fast rescue system for car accidents_new
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTED BY
ALEX V JOSEPH
PRATHEESH P.R
RONY THOMAS
SUDHISH P.S
VYSHAK R KUZHIVELIL
FAST RESCUE SYSTEM FOR CAR
ACCIDENTS
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“ This is our humble suggestion
to reduce death rate due to car accidents ”
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INTRODUCTION
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TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ARE ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF FATALITIES IN INDIA
ACCIDENTS IN INDIA IS THREE TIMES HIGHER THAN THAT OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS FOR 1000 VEHICLES IN INDIA IS AS HIGH AS 35
80% OF ROAD ACCIDENTS ARE CAUSED HUMAN ERROR
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WHAT WE THOUGHT
TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS CAN BE REDUCED BYSTRICT RULES
SCIENTIFIC DESIGN OF ROADS
ALONG WITH THEM WE HAVE TO REDUCE THE DEATH RATE
IN OUR PROJECT WE ARE CONCENTRATING TO REDUCE THE DEATH RATE
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DEATH RATE IS MORE. WHY?
DEPTH OF ACCIDENT
RESPONSE TIME
LACK OF ADVANCED LIFE SAVING MEASURES
IMPROPER FIRST AID
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RESPONSE TIME
AN IMPORTANT INDICATOR OF SURVIVAL RATES AFTER AN ACCIDENT IS THE TIME BETWEEN THE ACCIDENT AND WHEN EMERGENCY MEDICAL PERSONNEL ARE DISPATCHED TO THE SCENE.
EACH MINUTE THAT AN INJURED CRASH VICTIM DOES NOT RECEIVE EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE CAN MAKE A LARGE DIFFERENCE IN THEIR SURVIVAL RATE
REDUCE THE TIME BETWEEN WHEN AN ACCIDENT OCCURS AND WHEN FIRST RESPONDERS, SUCH AS MEDICAL PERSONNEL, ARE DISPATCHED TO THE SCENE OF THE ACCIDENT.
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OUR OBJECTIVES
REDUCE THE RESPONSE TIME BY
IMMEDIATE LOCATIONING OF ACCIDENTS
INFORMING NEARBY MEDICAL PERSONALS
MAKE THE SYSTEM COST EFFECTIVE
MAKE A CENTRALIZED SYSTEM
PERFORM SMART CAR FEATURESATVT
DRUNKEN DRIVE INDICATOR
FIRE ACCIDENT PREVENTION
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SYSTEM OVERVIEW
FOR EFFECTIVE ACCIDENT LOCATIONING WE USE GPS.
FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION WE PREFER GSM
MEMS CAN BE USED TO DETECT CRASH
ATVT SYSTEM IS OUR SUGGESTION AND WE ARE IMPLEMENTING A PROTOTYPE
FOR OTHER OBJECTIVES WE PREFER CORRESPONDING SENSOR MODULES
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SYSTEM DESIGNPROPOSED SYSTEM
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BLOCK DIAGRAM&
DISCRIPTION
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ARM
ALCOHOL SENSOR
ACCELEROMETER
LIGHT INTENSITY SENSOR
SENSING UNIT
ATVT SWITCH
DCU
GPS MODULE
GSM MODEMTEMPERATURE
SENSOR
LCD
NEXT
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ACCELEROMETER(ADXL335)
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GENERAL VIEW
IT’S AN ANOLOG DEVICES PRODUCT
3 AXIS SENSING
SMALL,LOW POWER
MOTION,TILT SENSING FEATURES
WHY WE CHOSE IT?ANALOG
CHEAPER COMPARED TO DIGITAL (MMA 7660)
SINGLE POWER SUPPLY
EXCELLENT TEMPERATURE STABILITY
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FIXE
D B
EA
MLO
WER
FIXE
D B
EA
MU
PPER
MO
VA
BLE
BEA
M
WORKING
X
X/2
X/2-∆X
ACCELERATION
X/2
X/2+∆X
C2 C1
C = ε A dC1=C2= C0= ε A X/2C1 = ε A = C0- ∆C X/2+ ∆XC2 = ε A = C0+∆C X/2- ∆X
C1-C2=-+ ∆CC1+C2= 2C0
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AT ZERO ACCELERATION C1=C2
(Vx + V0)C1 + (Vx-V0)C2 = 0
Vx= ∆X/ C0
IF ACCELERATION INCREASED C2 INCREASES
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HOW IT IS USED?
