALBA, is leading the development of the mechanical design of the vacuum screen chamber in collaboration with CIEMAT, and has developed and constructed the setup installed at the ANKA light source, together with KIT teams. In addition, CERN is coordinating the production of the samples with different surface treatment to mitigate the beam induced vacuum effects developed by STFC.

KIT The installation of the setup at the ANKA light source is the main contribution of KIT. To do so, KIT has integrated its vacuum, alignment and control teams with the team from CERN, CIEMAT and INFN to successfully finalize the installation of the setup.

INFN INFN main contribution is related to the study of vacuum stability, obtaining the samples from STFC, in coordination with CERN. In addition, INFN is integrated in the installation of the ANKA setup and will be responsible of the data acquisition, in close collaboration with KIT’s vacuum and control teams.

ALBA ALBA is leader of the work package, coordinating all the member of the WP team but also, responsible of the coordination with the rest of the WPs, with monthly meetings. In addition, ALBA is responsible of the simulations of beam induced

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vacuum effects in close collaboration with CERN. ALBA personal is spending some months per year at CERN to closely develop the task with CERN’s teams.

CIEMAT CIEMAT is integrated in two of the tasks, the mechanical design of the vacuum screen chamber, and the design and installation of the ANKA setup. For that, CIEMAT has displaced personnel at CERN to jointly work in the tasks.

STFC STFC is responsible of the production of samples with surface treatment to mitigate beam vacuum effects, and it is closely in contact with INFN, CERN and KIT to provide the samples with the right characteristics.

News partners beyond initial consortium scope Micronanics, UK

In order to produce the samples designed by the STFC team and required by INFN and KIT, the contribution of an external company has been required. In particular, Micronanics is performing the laser treatment of the copper surface of the samples provided by CERN.

FMB-Berlin, Germany

In order to produce the vacuum components and diagnostics equipment needed to complete the ANKA setup, the contribution of an external company was needed. In particular, FMB has built the transition vacuum pieces and the diagnostics fluorescents screens installed at ANKA-KIT.

Expected impact assessment Scientific Develop a cryogenic vacuum screen system, included mechanical design and

material and surface specifications for high power accelerators Technological New material treatment methods to alter the surface material properties Economic The new surface treatment technologies have economic potentials beyond particle

accelerator applications. They include for instance automotive, aerospace, machinery, medical applications.

Competitive The achieved work contributes to the raise of the competitiveness of the consortium partners by spreading the know-how on vacuum systems, surface characteristics, and modelling.

Social No quantified Plans for dissemination Consortium • Low secondary electron yield of laser treated surfaces of copper,

aluminium and stainless steel - R. Valizadeh, O.B. Malyshev, S. Wang, T. Sian, L. Gurran & P. Goudket - Proceedings of IPAC2'16, 8-13 May 2016, Busan, Korea (2016), p. 1089.

• Graphene coating for the reduction of the secondary electron yield - T. Sian, Y. Lin, R. Valizadeh, O.B. Malyshev, G. Xia, C. Valles, G. Yu and I. Kinloch - Proceedings of IPAC'16, 8-13 May 2016, Busan, Korea (2016), p. 3688.

• Pumping and electron-stimulated desorption properties of a dual-layer non evaporable getter - O.B. Malyshev, R. Valizadeh and A.N. Hannah - J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 34 (2016), p. 061302.

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Presentation of the Thesis Proposal “Study of beam induced effects in the cryogenic beam vacuum of the Future Circular Collider”, by I. Bellafont, at the university UPC, in Barcelona, Spain.

Related sciences Not yet elaborated Governance bodies, opinion makers and decision takers

EuroCirCol is given as an example of international collaboration in the ALBA Strategic Plan 2017-2020 (to be released).

In several Memorandums to the Spanish Administration, EuroCirCol is given as an example of international collaboration of the Spanish research centres.

The results are discussed in the FCC International Steering Committee and International Advisory Committee (IAC) which is composed by leading staff and directors of international universities, research centres, and funding agencies. IAC members: Akira Yamamoto (KEK), Alban Mosnier (CEA), Andrew Parker (U. Cambridge), Caterina Biscari (ALBA/CELLS), Chris Quigg (FNAL), Gregor Herten (U. Freiburg), Guenther Dissertori (ETH Zurich), Joseph Minervini (MIT), Marc Ross (SLAC), Marcella Diemoz (INFN), Mike Seidel (PSI), Philippe Lebrun (JUAS), Ralph Assmann (DESY), Timothy Watson (ITER), Victor Egorychev (ITEP), Vladimir Shiltsev (FNAL) and Wolfram Fischer (BNL). ISC members:


Industry Meetings has been performed with several companies in order to explain the requirements of the vacuum screen design and the surface treatment.

