FACS Unit 2:

Individual and Family Relationships

Self-Concept

2.2

• How you feel about yourself

• Influences the way others see you, too!

• Can be positive or negative.

Characteristics of Positive Self-Concept

• Respectful (of self and others)

• Reliability

• Responsible

• Self-control

2.2

Characteristics of Positive Self-Concept

• Goal-oriented

• Avoids blaming others for mistakes

• Resolves conflicts in a positive manner

• Takes care of themselves

Characteristics of Negative Self-Concept

• Have self doubt/negative attitude• Easily persuaded by peer pressure• Doesn’t take care of health• Has poor relationships skills• Feels that the world is against them• Feels that there is no hope for

improvement

2.2

Effects of Self-Concept on Health

• Negative self-concept has negative impact– Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart

disease, high blood pressure can be linked to poor self esteem and stress

– May also lead to depression

2.2

Effects of Self-Concept on Health

• Positive self-concept has positive impact– People who feel good about themselves are

more likely to take care of their bodies.– People with a good self concept are less

likely to engage in activities that risk personal health

2.2

Improving Self-Concept

• What things can a person do to improve his or her self-concept?

Individual Life Cycle

• Infancy Birth-2• Early Childhood 2-6 • Middle Childhood 6-12• Adolescence 12-20 • Early Adulthood 20-40 • Middle Adulthood 40-65 • Late Adulthood/End of Life 65+

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Infancy: – Birth – 2 Years– Grow 10-12 inches and triple body weight

1st year.– Learning to develop attachments, trust,

etc.– Period of most rapid growth.

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Early Childhood: – 2 – 6 Years– Physical development progresses steadily.

• Middle Childhood: – 6 – 12 Years– Physical development is steady and slow.

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Adolescence: – On set of puberty occurs due to complex set

of hormonal changes. – Girls reach sexual maturity as early as age

12 1/2 while boys achieve it later.

2.3

Emotional And Social Changes During Adolescence

• Hormonal changes– feelings of restlessness and irritability– mood swings

• Peer pressure• Dating and romantic relationships • Struggle for independence

– begins to resent adult interference– conflict with parent/authority figures

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Changes of Adolescence for Girls: – breasts enlarge– waistline narrows– hair appears on legs, underarms, and pubic

area– fat deposits on hips, thighs, and arms– oil and sweat glands more active– reproductive system matures and

menstruation occurs

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Changes during Adolescence for Boys:– neck thickens and shoulders broaden– muscles increase in size and strength– voice deepens– hair appears on face– reproductive system and sex organs

increase in size; sperm production begins– A growth spurt usually occurs a year or more

before puberty begins

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Early Adulthood: – The brain reaches a stable size and weight. – A person has more muscle tissue, more

calcium in the bones and a more efficient immune system.

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Middle Adulthood: – Brain size diminishes somewhat.– A loss of reproductive capacity occurs

(menopause for women). – Bone mass declines significantly beginning

at age 30 – Lens of the eye start to thicken which

reduces vision. – Hearing loss may occur.

2.3

Changes of Individual Life Cycle

• Late Adulthood – 65+

2.3

Infancy

Early Childhood

Late Adulthood

Middle Childhood

Early Adulthood

Adolescence

Habits That Affect Personal Health

• Find balance for emotional, social and physical health.

• Positive forces that can enhance your health– Exercise– Positive stress management– Sufficient sleep– Good Nutrition (

http://www.mypyramid.gov/index.html )

2.4

Habits That Affect Personal Health

• Negatives behaviors can endanger your personal health– Communicable disease / STDs – Violence– Eating Disorders / Poor Nutrition– Suicide– Poor stress management– Inactivity– Substance Abuse

2.4

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Tobacco– nicotine--addictive drug– cancer causing– creates physical stress

2.10

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Tobacco (con’t)– secondhand smoke

• 6 times highway pollution in crowded room

• can be connected to SIDS

• upper respiratory infections, ear infections in children

2.10

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Alcohol– destroys brain cells--brain is smaller in

drinkers than non-drinkers

– excessive use of alcohol can cause serious damage to nearly every part of your body

