f app 180325 p216-274 - spudspace.spu.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/5600/10/f_appexdix_p216-274.pdf22...

APPENDIX

217

APPENDIX - A

25 categories of related operators to logistics service providers

1 Shipping & Freight Forwarding Companies / Agents

2 Customs Clearance Brokers / Companies

3 Container – ICD, Off-Dock CY, CFS, SCT, Haulage, Repairing, etc

4 Trucking Transportation Service

5 Logistics / Transportation / Distribution

Miscellaneous:

6 Airlines

7 Associations

8 Couriers & Messengers

9 Cross Border Transportation (Laos / Cambodia / Myanmar / Malaysia)

10 Household, Office or Machinery Removals; Personal Effects; Exhibition

11 I.T. (Information Technology) for Transportation / Logistics

12 Institutes & Schools in Transportation

13 Insurance – Marine or other; Cargo Insurance

14 Lawyer service, marine

15 Liquid, Powder, Gas and Chemical tankers, Storage and Transport

16 Packing-Crating, Wooden Box Makers

17 Ports, Harbors, and Wharfs including Cargo Terminals

18 Railway Transport Management

19 Refrigerated Trucking Transportation

20 Ship Chandlers; Ship’s Store Suppliers; Ship Repairing

21 Ship Sales, Purchase

22 Stevedore Contractors, including Lighters & Other River / Canal Transports

23 Surveyors – Marine or general

24 Tankers – Oil, Fuel or Gas

25 Warehouses, Bonded Depot & Cold Storages

Source: Transport annual guidebook (2015-2016) (Index, p. 21)

218

APPENDIX - B

LPI ranking and scores of THE WORLD BANK (2012)

Country LPI LPI Custo Infra- Int’l Logistic Trackin Timelin Country LPI LPI Custo Infra- Int’l Logistic Trackin Timelin

Rank

Score

structure

shipment

competence

Tracing Rank

Score

structure

shipment

competence

Tracing

Singapore 1 4.1 4.10 4.15 3.99 4.07 4.07 4.39 Ecuador 79 2.7 2.36 2.62 2.86 2.65 2.58 3.42 Hong Kong, 2 4.1 3.97 4.12 4.18 4.08 4.09 4.28 Bahamas, The 80 2.7 2.69 2.77 2.72 2.69 2.65 2.99

Finland 3 4.0 3.98 4.12 3.85 4.14 4.14 4.10 Sri Lanka 81 2.7 2.58 2.50 3.00 2.80 2.65 2.90 Germany 4 4.0 3.87 4.26 3.67 4.09 4.05 4.32 Costa Rica 82 2.7 2.47 2.60 2.85 2.53 2.81 3.19

Netherlands 5 4.0 3.85 4.15 3.86 4.05 4.12 4.15 Cote d’Ivoire 83 2.7 2.31 2.31 2.90 2.73 2.69 3.36 Denmark 6 4.0 3.93 4.07 3.70 4.14 4.10 4.21 Madagascar 84 2.7 2.80 2.40 2.40 2.80 2.80 3.13 Belgium 7 3.9 3.85 4.12 3.73 3.98 4.05 4.20 Dominican 85 2.7 2.53 2.61 2.83 2.74 2.49 2.97

Japan 8 3.9 3.72 4.11 3.61 3.97 4.03 4.21 Kazakhstan 86 2.6 2.58 2.60 2.67 2.75 2.83 2.73 United States 9 3.9 3.67 4.14 3.56 3.96 4.11 4.21 Niger 87 2.6 2.67 2.45 2.91 2.49 2.49 3.07

United 10 3.9 3.73 3.95 3.63 3.93 4.00 4.19 Tanzania 88 2.6 2.17 2.41 2.91 2.64 2.77 2.97 Austria 11 3.8 3.77 4.05 3.71 4.10 3.97 3.79 Namibia 89 2.6 2.73 2.72 2.49 2.65 2.85 2.52 France 12 3.8 3.64 3.96 3.73 3.82 3.97 4.02 Bolivia 90 2.6 2.40 2.39 2.60 2.58 2.73 2.95

Sweden 13 3.8 3.68 4.13 3.39 3.90 3.82 4.26 Belarus 91 2.6 2.24 2.78 2.58 2.65 2.58 2.87 Canada 14 3.8 3.58 3.99 3.55 3.85 3.86 4.31 Syrian Arab 92 2.6 2.33 2.54 2.62 2.48 2.35 3.26