Education Media EuroCirCol and FCC meetings and conferences are regularly announced

at the ALBA web site. Non-scientific audience

Presentation of the FCC project at the Spanish BBVA seminars, in Madrid, Spain. 15th Sept 2016. M. Benedikt, J.M. Jimenez and F. Perez


Other

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7. WP5 HIGH FIELD MAGNET Table 5 WP5 Mid Term Review information

WP 5 HIGH FIELD ACCELERATOR MAGNET DESIGN WP Leader: Davide Tommasini (CERN) WP Deputy: Fernando TORAL (CIEMAT) Compliance with workplan:

Compliant

Planned objectives Adjustments Explore design options for an accelerator dipole magnet in the range of 16 Tesla


Produce conceptual designs for the most promising options


Develop a calibrated cost model for system optimization studies


Develop a preferred option into a baseline design based on performance merits and cost estimates



The working work package 5 and the associated teams of the FCC umbrella study will lead to a better understanding of the limitations of superconductors for very high field magnet applications. In addition, the in depth study of different designs for 16 T magnets will reveal the limitations imposed on mechanical and electromagnetic performance and will thus produce a fundamental understanding of how to design superconducting magnets at twice of today’s fields strengths.


The cooperation with industrial partners in EU, United States Korea and Russia to produce high performance superconducting wire can have tremendous impact on the quality and cost of research industrial and medical applications of superconductors. Some example includes MRI, NMR, motors, generators, chemistry analysis, and pharmaceutical industries. The novel design of high field superconductive magnets and associated cost models, can lead to significantly improve industrial and medical applications of superconductive magnets, or may lead to entirely new marketing development. These are currently studied in the scope of the FCC umbrella study.


On schedule

Milestones and Deliverables ID Title Due Date Status

D5.1 Overview of magnet design options

01/11/2016 Completed within due date.

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D5.2 Identification of preferred dipole design options and

cost estimates

01/08/2017 On schedule, finalized following the FCC week in Berlin (June 2017).

D5.3 Cost model for dipole magnet

01/09/2018 On schedule, progressing well.

D5.4 Manufacturing folder for reference design dipole

short model

01/04/2019 The start date (01.04.2017) shall be postponed to 01.09.2017 (once the reference design is selected). The

due date remains valid. M5.2 Baseline specifications and

assumptions for accelerator magnet

01/04/2016 Completed within due date.

M5.3 Specifications for conductors and proposed conductor configurations

01/04/2018 Most of this milestone in reality has already been completed, as

described in “EuroCirCol-P2-WP5” Risk materialized Reason Mitigation action Describe what risk materialized



None Resources: Planned Used Personnel 314 PM at M48 102 PM at M18 in PR1

• CERN 13 PM (D. Schoerling, A. Verweij, D. Tommasini, B. Bordini

• TUT 9 PM: one post-doc (T. Salmi) • CEA 24 PM: engineers (C. Lorin,

M. Durante, P. Vedrine, JM Rifflet and M. Segreti)

• INFN 14 PM: 3 senior scientists total 7 PM and 1 young scientist at 7 PM

• UT 7 PM: one PhD • CIEMAT 17 PM: coordination 3

PM, technical work 14 PM • KEK 3 PM: one scientist • UNIGE 15 PM: one post-doc

Materials 82’850 EUR at M48 as other direct costs: 68’850 EUR of travel costs + 14’000 EUR of material and other direct costs

100’130 EUR at M18 of other direct costs

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Management procedures and methods Assessment Adequate

Planning and tracking Steering and decisions At least one general video-meeting every month, with additional meetings

either in person at workshops (FCC week, conferences, EuroCirCol annual meeting) or at the participating institutes. Additional meeting with non-EuroCirCol institutes were also organized to share scientific information. Decisions taken during the general video-meetings.

Documentation The simulation and design files of all the collaborating institutes are kept on the CERN Engineering Data Management System (EDMS) and on the CERN Drawing Directory (CDD).

