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FAA Inspectors FAA Inspectors and FAAST and FAAST Managers Managers TrainingTrainingMODULE 2Scenario-Based Training (SBT)

03/16/09 Draft 1.0 SL-1-FIFMT-2



ObjectivesObjectives

• Upon completing this lesson:– You will understand the difference

between maneuver-based and scenario-based training as well as the advantage of using SBT

– You will be able to develop scenarios for training and evaluation

– You will understand what a scenario is and what it is not

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OverviewOverview

• Understanding SBT• Guidance and Instruction in SBT• Steps in developing SBT• Scenario Development

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Scenario-Based TrainingScenario-Based Training

• SBT is a training system (teaching and learning method) that uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address flight-evaluation in an operational environment.

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Scenario vs. Maneuver-Based Scenario vs. Maneuver-Based TrainingTraining• Maneuver-based training teaches

applicants tasks.• Scenario-based training teaches

applicants to solve problems and complete tasks encountered before, during, and after the flight.

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Example – Ground ReferenceExample – Ground Reference

• Ground reference maneuvers:– having the applicant fly “S” turns across a

road or fly a rectangular pattern around a field.

• Often evaluated by observing the applicant fly the traffic pattern.

• The traffic pattern is in context (it is how the applicant will frequently use the ground reference skill).

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NoteNote

• If the applicant is experiencing trouble flying a proper traffic pattern, the instructor can take the applicant to a practice area and do ground reference maneuvers.

• Explain that the ground reference maneuvers are a technique for developing the necessary skills.

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Can ground reference Can ground reference maneuvers be practiced maneuvers be practiced within a scenario?within a scenario?

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Practice ExercisePractice Exercise

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With a partnerWith a partner

• Pick a common ground reference maneuver and set up the circumstances surrounding a flight that a applicant could practice the maneuver and develop the necessary flight skills.

• For example the applicant wants to show a friend a stand of trees where they are going hunting that afternoon.

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Is there more to scenarios?Is there more to scenarios?

• For a basic scenario – no– In the example, the applicant is given

a maneuver and a reason for doing it

• For scenario-based training – yes– Additional steps are needed

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Scenario DevelopmentScenario Development

• Scenarios are used in instruction and in evaluation

• For SBT to be effective, it must have a purpose and consequences

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The SBT Teaching MethodThe SBT Teaching Method

• Uses a problem as the learning activity– Get the applicant to solve a problem or

task– Have the applicant reflect:

• on how the problem was solved (the problem solving process)

• what additional knowledge is needed to solve the problem

• other ways the problem could have been solved and possible solutions

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SBT Teaching Method (cont.)SBT Teaching Method (cont.)

• Uses a problem as the learning activity (cont.)– Have the applicant re-solve the

problem– Have the applicant assess which

solution was best (first or second)– Have the applicant discuss “best”

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SBT Teaching Method (cont.)SBT Teaching Method (cont.)

• SBT engages the applicant:– in the learning process, – produces better learning, and – provides opportunities to practice

judgment/decision-making

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Five steps in developing SBTFive steps in developing SBT

– Determine the objectives and goals (desired outcomes)

– Determine the content including:• theories, concepts, and issues

– Develop the learning activities (problems)– Develop assessments– Adjust the objectives, desired outcomes,

content, learning activities, and assessments as necessary to achieve goals

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Every flight must have:Every flight must have:

• Purpose• Scenario destination(s)• Desired outcomes• Clearly stated pilot performance

levels

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Format of LessonsFormat of Lessons

• Heading• Scenario• Lesson Objectives• Pre-Briefing• Completion Standards

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Format of Lessons (cont.)Format of Lessons (cont.)

• Desired Outcome Grading Sheet• Debriefing• Notes to the instructor

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• Pick a flight lesson and develop a lesson plan.

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In your lesson plan, when In your lesson plan, when does the applicant practice does the applicant practice judgment?judgment?• Pre-flight briefing?• During the flight?• Post-flight debriefing?

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SBT Development ResourcesSBT Development Resources

• Generic CFI course:– http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/tr

aining/fits/training/generic/media/cfi.pdf

• Course developers guide:– http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/tr

aining/fits/training/flight_instructor/media/Volume1.pdf

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How are training and How are training and evaluation scenarios evaluation scenarios different?different?• The evaluation scenario provides

– the evaluator opportunities to observe the applicant make judgments and decisions

– rather than learning opportunities for the applicant.

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Evaluation ScenariosEvaluation Scenarios

• The PTS requires the examiner to evaluate the applicant's ability to use good aeronautical decision making (ADM) procedures in mitigating risks.

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Evaluation Scenarios (cont.)Evaluation Scenarios (cont.)

• The examiner shall develop a written plan of action that integrates “scenarios” that incorporate as many TASKs as possible:– to evaluate the applicant's ability to

make safe aeronautical decisions– FAA-S-8081-4D, p. 12.

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Why Scenarios?Why Scenarios?

• Scenarios present decision-making opportunities in a real-world context.– It is a more effective approach way to

evaluate ADM

• The scenarios should be realistic and derived from real world experience– include common or critical malfunctions

particular to the aircraft

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• Pick an evaluation and develop a plan of action.

• Consider the following:– Does your plan of action include

“trigger” events that will require the applicant to make decisions.

– If the applicant decides to divert, can the check ride be completed?

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Evaluation Scenario Evaluation Scenario ResourcesResources• Inspector’s Guide

– http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/training/fits/training/generic/media/inspector.pdf

– Example Scenario begins on page 12.

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ReviewReview

• Understanding SBT• Guidance and Instruction in SBT• Steps in developing SBT• Scenario Development

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ObjectivesObjectives

• Upon completing this lesson:– You will understand the difference

between maneuver-based and scenario-based training as well as the advantage of using SBT

– You will be able to develop scenarios for training and evaluation

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FAA Inspectors FAA Inspectors and FAAST and FAAST Managers Managers TrainingTrainingMODULE 2Scenario-Based Training (SBT)

The End

03/10/09 Rev. 1.0 SL-33-FIFMT-2

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