Luxembourg 15 3.8 3.54 3.79 3.70 3.82 3.91 4.19 El Salvador 93 2.6 2.28 2.46 2.57 2.60 2.60 3.08 Switzerland 16 3.8 3.88 3.98 3.46 3.71 3.83 4.01 Guinea-Bissau 94 2.6 2.39 2.68 2.61 2.58 2.58 2.74 United Arab 17 3.7 3.61 3.84 3.59 3.74 3.81 4.10 Russian 95 2.5 2.04 2.45 2.59 2.65 2.76 3.02

Australia 18 3.7 3.60 3.83 3.40 3.75 3.79 4.05 Lebanon 96 2.5 2.21 2.41 2.71 2.38 2.61 3.11 Taiwan 19 3.7 3.42 3.77 3.58 3.68 3.72 4.10 Togo 97 2.5 2.29 2.46 3.13 2.29 2.46 2.77

Spain 20 3.7 3.40 3.74 3.68 3.69 3.67 4.02 C.A.R. 98 2.5 2.45 2.09 2.33 2.70 2.48 3.33 Korea, Rep. 21 3.7 3.42 3.74 3.67 3.65 3.68 4.02 Macedonia, FYR 99 2.5 2.24 2.60 2.66 2.66 2.41 2.79

Norway 22 3.6 3.46 3.86 3.49 3.57 3.67 4.09 Armenia 10 2.5 2.27 2.38 2.65 2.40 2.57 3.07 South Africa 23 3.6 3.35 3.79 3.50 3.56 3.83 4.03 Cambodia 10 2.5 2.30 2.20 2.61 2.50 2.77 2.95

Italy 24 3.6 3.34 3.74 3.53 3.65 3.73 4.05 Jordan 10 2.5 2.27 2.48 2.88 2.17 2.55 2.92 Ireland 25 3.5 3.40 3.35 3.40 3.54 3.65 3.77 Zimbabwe 10 2.5 2.31 2.20 2.67 2.27 2.50 3.27 China 26 3.5 3.25 3.61 3.46 3.47 3.52 3.80 Maldives 10 2.5 2.24 2.47 2.47 2.68 2.43 2.96

Turkey 27 3.5 3.16 3.62 3.38 3.52 3.54 3.87 Honduras 10 2.5 2.39 2.35 2.70 2.44 2.35 2.90 Portugal 28 3.5 3.19 3.42 3.43 3.48 3.60 3.88 Cameroon 10 2.5 2.37 2.24 2.37 2.41 2.55 3.19 Malaysia 29 3.4 3.28 3.43 3.40 3.45 3.54 3.86 Bhutan 10 2.5 2.29 2.29 2.61 2.42 2.56 2.90 Poland 30 3.4 3.30 3.10 3.47 3.30 3.32 4.04 Ghana 10 2.5 2.33 2.05 2.81 2.68 2.31 2.76

New Zealand 31 3.4 3.47 3.42 3.27 3.25 3.58 3.55 Lao PDR 10 2.5 2.38 2.40 2.40 2.49 2.49 2.82 Iceland 32 3.3 3.53 3.39 3.01 3.47 3.39 3.62 Senegal 11 2.4 2.46 2.31 2.72 2.55 2.10 2.74 Qatar 33 3.3 3.12 3.23 2.88 3.25 3.50 4.00 Venezuela, RB 11 2.4 2.10 2.17 2.54 2.33 2.57 3.18

Slovenia 34 3.2 3.05 3.24 3.34 3.25 3.20 3.60 Iran, Islamic 11 2.4 2.19 2.42 2.49 2.66 2.49 2.66 Cyprus 35 3.2 3.02 3.17 3.21 3.17 3.36 3.54 Paraguay 11 2.4 2.36 2.41 2.31 2.49 2.59 2.74

Bulgaria 36 3.2 2.97 3.20 3.25 3.10 3.16 3.56 São Tomé and 11 2.4 2.33 2.24 2.33 2.42 2.78 2.78 Saudi Arabia 37 3.1 2.79 3.22 3.10 2.99 3.21 3.76 Guinea 11 2.4 2.42 2.34 2.67 2.59 2.33 2.50