Risk handling Beneficiaries contributions to WP CERN Overall WP5 coordination, participation to the study of magnet design options, the

cost model, conductor studies and the magnet engineering design. TUT Centralizes and coordinates the work on quench protection. CEA Coordinates the activity on magnet engineering design, participates to the study of

the design option, to the cost model and to the magnet conceptual design. INFN Coordinates the activity on the magnet conceptual design, participates to the study

of the design options and to the quench protection studies. UT Participates to the conductor studies. CIEMAT Coordinates the study of magnet design options, participates to the development of

the cost model and to the magnet conceptual design. Participates to the overall WP5 coordination (deputy WP leader).

UNIGE Participates to the conductor studies. Beneficiaries integration CERN Engaged in tasks 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5, 5.7, leading tasks 5.1, 5.3 and 5.5. TUT Engaged in task 5.6, leading task 5.6. CEA Engaged in tasks 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.7, leading task 5.7. INFN Engaged in tasks 5.2, 5.4, 5.6, leading task 5.4. UT Engaged in task 5.5. CIEMAT Engaged in tasks 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, leading task 5.2. UNIGE Engaged in task 5.5. News partners beyond initial consortium scope None

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Expected impact assessment Scientific For the first time different design options are established on the same basis. A

considerable advancement and maturity has been achieved with respect to past studies in the design of 16 T accelerator magnets.

Technological The large variety of open questions raised when working on the magnet design has motivated an intense technological activity (for example in the characterization of the mechanical properties of the coils and the structure) being performed in the same community participating to the EuroCirCol, though not part of the program.

Economic The magnetic system, and in particular the 16 T magnets, are the single items having the highest impact on the FCC cost.

Competitive The work performed within the WP5 represent the state of the art of accelerator magnets magnet technology.

Social WP5 contributes to the overall societal impact of FCC project once it is built. Plans for dissemination Consortium We plan to publish our work in conferences and journals, in addition to

regular presentations at workshops (the FCC week or the EuroCirCol annual meeting). For example 6 papers directly related to the EuroCirCol WP5 have been published following the ASC-2016 conference, and a similar number is planned for the MT-25 conference in 2017.


Accelerator science and high energy physics

Related sciences Magnet Technology Conference (MT), Applied Superconductivity Conference (ASC), Phys Rev Accelerators and Beams

Governance bodies, opinion makers and decision takers

ICFA – International Committee for Future Accelerators CERN Council European Strategy Group The results are discussed in the FCC International Steering Committee and International Advisory Committee (IAC) which is composed by leading staff and directors of international universities, research centres, and funding agencies. IAC members: Akira Yamamoto (KEK), Alban Mosnier (CEA), Andrew Parker (U. Cambridge), Caterina Biscari (ALBA/CELLS), Chris Quigg (FNAL), Gregor Herten (U. Freiburg), Guenther Dissertori (ETH Zurich), Joseph Minervini (MIT), Marc Ross (SLAC), Marcella Diemoz (INFN), Mike Seidel (PSI), Philippe Lebrun (JUAS), Ralph Assmann (DESY), Timothy Watson (ITER), Victor Egorychev (ITEP), Vladimir Shiltsev (FNAL) and Wolfram Fischer (BNL). ISC members:

1. ECFA representative and chair, Pierluigi Campana, (LNF, INFN) 2. Chair of the International Collaboration Board, Leonid Rivkin, EPFL, Switzerland 3. Representative of the Host organisation, Frederick Bordry, Director of Accelerators and Technology, CERN

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4. Representative of the Host organisation, Eckhard Elsen, Director of Research and Scientific Computing 5. Member, Philippe Chomaz (CEA-SACLAY) 6. Member, Andrew James Lankford (UC. Irvine) 7. Member, Eric Colby (US DOE) 8. Member, John Womersley (ESS)

Industry Networking events with industry Education CERN school, JUAS, UK accelerator institutes Media The production of a short movie on superconducting magnet development

has been launched in May 2017 (Polar Media company). Non-scientific audience

An exhibition has been developed to introduce at the non-scientific audience to the impact potentials of SC magnet development in industry and health care. The exhibition is tested during the FCC Week 2017 in Berlin in the Urania exhibition hall. Feedback buttons on the exhibition panels will permit to see the effectiveness of the exhibition material at the end of the exhibition in order to improve the material which will be part of the travelling exhibition.


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