TWO TYPES OF ACCELERATION
STATIC ACCLERATION
DYNAMIC ACCELERATION
STATIC ACCELERATION-MEASURE OF TILT
THE TILT OF MEMS IS THE TILT OF VEHICLE
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TECHNICAL DETAILS
ADXL 335 WITH
BREAKOUT BOARD
SINGLE SUPPLY
3 ANALOGUE OUTPUT
3.2 V OPERATION
SELF TEST
BACK
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ALCOHOL SENSOR( MQ-303A )
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GENERAL VIEW
A HANWEI ELECTRONICS PRODUCT
MQ 303A IS A GAS SENSOR
CAN BE USED FOR ALCOHOL DETECTION
TIN DIOXIDE BASED SEMICONDUCTOR
WHY WE CHOSE IT ?
HIGH SENSITIVITY
COMPACTABLE SIZE
LOW POWER CONSUMPTION
AFFORDABLE PRICE
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WORKING
SENSING MATERIAL IS AN OXIDE OF TRANSITION METALS
A HEATING ELEMENT IS USED TO REGULATE THE SENSOR TEMPERATURE
GAS SIMPLY “ADSORBS” ONTO THE SENSOR SURFACE
A PAIR OF BIASED ELECTRODES ARE IMBEDDED
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HOW IT IS USED?
IT GIVES A FULL O/P AT 200ppm OF ETHANOL
THE O/P VOLTAGE EQUAL TO THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE
AT THIS STAGE
SENSITIVITY 25mV / 1ppm
GENERAL EQN FOR CONCENTRATION
CONCENTRATION( ppm )= (O/P VOLT)/25mV
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TECHNICHAL DETAILS
TIN DIOXIDE SENSOR
BEAD TYPE SENSOR
CONSISTS OF A HEATER
NON EXPLOSIVE STEEL MESH
3 ELECTRODES
BACK
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TEMPERATURE SENSOR(LM35)
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GENERAL VIEW
NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCT
3 PIN ANALOGUE IC
HIGH PRECISION
WHY WE CHOSE IT ?
ACCURATE
LONG LIFE.
HIGHER O/P
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WORKING
IT WORKS UNDER THE PRINCIPLE OF BAND GAP REFERANCE
WHEN TWO TRANSISTERS OFCONSTANT COLLECTOR CURRENT
DIFFERENT EMITTER AREA
ARE CONSIDERED,THE DIFFRENCE IN THEIR BASE EMITTER VOLTAGE
IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE TEMPERATURE
THE DIFFRENCE IS LINEAR
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HOW IT IS USED?
THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE IS CONVERTED TO TEMPERATURE BY A SIMPLE CONVERSION FACTOR.
THE SENSOR HAS A SENSITIVITY OF 10MV / OC.
USE A CONVERSION FACTOR THAT IS THE RECIPROCAL, THAT IS 100 OC/V.
THE GENERAL EQUATION USED TO CONVERT OUTPUT VOLTAGE TO TEMPERATURE IS:
TEMPERATURE ( OC) = VOUT * (100 OC/V)
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TECHNICAL DETAILS
PIN DISCRIPTION1.VCC
2.OUTPUT
3.GND
OPERATING VOLTAGE4-30V
SENSITIVITY10mV/10C
BACK
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ATVT SYSTEM
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WHAT WE THOUGHT?