Thailand 38 3.1 2.96 3.08 3.21 2.98 3.18 3.63 Azerbaijan 11 2.4 1.92 2.42 2.43 2.14 2.75 3.23 Chile 39 3.1 3.11 3.18 3.06 3.00 3.22 3.47 Uzbekistan 11 2.4 2.25 2.25 2.38 2.39 2.53 2.96

Hungary 40 3.1 2.82 3.14 2.99 3.18 3.52 3.41 Gambia, The 11 2.4 2.29 1.90 2.63 2.55 2.80 2.55 Tunisia 41 3.1 3.12 2.88 2.88 3.12 3.25 3.75 Liberia 11 2.4 2.00 2.41 2.54 2.46 2.42 2.84 Croatia 42 3.1 3.06 3.35 2.95 2.92 3.20 3.54 Montenegro 12 2.4 2.31 2.30 2.22 2.35 2.62 2.89 Malta 43 3.1 2.81 3.10 3.17 3.01 3.05 3.79 Nigeria 12 2.4 1.97 2.27 2.60 2.52 2.35 2.92

Czech Republic 44 3.1 2.95 2.96 3.01 3.34 3.17 3.40 Kenya 12 2.4 2.08 2.16 2.69 2.38 2.34 2.88 Brazil 45 3.1 2.51 3.07 3.12 3.12 3.42 3.55 Fiji 12 2.4 2.07 2.22 2.41 2.18 2.48 3.12 India 46 3.0 2.77 2.87 2.98 3.14 3.09 3.58 Jamaica 12 2.4 2.22 2.27 2.43 2.21 2.43 2.91

Mexico 47 3.0 2.63 3.03 3.07 3.02 3.15 3.47 Algeria 12 2.4 2.26 2.02 2.68 2.13 2.46 2.85 Bahrain 48 3.0 2.67 3.08 2.83 2.94 3.42 3.42 Solomon Islands 12 2.4 2.37 2.03 2.44 2.14 2.39 3.04

Argentina 49 3.0 2.45 2.94 3.33 2.95 3.30 3.27 Mauritania 12 2.4 2.33 2.34 2.52 2.28 2.28 2.60 Morocco 50 3.0 2.64 3.14 3.01 2.89 3.01 3.51 Papua New 12 2.3 1.98 2.20 2.34 2.18 2.51 3.01

Slovak 51 3.0 2.88 2.99 2.84 3.07 2.84 3.57 Myanmar 12 2.3 2.24 2.10 2.47 2.42 2.34 2.59 Philippines 52 3.0 2.62 2.80 2.97 3.14 3.30 3.30 Kyrgyz Republic 13 2.3 2.45 2.49 2.00 2.25 2.31 2.69

Vietnam 53 3.0 2.65 2.68 3.14 2.68 3.16 3.64 Gabon 13 2.3 2.00 2.00 2.40 2.40 2.20 3.00 Romania 54 3.0 2.65 2.51 2.99 2.83 3.10 3.82 Moldova 13 2.3 2.17 2.44 2.08 2.15 2.44 2.74 Bosnia & 55 2.9 2.65 2.86 3.00 2.93 2.81 3.61 Guyana 13 2.3 2.29 2.15 2.35 2.33 2.14 2.67 Uruguay 56 2.9 2.99 2.87 2.91 2.98 2.98 3.16 Burkina Faso 13 2.3 2.12 2.40 2.33 2.28 2.13 2.67

Egypt, Arab 57 2.9 2.60 3.07 3.00 2.95 2.86 3.39 Afghanistan 13 2.3 2.33 2.00 2.33 2.16 2.10 2.80 Lithuania 58 2.9 2.73 2.58 2.97 2.91 2.73 3.70 Tajikistan 13 2.2 2.43 2.03 2.33 2.22 2.13 2.51 Indonesia 59 2.9 2.53 2.54 2.97 2.85 3.12 3.61 Libya 13 2.2 2.08 1.75 2.62 2.25 2.38 2.51

Peru 60 2.9 2.68 2.73 2.87 2.91 2.99 3.40 Angola 13 2.2 2.33 2.48 2.26 2.00 2.00 2.59 Panama 61 2.9 2.56 2.94 2.76 2.84 3.01 3.47 Rwanda 13 2.2 2.19 1.88 2.27 2.06 2.39 2.76

Oman 62 2.8 3.10 2.96 2.78 2.73 2.59 3.17 Mongolia 14 2.2 1.98 2.22 2.13 1.88 2.29 2.99 Yemen, Rep. 63 2.8 2.29 2.62 3.14 2.79 3.12 3.29 Ethiopia 14 2.2 2.03 2.22 2.35 2.16 2.10 2.54

Colombia 64 2.8 2.65 2.72 2.76 2.95 2.66 3.45 Lesotho 14 2.2 2.00 2.12 2.12 2.42 1.99 2.73

Source: the World Bank (2012, p. viii).

