FCC(-hh) detector design studies

Julia Hrdinka (TU Wien)

On behalf of the FCChh detector study group

Details: see last talks of FCC week

Joint Annual Meeting ÖPG/SSAA 2017

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There are still many open questions in fundamental physics (dark matter, neutrinomasses, matter-anti matter inbalance,…)

How are we going to answer them?

The Future begins now

FCC – Future Circular Collider (ee,hh,eh)International study for post LHC possibilities

➢ FCChh: pp collider at 100 TeV▪ Main challenges: civil engineering & dipole

magnets (16T)Conceptual Design Report by end of 2018 foreuropean strategy update 2019

Possible realisation in Geneva area

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The FCC hadron collider

=> Extremly high pile up and radiation environment

Parameters LHC HL-LHC FCC-hh

Collision energy cms [TeV] 14 14 100

Dipole field [T] 8.33 8.33 16

Circumference [km] 26.7 26.7 97.75

bunch spacing [ns] 25 25 25(5)

Synchr. Rad. Power/ ring [kW] 3.6 7.3 2400

SR power/length [W/m/ap.] 0.17 0.33 28.4

Peak luminosity [1034cm-2s-1] 1 5 30

Events/bunch crossing 27 135 1000(200)

Stored energy/beam[GJ] 0.36 0.7 8.4

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Physics potential➢ Discovery machine

➢ Probe new physics at unprecedentscale▪ SUSY ▪ Dark matter▪ Neutrino mass puzzle

➢ Measure SM properties to fewpercent▪ Portal to new physics through

precision measurements

➢ Precision EWSB & Higgs physics▪ (self) couplings (up to few %) ▪ Study rare behaviour and decays▪ Composite higgs ?

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The FCC-hh reference detectorDetector characteristics for a 100 TeV pp collider➢ physics is highly boosted ➢ absence of clear direction of new physics requires broad scope of detector acceptance Multipurpose detector with large η-acceptance and high granularity

Atlas: 22.5x12.5mCMS: 10.5x7.5m

~24.5m

~9m

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FCChh magnet system studies➢ 4T/10m solenoid

➢ Forward solenoids for high η-acceptance (alternative: dipoles)

➢ 60 MN net force on forward solenoids handled by axial tie rods

➢ No return yoke since since stray field can be handled

➢ Stored energy: 13.8GJ

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Radiation is a major challenge

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Tracker: First IB Layer (2.5cm): ~5-6*1017neq / cm2

External part:~5*1015 neq / cm2

Forward Calorimeter:5 x 1018neq/cm2

Maximum expected fluence~ 100 x HL-LHC~ 1000 x LHC

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➢ Extended tracking up to η=6

➢ b-,c-,τ- tagging capabilities to high η despite huge pile up

➢ High dpT/pT resolution: 10-20%@10TeV/c (LHC 10%@1TeV/c) but keep sensitivity for low pT

➢ Tracker hermeticity

Tracker studies

=> Motivated by CMS Tracker upgrade

For moredetails pleasesee here!

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Tracking performance studies

Assumed 2D sensors with binary readout➢ 20% resolution @ 10TeV/c and η=2.5 ➢ From η~3 dpT/pT loss of lever arm➢ Max 45% loss at η>2.5 due to Bfield non-

uniformities

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@FCC-hh: 1000 vertices➢ Local Primary vertex density extremely high Enhance tracker by timing resolution Still very difficult to distinguish for η>4

@CMS : 78 vertices

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Electromagnetic calorimeter➢ Extreme radiation requirements

➢ High energy & angular resolution

➢ Good linearity of response

Liquid Argon-lead ▪ ECal + HCal endcaps + forward endcaps▪ Inspired by ATLAS 2-4 x finer granularity

( e.g. Barrel :∆φ×∆η=0.01× =0.01)▪ Simulation meets requirement of

σE/E=10%/√E⊕0.7% on e־ resolution (w/o noise, pile-up)

Other Calorimeter options studied: please see: 1,210

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Scintillator Tile – Steel:

▪ Currently in ATLAS

4x higher granularity∆φ×∆η=0.025×0.025

▪ stainless steel absorber

▪ SiPM readout

faster, less noice, less space

▪ FCChh pion resolution: σE/E=43%/√E⊕2.7%

Hadronic calorimeter studies➢ Highly collimated final states => High granularity➢ 20-30 TeV jets at η = 0 => Containment ≥ 11 λ

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Single pion resolution

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Calorimeter performance studies

Geant4 Hits Energy in Calorimeter Cells

➢ EM shower included in 30#X0

➢ Electronic noise & pile up not included in simualtion yet

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Options

1. Tracker only + identification in muon system

2. Muon system only (measuring muon angle at exit)

3. Combined + position where it exits the coil

The Muon Chambers

@50μm x 70μrad resolution➢ Excellent standalone & combined

pT -resolution @η=0No technological show stopper

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Trigger & DAQ studies

2. Are Hardware triggersE.g. ATLAS(multilevel) & CMS (single level)➢ Which detector needs and can provide trigger➢ Trigger data bandwidth requirements➢ Trigger performance