IN CASE OF A THEFT ,THERE ARE NO WAY TO KNOW WHERE THE CAR IS *(ORDINARY CARS)
ORDINARY CARS POSSESS ONLY AN ALARM WHICH CAN BE EASILY DEACTIVATE
SO SECURITY OF A CAR IS MOST IMPORTANT
WE PROPOSE A PROTOTYPE TO IMPLEMENT AN ANTI THEFT VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM
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WHAT WE HAVE DONE ?
FOR THIS PROTOTYPE WE CHECK A SWITCH WHICH HAS TO BE PRESSED BEFORE IGNITION
ACTUALLY A SWITCH POSESS OUTPUTS HIGH OR LOW
THE SWITCH- IT CANBE A FINGER PRINT MODULE OR FACE RECOGNIZING SYSTEM WHICH POSSESS A HIGH FOR MATCH & A LOW FOR UNMATCH
TO MAKE OUR PROJECT COST EFFECTIVE WE DONE IT WITH A SWITCH
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WORKING
WHEN THE KEY IS NOT PRESSED AND THE ENGINE STARTED THE ROUTE THROUGH WHICH THE CAR TRAVELS IS MESSAGED TO STORED NUMBER
SO TRACKING OF VEHICLE IS EASY
WE CAN FIND THE PATH WITH A MAPPING SOFTWARE
IF THE KEY IS PRESSED NORMAL OPERATION TAKES PLACE
BACK
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LCD(016M002B)
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GENERAL VIEW
CRISTALONICS PRODUCT
16*2, 5*7 DISPLAY
ALPHANUMERIC LCD
WHY WE CHOSE IT
FAST,1/16 DUTY CYCLE
COST EFFECTIVE
INTERFACING IS SIMPLE
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PIN DIAGRAM
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GSM
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GENERAL VIEW
IT IS A CELLULAR NETWORK
DEVOLOPED BY EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ETSI)
DIGITAL, CIRCUIT SWITCHED NETWORK OPTIMIZED FOR FULL DUPLEX VOICE TELEPHONY
WHY WE CHOSE ITGLOBALY USED
TEXTUAL PROTOCOL
IMPROVES SYSTEM RELIABILITY
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DETAILED VIEW
IT IS A DIGITAL MOBILE TELEPHONY SYSTEM
GSM USES A VARIATION OF TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA)
MAIN PROCESS ARE
DIGITALIZATION
COMPRESSION
TRANSMISSION
FREQUENCY BAND- 900-1800MHZ
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HOW TO USE IT?
COMMUNICATION IS DONE BY OBEYING ITS PROTOCOL
ALL GSM MODEM OBEY A TEXTUAL PROTOCAL – THE
AT-COMMANDS
EVERY COMMAND STARTS WITH AT
THERE ARE SOME EXTENDED COMMANDS FOR GSM
BASIC COMMANDS ARE THOSE WITHOUT ‘+’ ,WHERE EXTENDED COMMANDS WILL HAVE A ‘+’
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AT COMMANDS
THERE WILL BE AN AT COMMAND CORRESPONDS TO EVERY OPERATION.
IF WE SEND THE COMMAND ‘AT’ THE MODEM SENDS BACK ‘OK’ OR ‘ERROR’ ACCORDING TO IT’S STATUS.
“AT+CGMI” GIVES THE MANUFACTURES NAME OF THE MODEM
“AT+CGSN” GIVES THE IMEI NUMBER OF HANDSET
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HOW TO CONFIGURE THE MODEM?
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HOW TO SEND AN SMS ?
AT+CMGS=“917403953396"<CR> ACCIDENT
DETECTED. <CTRL+Z>
OR
AT+CMGW=“917403953396"<CR> ACCIDENT
DETECTED. <CTRL+Z>
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TECHNICHAL DETAILS
GSM/GPRS MODEM
SIM 900/1800 COMPATABLE
RS 232 OUTPUT
PUSH IN SIM SLOT
EXTERNAL ANTENA
RATING 12V/1A
BACK
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G P S
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GPS - Global Positioning System
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What Is GPS & how it works?
The GPS (Global Positioning System) is a "constellation" of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location.