Connecting to Compete 2012, Trade Logistics in the Global Economy.

219

APPENDIX - C

Sample: 5Rs SPU employed into Motivation Study & Hypotheses Test.

Source: Pisoot & Heesawat, 2015

Definition of terms * SPU to Motivation Facets *

Interesting work: Reinforcement Theory as a means of altering workplace behavior.

Included workplace reliability, brands, image, reputation, style in management, good wills and so

on. (R1) Reliable enough to build attractive & appearance

Financial benefit: Wages, salary, payroll, overtime, incentive or commission, staff

welfare, includes all utilities and other benefits, such as return and any earning, annual tour and

bonus. (R2) Rates and Fringe Benefit

Promotion & Growth: clusters (Kanfer, 1992 cited in Wiley, 1995): arranged three

personality-based views; cognitive choice/decision approaches, and goal/self-regulation

perspectives. (Related to Hierarchy, personalize, self-esteem and ego) (R3) HR assets

Job secur ity: To secure from loss or jobless, unemployment risk, as well as risk

avoidance and risk involvement. (R4) Risk awareness & avoidance

Appreciation work: The appreciation of worker to work, attractive by recognition and

rewards. (R5) Responsive to preferable task supports attention to work or work hard

Research Hypotheses for 5R’s Tested

1. Reliability (image, reputation and so on)

H1: Reliability is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

2. Rate (the amount of income earned and personal benefit)

H3: Rate is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

3. Resources (ownership of corporate assets)

H2: Resources is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

4. Risk Factor s (the risk involved awareness)

H4: Risk Factor is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

5. Responsiveness (duty to prompt response)

H5: Responsiveness is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics

industry.

220

APPENDIX – D

ITEMS ON HYPOTHESES TEST (Previous & Present) THEME: Graduates’ intention in Logistics Career (in 3PL) topic: Logisticians Attributes (in 3PL)

Study focus: Senior graduates perceives to Job & Employer Selection Focus: Employers’ selection on Desirable Employees

Hypotheses (1st Research): Tested on Employees Hypotheses (2

nd Research): Tested on Employers

H1: Reliability is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

H1: Reliability is positively related to the desirable candidates

1. Corporate Reputation 1. Corporate Appearances

2. Corporate Awareness 2. Corporate Reputation

3. Brand Familiarity 3. Corporate Branding

4. Perceived Size of organization 4. Perceived Size of organization

5. Operations in multiple countries 4. Career Location of Branches or Network

6. Constant Public Relations 6. Recruitment Information

H2: Rate is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

H2: Rate is positively related to the desirable candidates

1. Ability to pay high 1. High salary requests by candidates

2. Opportunities to earn extra (overtime) 2. Problems in payrolls affordable

3. Opportunity to earn annual Bonus 3. Provide annual Bonus

4. Ability to provide welfare (Health insurance) 4. Resignation sources caused by low salary

5. Ability to provide retreat (annual tour trip) 5. Other welfares requirement

H3: Resource is positively related to the interest in working in the logistics industry.

H3: Resource is positively related to the desirable candidates

1. Owned Premises (building or workplace) 1. Shortage or insufficient staff

2. Owned Facilities (trucks fleet or warehouse) 2. Skill in English ability

3. Possession of Resources (property or assets) 3. Colleague and teamwork interrelation

4. Large number of employees 4. Facilities and equipment for ready-work

H4: Risk Factor is positively related to the interest in working in logistics industry.

