faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keaman obat bahan alam
DESCRIPTION
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Keaman Obat Bahan Alam. Safety. Medical opinion : it is impossible any medicine to have effects without side effects If herbs are claimed to be free from side effects they are probably no effective either. Patients believe that herbs are safe - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi
Keaman Obat Bahan Alam
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Safety
Medical opinion : it is impossible any medicine to have effects without side effects
If herbs are claimed to be free from side effects they are probably no effective either
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Patients believe that herbs are safe Many herbalists emphasize the same
point They refer to the most established
remedies by millions of people since prehistory
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Faktor Keamanan
Endogenus Eksogenous
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Sumber
EndogenousIndex terapi sempit; Digitalis Datura stramonium (50 mg), Atropa belladona ( herba 50 mg,
radix 30 mg)
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CURCUMIN
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Curcumin is a major component of food flavouring turmeric and has been used as a herbal medicine.
Curcumin shows a variety of physiological and pharmacological effects, and several studies indicate curcumin to be anticarcinogenic and antiinflammatory
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Acceptable daily intake (ADI) for curcumin is
1–3 mg/kg body weight, based on the no observed effect (NOE) level of 250–320 mg/kg body weight per day in the multi generation study in rats and the application of a safety factor of 100
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LICORICEGlycyrrhiza glabra
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penggunaan
Perasa dalam produk rokok Perasa dalam permen Farmakologi:
Antivirus Pengobatan kanker Obat gangguan GI Anti inflamasi Obat diabetes
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Dosis: 2-15 gr untuk ulcer dan gastritisdosis yang lebih tinggi dapat menyebabkan hiperkalemia
NOAEL : 2 mg/ kg hariADI : o,2 mg/ kg BB
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STEVIAStevia rebaudiana
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Kegunaan : Pemanis (Stevio glikosida) pengganti gula pada
penderita diabetes
ADI : 4 mg/ kgBB
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Safe
EUROPEAN HERBAL INFUSIONS ASSOCIATION
Inventory list of Herbals considered as Food
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Endogenous
Alkaloid : pirrolizidine hepatotoxic Glikosida sianida Asam aristolosat
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Cyanide
Many common plants contain the natural form of cyanide, cyanic glucoside. Its presence may be the product of evolution, as it deters animals and insects from consuming the entire plant.
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are of special
interest currently because several of them have been shown to cause toxic reactions in humans, primarily veno-occlusive liver disease, when ingested with foods or herbal medicines. Comfrey, a well-known medicinal herb characterized by U.S. FDA researchers as having been "one of the most popular herb teas in the world," contains PAs that are capable of causing liver damage
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Aristolochic acid
Aristolochic acids are a family of carcinogenic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic
compounds commonly found in the Aristolochiaceae family, including Aristolochia and Asarum, which are commonly used in Chinese herbal medicine Aristolochic acid I is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost
all Aristolochia species Aristolochic acids are often accompanied by aristolactam
NO2
OHO
O
O
OCH3
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Exogenous
Cemaran Saat kultivasi ; kimia, biologi Proses produksi, transportasi,
penyimpanan
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Interaksi
Herbal-herbalHerbal-modernHerbal-makanan
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Tugas KHI
Pembuatan makalah ilmiah Tema tentang efikasi dan keamanan
obat herbal Tugas terlampir
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Terima kasih