21 GPS satellites are in orbit at 11000 miles above the Earth. The satellites are spaced so that from any point on Earth, four or more satellites will be above the horizon.
The monitor stations track the navigation signals and send their data back to the master control station.
The master control station determine any adjustments or updates to the navigation signals needed to maintain precise navigation
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How GPS Works*All satellites have atomic clocks set to exactly the
same time.
*All satellites know their exact position in space from data sent to them from the systems controllers.
*Each satellite transmits its position and a time signal into earth periodically.
*The signals travel to the receiver delayed only by distance traveled.
*The receiver calculates the distance to each satellite and trilaterates its own position.
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Satellite Orientation
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Segments of GPS
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How GPS find location*“By knowing your distance from at least 3 points of
known-position, you can determine your own position.”
*The GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is.
*Velocity x Time = Distance
*Radio waves travel at the speed of light, roughly 186,000 miles per second (mps)
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How GPS find location*If it took 0.06 seconds to receive a signal transmitted
by a satellite floating directly overhead, use this formula to find your distance from the satellite.
*186,000 mps x 0.06 seconds = 11,160 miles
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Signal From One Satellite
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Signals From Two Satellites
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Three Satellites (2D Positioning)
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Three Dimensional (3D) Positioning
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Sources of GPS ErrorSource Amount of Error
Satellite clocks: 1.5 to 3.6 meters Orbital errors: < 1 meter Ionosphere: 5.0 to 7.0 meters Troposphere: 0.5 to 0.7 meters Receiver noise: 0.3 to 1.5 meters Multipath: 0.6 to 1.2 meters Selective Availability variable User error: Up to a kilometer or more
*S/A was designed to prevent America’s enemies from using GPS against them. In May 2000 the Pentagon reduced S/A to zero meters error. S/A could be reactivated at any time by the Pentagon.
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Atomic clock*GPS satellites use Atomic Clocks for accuracy, but because of the expense, most GPS receivers do not.
*The dashed lines show the actual intersection point, and the gray bands indicate the area of uncertainty.
*The solid lines indicate where the GPS receiver "thinks" the spheres are located. Because of errors in the receiver's internal clock, these spheres do not intersect at one point.
*The GPS receiver must change the size of the spheres until the intersection point is determined. The relative size of each sphere has already been calculated, so if the size of one sphere is changed, the other spheres must be adjusted by exactly the same amount.
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Differential CorrectionDifferential correction is a technique that greatly increases the accuracy of the collected GPS data. It involves using a receiver at a known location - the "base station“- and comparing that data with GPS positions collected from unknown locations with "roving receivers."
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Applications
AgricultureSurveyMappingPositioningMiningAerospacenavigation
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ARM 7 TDMIWHAT WE NEEDED
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62
WHAT IS ARM?
AN ARCHITECTURE.
ADVANCED RISC MACHINE.
FIRST RISC MICROPROCESSOR FOR COMMERCIAL USE.
MARKET-LEADER FOR LOW-POWER AND COST-SENSITIVE EMBEDDED APPLICATIONS.
ARM DOES NOT FABRICATE SILICON ITSELF, ONLY PROVIDES LICENSE FOR PRODUCTION.
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63
ARM7 TDMI CORE
TDMI
T: THUMB, 16-BIT COMPRESSED INSTRUCTION SET
D: ON-CHIP DEBUG SUPPORT, ENABLING THE PROCESSOR TO HALT IN RESPONSE TO A DEBUG REQUEST
M: ENHANCED MULTIPLIER, YIELD A FULL 64-BIT RESULT, HIGH PERFORMANCE
I: EMBEDDED ICE HARDWARE (IN-CIRCUIT EMULATOR)
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ARM ARCHITECTURE
32 BIT RISC*PROCESSOR.
HIGH CODE DENSITY.( LESS MEMORY)
HARDWARE DEBUG TECHNOLOGY.
LOAD STORE ARCHITECTURE.
INLINE BARREL SHIFTER.