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1. Continous readoutE.g. HL-LHC LHCb➢ Substantial processing farm & power requirements➢ Radiation hard link capacity➢ Needs cooling

=> more material: worse tracker performance

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➢ Challenging but managable environment to exploit full physicspotential

➢ Reference detector has been established based on experience fromrunning LHC experiments

➢ Ongoing detector performance studies to optimize detector design

➢ Details can be seen in Conceptual Design Report by the end of nextyear

Summary & Outlook

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Back up

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1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence rate for 30ab-1

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Tracker Details

➢ Optimized granularity ofmodules to reasonablysolve pattern recognitionin very high occupancyenvironment

➢ Extreme radiationenvironments for Pixels modules (beyond currenttechnology limit)

Sensors from new R&D

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Silicon sensor R&D ongoingRequirements➢ High hit-rate

capability➢ High radiation

tolerance➢ Minimal power➢ Cheaper (cover

large area)➢ Light➢ Incerased

granularity➢ Pattern

recognition and identification at large backgroundand pile-up levels

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How to get in 10ps timing range with Si detectors?

Exploit „in-silicon“ charge amplification➢ In Geiger-mode fashion (like in gas RPC)

➢ Low Gain Avalanche Detecors (linear mode)▪ Separate ‚collection‘ of charge from gain

Timing information in Si detectors

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Application to answer performance questions:

Performance studies

Details: see backup 21

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Extract from LHC experiments where posibble and invest newsolutions when necessary

➢ Gaudi serves as event processing framework (LHCb, ATLAS)

➢ Flexible Event Data Model PODIO (ILC, LHCb)

➢ One common source geometry input for all different simulation types & reconstruction (automatic transcripts)▪ Detector Description: DD4hep (ILC)

➢ Geant4 serves as common simulation Kernel for full, fast, parametric (Delphes, PAPAS) simulation types

➢ Track package ACTS (ATLAS)

➢ Physics analysis can be run standalone: HEPPY (CMS)

➢ DIRAC (LHCb,ILC)

Have infrastructure for physics studies and analysis

The Software

Please find more informationand tutorials here!

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Starting point: ATLAS track reconstructionsoftware

➢ Requires substantial updates to algorithmiccode

➢ Adapt to new developments in computinghardware (concurrency)

➢ Long-term maintainance of the software

➢ a-common-tracking-swhttps://gitlab.cern.ch/acts/a-common-tracking-sw▪ Core package – contains base components of

tracking code▪ Framework and experiment independent▪ Minimal dependencies: Eigen, Boost▪ Modular – users can extend with their

implementations▪ Plugins for experiment specific parts

Track Reconstruction

Find our homepage:http://acts.web.cern.ch/ACTS/index.phpSubsribe to our mailing lists: acts-users@cern.chWeekly Meetingshttps://indico.cern.ch/category/7968/

Very challenging environment of ~1000 collision per bunch crossing Profit from

▪ current well tested & high performant (1010

events with 103 tracks/event) LHC track reconstruction software

▪ current R&D and development ongoing forHL-LHC (pile up: 140-200)

𝝁 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

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Calorimeter full simulation

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Ecal+Hcal response & reconstruction

Ecal + Hcal Response & Energy Reconstruction➢ Pion showers of < 10GeV deposit less than

40% in ECal

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Energy resolution for single pions E+HCal

➢ Both detectors calibrated on e-

➢ 10-15% energy are lost incryostats of LAr

➢ linearity:▪ correction procedures for energy

losses in front and between the calorimeters developed

➢ resolution:▪ further improvement expected

using weighting schemes to correct non-compensation

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Full calorimeter material scan

▪ Ecal thickness: 30 #X0

▪ E+Hcal thickness~11# λ▪ ~ 1.5 # X0 in front Ecal▪ ~ 2# λ in front of Hcal▪ Good eta coverage

➢ dip in # λ at eta=1.7 requires optimization27

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1. Si/Pb High granularity option▪ Used in Phase II upgrade CMS

▪ Worse stochastic term but radiation hard up to 1016 neq for100-300μm thick Si

2. Si/W CMOS with digital readout▪ Counts number of particles

in a shower rather thanenergy deposited

▪ Low material budget, lownoise

Electromagnetic Calorimeter alternatives

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Scintillator Tile-Steel/Brass High granularity:

▪ Calice type, CMS Phase II upgrade

▪ Integrated SiPM readout

▪ Combined with ECAL

▪ Granularity used for pile up rejection

Hadronic Calorimeter alternative

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Trigger & DAQ performance

Extrapolation of Trigger performance from HL-LHC CMS▪ L1 Trigger with 1MHz readout rate

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