fasting blood glucose test

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Fasting Blood Glucose Test

A primer on what it's used for and how it's done

The fasting blood glucose test is the test most commonly used to diagnose diabetes. It measures blood glucose levels

after a period of fasting, usually at least eight hours without food or liquid (except water). This test is more

definitive than a random test, because there is no chance that it has been influenced by recent food intake.

If your fasting blood glucose level is greater than !" mg#d$ in two separate tests, then the diagnosis of diabetes is

made.What it's used for

This test is used to measure your level of fasting blood glucose to diagnose diabetes.Preparation

%on&t eat or drink anything but water for eight hours before the test is scheduled. 'ost of the time, this means

having the test done in the morning, before breakfast.How it's done

small amount of blood is collected either from a finger or from a vein. The blood is then analyed and you will be

informed of the results.Follow-up

If the first level is above !" mg#d$, the fasting blood glucose test will be done again (for example, the next day) to

confirm a diagnosis of diabetes. value between ** and !" mg#d$ indicates pre+diabetes. omeone with a result

in this range should be followed closely, with follow+up testing.Risks

There are no risks to this test.

-all your doctor if you have any questions about what the test means.Additional information

asting blood glucose less than ** mg#d$ is normal.

Food and Blood Glucose e!els

"nce #ou understand how #our $od# reacts to food% #ou can make $etter choices to help #ou manage #our

dia$etes&

The food you eat directly impacts blood glucose levels. In order to create a meal plan that works best for you/one

that helps you stay within your target range and eat the foods you like/you should be aware of how the foods you

eat change your blood glucose level. 0eep in mind1


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• ar$oh#drates( 2e aware of how many carbs you are eating (the food label can help)

• Portion si)e( 3ow much of an item you eat (serving or portion sie) can make a difference in how many

calories, carbohydrates and other nutrients you intake. or example, one serving of apple may not raise your blood

glucose too high, but two servings of apple might be more than your limit of carbohydrates.

• Time of da#( 4hen you eat also impacts how your blood glucose responds. 5ou may find it helpful to eat

meals and snacks at close to the same time each day (and eat foods with similar amounts of nutrients), as a strategy

to help your blood glucose stay in range.

• Be!erages( %on&t forget to include any 6uice, soda, alcoholic beverage or milk in your total

calorie#carbohydrate count, and be aware that beverages can impact your blood glucose 6ust like food.

• *nacks( 4hether it&s a handful of grapes, nuts or a cookie, don&t forget to keep track of your snacks during

the day, so you&ll know/if you&re testing/if those foods increase your blood glucose levels, too.

+onitoring means information

7ne way to get immediate feedback on the impact of food is to monitor your blood glucose. 3ow often you test willdepend on1

• The schedule you&ve set with your health care team

• 5our level of control

• 5our medication (or therapy type)

• 3ow much your blood glucose fluctuates during the day.

2lood glucose testing around meals and snacks can give you and your health care team information to keep your blood glucose levels in range, and help you feel your best.

• Before a meal( Testing before each meal can help you decide what and how much to eat and, in some

cases, how to ad6ust your medication. typical blood glucose level target before a meal is * mg#d$.

• Two hours after a meal( 2y monitoring your blood glucose to see the impact of what you ate on your

blood glucose, test two hours after you start your meal. The results will help you know whether what you ate had too

many carbs and if you should eat less or eat differently the next time. Two hours after a meal, a typical target blood

glucose level is below 8* mg#d$.

What are some wa#s #ou might use monitoring,

2e sure to discuss patterns with your health care team and explore opportunities for improving your blood glucose

control. or example, if your blood glucose is highest after breakfast, consider testing before and after breakfast

until you and your doctor come up with satisfying menu options that don&t raise your blood glucose. 7nce you&ve

mastered breakfast, reduce testing around that meal, and focus on another time of day (or event) you may find

challenging. 7r if you are trying a new food, consider testing before and two hours after eating to determine whether

to add the item to your meal plan.

http1##www.onetouch.com#articles#fasting+blood+glucose+test

http://www.onetouch.com/articles/fasting-blood-glucose-testhttp://www.onetouch.com/articles/fasting-blood-glucose-test


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http1##www.onetouch.com#articles#food+and+blood+glucose+levels9cat:8

Blood Glucose +onitoring

Blood glucose monitoring is a way of testing the concentration of glucose in the blood

(glycemia). ;articularly important in the care of diabetes mellitus, a blood glucose test is performed by

piercing the skin (typically, on the finger) to draw blood, then applying the blood to a chemically active

disposable &test+strip&. %ifferent manufacturers use different technology, but most systems measure an

electrical characteristic, and use this to determine the glucose level in the blood. The test is usually

referred to as capillary blood glucose and sometimes incorrectly called 2' tix (after one of the

companies that makes the test kit).

3ealthcare professionals advise patients with diabetes on the appropriate monitoring regime for their

condition. 'ost people with Type ! diabetes test at least once per day. %iabetics who use insulin (all Type

diabetes and many Type !s) usually test their blood sugar more often (< to * times per day), both to

assess the effectiveness of their prior insulin dose and to help determine their next insulin dose.

Improved technology for measuring blood glucose is rapidly changing the standards of care for alldiabetic people.

