Learning in School and Learning Outside of School

4 Main Differences:

Learning in School Learning Outside of School

1. Individual Thought Social Thought

2. Mental Activity Use of Tools

3. Symbols Real Things

4. General/Broad Studies Situation-Specific

(Norton &Wiburg, 2008, p30)

A View of Intelligence

• Gardner’s 7 Intelligences – linguistic, musical, spatial, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal

• Goleman’s 8th Intelligence - emotional8 Criteria for Intelligences

1. Potential Isolation 2. Existence of Prodigies

3. Evolutionary History/Plausibility 4. Support from Experimental Psychological Tasks

5. Support from Psychometric Findings 6. Identifiable Core Operation

7. Distinctive Developmental History & Set of Expert “End-State” Performances

8. Susceptibility to Encoding in a Symbol System

(Norton &Wiburg, 2008, p28-29)

A View of Intelligence Cont’d

• Of particular interest is the 8th criterion –susceptibility to encoding in a symbol system

– Almost all human communication takes place via symbol systems

• Multiple Intelligences serve as tool for thinking about the potentials of a learner

• Students learn, remember, perform, and understand in different

(Norton &Wiburg, 2008, p 31)