H4: Risk Factor is positively related to the desirable candidates

1. Work indoors only 1. Requirement for Life Insurance

2. Not tall building 2. Workplace in Risk areas (port, warehouse)

3. Although good money, but I do not want work in w/house 3. Errors and Mistake in working

4. Ability to provide health insurance to employees 4. Free healthcare assurance

H5: Responsiveness is positively related to the interest in working in logistics industry

H5: Responsiveness is positively related to the desirable candidates

1. Hi-tech company focuses on I.T. and cyber 1. Energetic and Enthusiasm

2. Company which focuses on accuracy 2. Late Attendance or Absences

3. Emphasize the need to respond quickly to customers 3. Quick customers respond with practical skill

4. Focus on The English language 4. Fundamental Knowledge and Cognitive

5. Focus on documents key-in or paperwork filing 5. Ability in using office equipment & software

6. Regulatory compliance working environment 6. Flexibility and adjustable in Org.’s changing

Source: Pisoot & Heesawat (2015)

221

APPENDIX - E

Acknowledgements for Pre-test and Data Collection Teams

For developing tools and design for international standard and pre-test:

Pavel N. & Joey Yen Nguyen, Bee-HCM; Rose Duong, DiamondStar; Ben, W., Wellshare Inter; Eddie S., Cox

Global; Fanny F., Ningbo Delta; Furquan, M., Shar-e-Karam Shipping; Ian Jones, Transworld; Ivan Chia, Men-Q

Asia; James Yang, Dolphin; Javon Zhan, Longsailing, Jessi Goh, Asia Evo-Sin; Joey Wong, Mercury Freight;

Marlylin Lei, ZHL; Niti S, Sea-Aero; Orange, Xin-Xin, Sea-star; Peter L., All-Zenith; Tippawan, M., EastAsia; Ujjal

A., Cargo Care Shipping.

For data collection teams:

(Thailand) Anataya P., SCW; Anna A., CargoWT, Boontana T., NS Int; Kampanart T., Scanwell; Kelvin L., OCA-

TH; Ket P., Nissei Int; Kittibhum K., DHL Global; Nantaga D., EastThai; Napaporn N., NissThai; Nathee, Alpine

Log; Nattahsuda K., Siam-speed; Pariya F., DSM; Pawarisa T., Nat-inter; Pawinee K., DHL-TH; Runjeera R., Natsu;

Siripen W., EastAsia; Somchai S., LTS; Sukit P., PK; Vichai K., CargoTH; Weena S. Alpha-NWL; Worakorn K.

TD. (Vietnam) Diep Nguyen & Joey Yen N., Bee-Log; Thao Huong Phan, Dolphin-Log; Henry Dinh, Dolphin

SeaAir; Rose Duong, Diamondstar; Do The Bao, VN-Trans. (China) Alice Guo, CWS; Ben Su, SHZ Full-trans;

Damon Wang, Qingdao Roadcheer; David Tsai, Oriental Logistics; Helen Huang, AS Group; Hunk Yang, Y&M;

Ivan Chia, Men-Q; Jack & Roland Bay, AsiaEvo; Javon Zhan, China Longsail; Jerry Li, Homy Log; Jerry Wang,

Freesea Logistics; Johnson Chien; Joy Line & Catherine; Air City; Marylin Lei, ZHL; Max Tao & Susie Wu, FCS;

Raymond Y, Oriental Log; Sion Heng Low, Transhub Lines; Tom Wang, Qingdao RCL; Vicky Sun, NBO-Del Log;

Wendy Lai, Magical Log; Xiao Mao, SH Logistics; Xin-Xin, Star line (SHX-Qingdao).

Support partners (web form)

(CH) Alexa Hu; Jack C. Huang; Jimmy Lee; Joe; Julie, Nancy Sun; Tony Tang; Wells; Wilfred Tan; Alex S.; Bonnie

I., Dicky L.; Frank G.; George T., Jack Zhu; Jenny Lok; Joey Zhang; Kelvin Ma; Richard Li; Robinson Xiang; Roy

Huang; Sammi; Sarah Zhu. (VN) Kim Loan; Mai Thi Thu Dong; Michael; Park Ken; Phuong Dao; Than Trong

Thao; Thuy diem; Tran Huu Tron. Anna S.; Dao Van Hai; Dihn V. Hai; Le Van Long; Mai Quang; Ngo Van Chien;

Nguyen Xuan V.; Peter Chew; Richard L.; Tran H. Tron; Tran Q. Quoc; Tuyen D.C.