– teens are more susceptible to alcohol addiction than any other age group

2.10

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Alcohol (con’t)– movement, speech, vision and good judgment

are all altered when consuming alcohol

– becomes dangerous when mixed with other drugs

– contributes to social problems

– FAS/FAE (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effect)

2.10

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Inhalants– dangerous substances with fumes

– sniffed to produce a mind-altering high

– includes glue, hair spray, nail polish, spray paints, magic markers, white out

2.10

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Effects of Inhalants– dizziness

– loss of coordination

– memory loss

– death

2.10

Effects of Harmful Substances

• Drugs– cause serious harm and even death– cause deformities,dependency, and death in

babies of users– contributing factors in accidents

2.10

• Just Say No Power Point

Stress

Journal:“If you had to define stress, it would not be far off if you said it was the process of living. The process of living is the process of having stress imposed on you and reacting to it.” List 5 things that are stressful to you and why.

1-100 DICE

Object of the Game• To be the first to write the numbers 1 to

100

1-100 DICE

• Items needed:– 2 6-sided dice – 1 piece of paper – 1 pen

1-100 DICE

DIRECTIONS• Have everyone stand around the table in a circle

and begin by rolling the dice. When someone rolls doubles they grab the pen and paper and begin writing next to their name the numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc. all the way to 100. When someone else rolls doubles they ask for the paper and pen and begin their own list of numbers next to their name. The paper and pen pass around the circle until someone wins by reaching 100.

1-100 DICE

EXAMPLE• Player one rolls doubles and begins

writing next to their name: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 while player two rolls, player three rolls, player four rolls two sixes (doubles) and grabs the paper and next to their name writes 1 2 3 4 5 but player five rolled doubles and takes the paper and writes 1 2, etc.

Stress

• physical or psychological tension and physical or psychological tension and strain.strain.

State Symptoms of Stress

• Sweaty hands• Headaches• Tightness in shoulders or neck• Feeling overly tired or inability to sleep• Feeling overwhelmed• Loss of or sudden increase in appetite

2.5

Positive Coping Methods

• Tips to reduce stress– Think positively– Choose what problems you want to deal with

and let the others go– Learn to be more accepting– Be open to other points of view– Learn relaxation techniques– Exercise or engage in physical activity– Find a hobby

2.5

Positive Coping Methods

You are a school athlete. Your grades are falling and the coach has warned you that if you do not improve your grades, that you will be kicked off the team. Besides this, your father has been ill and has been unable to work. You have been working part-time after school and weekends to help your parents pay the bills. You are in drama class and you have to learn your part for the upcoming play. You are president of your school club and you have many upcoming events that you need to organize.

How do you cope?

2.5

REMEMBER!!!

“ stressed” is just “desserts” spelled backwards

Assignment: Stress Reduction Plan

• Identify 5 stressors (sources of stress) in your life.

• Identify possible ways to manage or reduce stress from each of the stressors.

2.5

Peer Pressure

• From Friends– Source of stress– Affects Self Esteem – You may be manipulated to serve purpose of

peers – Should influence choice of friends

• From You– Try to convince friends to act differently– Affects personal standards and morals

2.11

Dealing With Peer Pressure

• Plan ahead for actions of negative peer pressure.

• Be positive about choices.• Make choices based on your own values.• Stand up for what you believe in; say

“NO”• Suggest alternatives

2.11

Coping With Peer Pressure Positively

• What would you do if:– your friends wanted you to sneak out of your

house and meet them at midnight?– Try a drug?– Try shop lifting?– Steal a copy of a test?– Drive faster than the speed limit?– Go to someone’s house for a “party” when

their parents are gone?

2.11

Test Review

Unit 2, Part 1

Types of relationships

• Family

• Friendships

• Spouse

• Child

• Acquaintance

• Fiancé

• Neighbor

• Others?