THUMB 16 BIT INSTRUCTION SET
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ORTHOGONAL INSTRUCTION SET
LARGE 16 X 32 REGISTER FILE.
FIXED OP CODE WIDTH OF 32 BITS TO EASE DECODING AND PIPELINING.
POWERFUL INDEXED ADDRESSING MODES.
INTERRUPT SUBSYSTEM WITH SWITCHED REGISTER BANKS.
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ARM – SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHHIGH PERFORMANCELOW PRICEVERY LOW POWER CONSUMPTIONGOOD DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
WEAKNESSLACK OF DSP OPERATIONS
OPPORTUNITYMOBILE COMPUTING TRENDCOMING OF POST-PC AGE
THREATNOTHING AT NOW
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CORE SPECIFICATIONS
8 TO 40 KB-STATIC RAM AND 32 TO 512 KB-FLASH
ISP/IAP VIA ON-CHIP BOOT-LOADER SOFTWARE
USB 2.0 FULL SPEED COMPLIANT
TWO 32-BIT TIMERS/EXTERNAL EVENT COUNTERS
60 MHZ MAXIMUM CPU CLOCK AVAILABLE FROM PROGRAMMABLE ON-CHIP PLL WITH SETTLING TIME OF 100 ΜS
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PIPELINE ORGANIZATION
3-STAGE PIPELINE: FETCH – DECODE - EXECUTE
THREE-CYCLE LATENCY, ONE INSTRUCTION PER CYCLE THROUGHPUT
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cycle
Fetch Decode Execute
Fetch Decode Execute
Fetch Decode Execute
instruction
t t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4
i
i+1
i+2
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OPERATING MODES
SEVEN OPERATING MODES:
USER
PRIVILEGED:
SYSTEM (VERSION 4 AND ABOVE)
FIQ
IRQ
ABORT
UNDEFINED
SUPERVISOR 69
EXCEPTION MODES
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USER MODE
NORMAL PROGRAM EXECUTION MODE
SYSTEM RESOURCES UNAVAILABLE
MODE CHANGED
BY EXCEPTION ONLY
EXCEPTION MODES
ENTERED
UPON EXCEPTION
FULL ACCESS
TO SYSTEM RESOURCES
MODE CHANGED FREELY
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ARM REGISTERS
31 GENERAL-PURPOSE 32-BIT REGISTERS
16 VISIBLE, R0 – R15
OTHERS SPEED UP THE EXCEPTION PROCESS
HARDWARE
R14 – LINK REGISTER (LR):
OPTIONALLY HOLDS RETURN ADDRESS
FOR BRANCH INSTRUCTIONS
R15 – PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
SOFTWARE
R13 - STACK POINTER (SP)
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REGISTER ARRANGEMENT
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R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13R14R15 (PC)
CPSR
System & UserR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7_fiqR8_fiqR9_fiqR10_fiqR11_fiqR12_fiqR13_fiqR14_fiqR15 (PC)
CPSRSPSR_fiq
FIQR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_irqR14_irqR15 (PC)
CPSRSPSR_irq
IRQR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_svcR14_svcR15 (PC)
CPSRSPSR_svc
SupervisorR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_abtR14_abtR15 (PC)
CPSRSPSR_abt
AbortR0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7R8R9R10R11R12R13_undR14_undR15 (PC)
CPSRSPSR_und
Undefined
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UARTs
TWO UARTS
16 BYTE TX, RX FIFOS
INBUILT BAUD RATE GENERATOR FOR BOTH UARTS
COVERING WIDE RANGE OF BAUD RATES WITHOUT A NEED FOR EXTERNAL CRYSTALS OF PARTICULAR VALUES.
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UART0 RECEIVER BUFFER REGISTER
THE U0RBR IS THE TOP OF THE UART0 RX FIFO. THE TOP BYTE OF THE RX FIFO CONTAINS THE OLDEST CHARACTER RECEIVED AND CAN BE READ VIA THE BUS INTERFACE. THE LSB (BIT 0) REPRESENTS THE OLDEST RECEIVED DATA BIT. IF THE CHARACTER RECEIVED IS LESS THAN 8 BIT THE UNUSED MSBS ARE PADS WITH ZERO.