2lood glucose monitoring reveals individual patterns of blood glucose changes, and helps in the planning

of meals, activities, and at what time of day to take medications.

http://www.onetouch.com/articles/food-and-blood-glucose-levels?cat=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabeteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabeteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabeteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabeteshttp://www.onetouch.com/articles/food-and-blood-glucose-levels?cat=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycemiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabeteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabeteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes


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• a disposable glucose sensor placed 6ust under the skin, which is worn for a few days until

replacement

• a link from the sensor to a non+implanted transmitter which communicates to a radio receiver

• an electronic receiver worn like a pager (or insulin pump) that displays glucose levels with nearly

continuous updates, as well as monitors rising and falling trends.

-ontinuous glucose monitors measure the glucose level of interstitial fluid. hortcomings of -A'

systems due to this fact are1

• continuous systems must be calibrated with a traditional blood glucose measurement (using

current technology) and therefore require both the -A' system and occasional BfingerstickB

• glucose levels in interstitial fluid lag behind blood glucose values

;atients therefore require traditional fingerstick measurements for calibration (typically twice per day)

and are often advised to use fingerstick measurements to confirm hypo+ or hyperglycemia before taking

corrective action.

The lag time discussed above has been reported to be about " minutes. necdotally, some users of the

various systems report lag times of up to *C" minutes. This lag time is insignificant when blood sugar

levels are relatively consistent. 3owever, blood sugar levels, when changing rapidly, may read in the

normal range on a -A' system while in reality the patient is already experiencing symptoms of an out+

of+range blood glucose value and may require treatment. ;atients using -A' are therefore advised toconsider both the absolute value of the blood glucose level given by the system as well as any trend in the

blood glucose levels. or example, a patient using -A' with a blood glucose of ** mg#dl on their -A'

system might take no action if their blood glucose has been consistent for several readings, while a patient

with the same blood glucose level but whose blood glucose has been dropping steeply in a short period of

time might be advised to perform a fingerstick test to check for hypoglycemia.

-ontinuous monitoring allows examination of how the blood glucose level reacts to insulin, exercise,

food, and other factors. The additional data can be useful for setting correct insulin dosing ratios for food

intake and correction of hyperglycemia. 'onitoring during periods when blood glucose levels are not

typically checked (e.g. overnight) can help to identify problems in insulin dosing (such as basal levels forinsulin pump users or long+acting insulin levels for patients taking in6ections). 'onitors may also be

equipped with alarms to alert patients of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia so that a patient can take

corrective action(s) (after fingerstick testing, if necessary) even in cases where they do not feel symptoms

of either condition. 4hile the technology has its limitations, studies have demonstrated that patients with

continuous sensors experience less hyperglycemia and also reduce their glycosylated hemoglobin levels.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylated_hemoglobinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylated_hemoglobin


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-urrently, continuous blood glucose monitoring is not automatically covered by health insurance in the

Dnited tates in the same way that most other diabetic supplies are covered (e.g. standard glucose testing

supplies, insulin, and even insulin pumps). 3owever, an increasing number of insurance companies do

cover continuous glucose monitoring supplies (both the receiver and disposable sensors) on a case+by+

case basis if the patient and doctor show a specific need. The lack of insurance coverage is exacerbated by

the fact that disposable sensors must be frequently replaced. ome sensors have been D.. ood and %rug

dministration (%) approved for E+ and


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In !*< a microelectronic sensor chip was presented, by which glucose concentrations are determined

from the viscosity of a sensoric liquid. The viscosity is modulated by glucose through the binding

to concanavalin , which competes with that to a natural glucose polymer being dextran. The chip is

fabricated as a microelectromechanical system ('J') from a combined-'7#2i-'7 technology.

Kiscosity is determined from the velocity of "* nm thin beam of titanium nitride that is bent in a quasi+

electrostatic mode. Its movement through the sensoric liquid is fast or slow depending on glucose level.

The sensor chip is extremely miniaturied and thus offers the perspective for a convenient implantable

glucose monitor.

http1##en.wikipedia.org#wiki#2loodLglucoseLmonitoring

Muestions

.) 'r.;atient N 88 years old was a diabetic patient which of the following instrument will he use to

measure his glucose level that can be easily be teach to the client as a nurse what will you teach to the

client9

a. -2A

b.2A

c.3emodialysis

!.4hat type of test is used in diagnosing diabetic patients 9

a.2A

b.-2-

c.2A

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concanavalin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concanavalin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concanavalin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_glucose_monitoringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concanavalin_Ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_nitridehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_glucose_monitoring


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b.no

c.maybe

*.-2A can detect if you are9

a.low blood glucose level

b.high blood glucose level

c.both a and b

d.none of this

@ationale(answers)

. 2. 2A

It is the test usually been done in diabetic patients

!. 2A

It is the test usuallybeen done in diabetic patients


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this is usually been done in monitoring Alucose $evel

". -. check i.d tag

5ou should check the i.d tag of the patient if she is the right client who will undergone this type of test

F.. -A'(-ontinous Alucose 'onitoring)

this is the test that was been done in monitoring continuously the concentration of glucose level

E.2. in6ect insulin (tuberculin syringe)

this is independent nursing procedure so that the glucose level of the client will decreased

. -.wait two to three hours and do th procedure

To make sure that the food that was eaten is digested before doing the procedure

H. yes

Jven the people that can afford to buy this instrument can do this dependently on their own

*. -. 2oth a and b

-2A monitoring can detect if you are low glucose level or high glucose level in your body

fasting blood glucose test

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