2.6

Reasons for Establishing Meaningful Relationships

• Benefits:– meet emotional and social needs– companionship– skills for getting along with others– a feeling of acceptance and approval– feeling of security– help for coping with life changes

2.6

Ways to Build and Maintain Positive Relationships

• develop respect and trust within relationships

• show genuine interest in others

• avoid stereotyping and prejudice

• strive to resolve conflicts positively

2.6

Ways to Build and Maintain Positive Relationships

• be trustworthy• be understanding• be generous and unselfish • be considerate and respectful• be positive• be flexible

2.6

Communication

• Sending and receiving of messages through words and gestures

• Clarity is critical – Prevents misunderstandings

2.7

Communication

• Verbal communication– expressing ideas to others by using oral or

written words • examples: speech, writing, Braile, email

• Nonverbal communications– expressing ideas to others through body

language• example: facial expressions, posture

2.7

Communication

• Verbal messages:– consider the goal– state ideas in clear and concise voice– avoid speaking for others– match tone with message– use language understood by the receiver– avoid negative communication

• ex. Bragging, teasing, offensive language, slang words

2.7

Communication

• Nonverbal– maintain eye contact– avoid negative body language– respect personal space– maintain a well-groomed appearance

• ex. Take frequent showers, shampoo, and wear clean clothes

– exhibit effective body language• ex. Good posture, attentiveness

2.7

Effects of communication on relationships

• Gossip– hurtful and destroys relationships– can be a barrier to friendship– may cause breakdown in family relationships– ruin reputations– cause depression and anxiety

2.7

Effects of communication on relationships

• Gossip– promote poor self worth– may cause others to question the integrity of

the person who gossips– Ask these questions: Is it the truth? Is it

fair? Is it necessary to tell? If no--KEEP QUIET.

2.7

Positive ways to resolve conflicts

• Steps in Conflict Resolution– Define the problem– Suggest a solution– Evaluate the solution– Compromise– Brainstorm– Mediate

2.8

State positive ways to resolve conflicts, cont.

• Learn to Negotiate– Compromise--coming to an agreement in

which each person gives up something in order to get what they both want.

2.8

State positive ways to resolve conflicts, cont.

• Guidelines for negotiation:– Choose appropriate time and place– Be open-minded and flexible– Accept responsibility for your role in the

conflict– Work together to find a positive solution– Don’t give up – Seek help

2.8

Student Goal:Framework 2.9

Name the types of family structures and

match types with components of each.

Types of Family Structures

• Nuclear Family– This consists of a mother, father, and one or

more children born to them.

2.9

Types of Family Structures

• Single parent family– One parent raising one or more children.

Types of Family Structure

• Blended Family– Formed when two people marry and at

least one already has children.

Types of Family Structures

Extended FamilyAnother relative such as a grandparent or aunt, lives with the family.

Types of Family Structures

• Adoptive Family– Parents legally adopt a child not born to

them.

Types of Family Structures

• Foster Family– Includes a child not related to the family but

cared for by them as a family member.

2.9

The Value of Dating

• To learn social skills• To have fun• To learn how to give and take in a

relationship• To learn to recognize the impact their

words and actions can have on the lives of other people

2.12

The Value of Dating

• To learn about the opposite sex• To abandon sex-based stereotypes (that

not all women are like a man’s mother or sisters, etc.)

• All lessons learned through dating help people prepare for marriage

• To learn what type of person you want as a marriage partner

2.12

Dating: Appropriate Behavior

• Manners and Etiquette– show respect– respect others privacy– ask permission to use others possessions– let people know where you are

2.12

Dating: Appropriate Behavior

• Manners and Etiquette– arrive home when agreed– make guests in your home feel welcome– when going to someone’s home, arrive on

time– when at someone’s home, help keep neat– use correct table manners

2.12

Etiquette Quiz

• What should you do?

– Who do you introduce first, your mother or your girlfriend?

– You are at a buffet with 10 of your friends. You were first in line and you have your food. Should you start eating or wait?

2.12

Etiquette Quiz

• What should you do?– You have 3 forks and 2 spoons. Which one do

you use first?

– You need to blow your nose, is it alright to do it at the table?

– You are seated with guest at the dinner table and one of your friends call you on your cell phone, should you take the call or what?

2.12

Etiquette Quiz

• What should you do?

– You are seated with guest at the dinner table and one of your friends calls you on your cell phone, should you take the call or what?

2.12

Relationship Occupations

• Marriage counselor• Minister• Rabbi• Psychologist• Psychotherapist• Lawyer• Divorce court judge

2.13

Relationship Occupations – Traits Required

• Good listener• Empathic• Dependable• Trustworthy• Doesn’t gossip• Caring

2.13

Test Review

Unit 2, Part 2