UART0 TRANSMIT HOLDING REGISTER
THE U0THR IS THE TOP OF THE UART0 TX FIFO. THE TOP BYTE IS THE NEWEST CHARACTER IN THE TX FIFO AND CAN BE WRITTEN VIA THE BUS INTERFACE. THE LSB REPRESENTS THE FIRST BIT TO TRANSMIT.
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ADCs
ADCR REGISTER (32 BIT)
A/D CONTROL REGISTER.
THE ADCR REGISTER MUST BE WRITTEN TO SELECT THE OPERATING MODE BEFORE A/D CONVERSION CAN OCCUR.
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SEL - WHICH CHANNEL SHOULD BE USED (0..7)
CLKDIV - A VALUE TO DIVIDE PCLK BY TO DETERMINE WHICH SPEED THE A/D CONVERTER SHOULD OPERATE AT (UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 4.5MHZ)
CLKS - HOW PRECISE THE CONVERSION RESULTS SHOULD BE (BETWEEN 3 AND 10 BITS)
PDN - WHETHER THE A/D CONVERTER IS CURRENTLY ACTIVE (1) OR SLEEPING (0)
THE 32-BIT ANALOG/DIGITAL CONTROL REGISTER HAS THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:
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FUNCTION
- EDGE START - PDN - CLKS BURST CLKDIV SEL
ADCR BIT(S)
31..28 27 26..24 23.22 21 20 19..17 16 15..8 7..0
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PIN DIAGRAM
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SOFTWARE DEVOLEPMENTFLOW CHART
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START
CHECK ATVT SWITCH
MONITOR ACCELEROMETER
STATUS
READ GPS DATA
READ THE MOBILE NUMBER
SEND DETAILS VIA GSM
CHECK ALCOHOL CONTENT
IGNITION OFF
CHECK TEMPERATURE
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HARDWARE DISCRIPTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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COST ESTIMATECOMPONENTS MODEL PRICE
ARM PROCESSOR LPC2148 850
LEARNING KIT LPC2148 LK 8000
GSM MODULE 2800
GPS MODULE 3200
ALCOHOL SENSOR MQ303A 280
TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35 30
ACCELEROMETER ADXL335 680
15840
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ADVANTAGES
REDUCTION OF DEATH RATE
LOW COST,CAN IMPLEMENT EASILY
SENSORS MAY MEASURE FORCES CLOSER TO THOSE EXPERIENCED BY VICTIMS
UPGRADE TO A SMART CAR STANDARD
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DISADVANTAGES
CONSUME A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF BATTERY POWER.
THERE ARE LOCATIONS WITHOUT GSM COVERAGE
LESS RELIABLE TO FIRE ACCIDENTS
NEED OF A CENTRALIZED SYSTEM REQUIRES MORE EMPLOYEES
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FUTURE SCOPES
A CENTRALIZED MONITORING STATION TO
DETERMINE THE LOCATION
CHOOSE THE EASIEST PATH
DETERMINE NEARBY HOSPITALS
INFORM NEARBY MEDICAL PERSONALS
INFORM RESCUE SERVICES
REGISTER THE ACCIDENT CASE FOR FUTURE ANALYSIS
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INTRODUCTION OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM
MAKE THE ATVT SYSTEM MORE RELIABLE
TRANSMSSION OF DRIVERS IMAGE GIVES IDEA ABOUT THE DEPTH OF ACCIDENT
A SMART CAR STANDARD
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LET US CONCLUDE….
THE SYSTEM DESIGNED CAN BE USED TO REDUCE DEATH RATE
IT GIVES A SMART CAR STANDARD TO ORDINARI CARS
F.R.S IS VERY COST EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE
IT GIVES A NEW FACE TO OUR TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT
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Questions ???
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thanks