222

APPENDIX – F

Example: Report Evaluation into Levels (Supply Chain Metrics Measures) Table 3 Table 4 Importance of supplier metrics Importance of production metrics Assessment Metrics Percentage Assessment Metrics Percentage importance importance

Highly significant Supplier delivery 23.20

Highly significant Percentage of defects

24.27

performance Cost per operation hour 22.51 Capacity utilization 21.61 Moderately Supplier lead time 19.69 important against the industry norm Moderately Range of products and 18.01 Supplier pricing against 18.30 important services market Efficiency of purchase 15.42 Less important Utilization of economic 13.60 Order cycle time Order quantity Less important Efficiency of cash-flow 12.38 method Supplier booking in 11.01 procedures

Table 5 Importance of delivery performance measures Assessment Delivery performance Percentage metrics rating

Highly significant Quality of delivered goods

12.34

goods goods

On time delivery of 12.20 goods Flexibility of service 11.43 systems to meet Customer needs Moderately Effectiveness of 10.31 important enterprise distribution planning schedule Effectiveness of delivery 10.23 Invoice methods Number of faultless 10.05 delivery notes invoiced Percentage of urgent 9.32 deliveries Information richness in 8.76 carrying out delivery Less important Percentage of finished 7.76 goods in transit Delivery reliability 7.70 performance

Source: Gunasekaran et al. (2004, pp. 342-344)

223

APPENDIX - G

IOC SCORES

Full marks (78 items x 7 = 546) = Agreed (459); Uncertain (65); Disagreed (22)

= Agreed 84.07%

Net scores (7 committees) (74, 76, 78, 78, 78, 52, 78) total 514/546 = 0.941 or 94.10%

224

APPENDIX – G2

IOC COMMITTEE

Backgrounds of seven experts as IOC committees described as below expertise:-

• Academicians (3+1)

• Business Top Management (3)

• Strategist Performance / Productivity (1)

• Analyst (2)

• Researcher, Author + Editor (6)

Academicians (3+1)

- Prof. Dr.Kriengsak, C., Dr. Tanit, S., Dr. Chatchalee, R., A. Somsak, W.

Specialists as Top Management (3)

- Dr.Tanit, S, - A. Somsak, W., Ms. Orawan, V.

Strategist & Assessor (1)

- Dr.Chachalee, R.

Analyst (2)

- Ms. Jirarat, R. –Quantitative Researcher (TNSC).

- Mr. Kittiphol, T. – Qualitative Researcher (IFSD).

Researcher & Author & Editor (6)

• Dr. Kriengsak, http://drdancando.com

• Dr. Tanit, http://www.tanitsorat.com/v2/index.php

• Dr. Chatchalee, http://www.nstda.or.th/nstda-km/92-km-knowledge/2770-

technology-readiness-levels- (Article: SCM and LM in Thailand SMEs).

• Mr. Somsak, http://efreight.ku-inova.org/progress/cv-speakers/sm-sakdi-wises-

reuxng-rocn. (Article: Sustainable HR. Development in Logistics Service for

ASEAN).

• Ms. Jirarat (TNSC), and Mr. Kittiphol (IFSD)

k = 78, X

APPENDIX – H

IOC Scores by KR-20; KR-21

X = 65.5714, s

2 = 257.619, piqi = 8.9388

225

226

APPENDIX – I1

Research Tool - ENGLISH

English PART I: Demographic (Total 3 Parts)

XPlease choose only 1 choice in each question by using alphabet (X) or any alphabets

1.1) What's your main business? (Please choose only 1 most concentration) 3PL(sea) 4PL Custom Broker Truck (inland/cross land) 3PL(air) Liners Warehouse Others..........................

1.2) How many numbers of staff?

1-25 26-50 51-100 101 or more 1.3) Are you a member of any Logistics and Transport Association? (Answer can be more than one)

AIATA FIATA Association Others.......................... 1.4) How long have your business been operated?

<1year 1-3 years 3.1-5 years 5-9 years 10years up

PART II:

ABILITY ABILITY LCL FREIGHT ITEM only (Not including any local charges)

2.1) How much is your LCL selling rate to Singapore (per CBM)?

Free or below

USD.1-25 USD.26-50 USD.51 or more than

2.2) How much is your LCL selling rate to Hamburg (per CBM)? Free or

below USD.1-25 USD.26-50 USD.51 or more than

2.3) How much is your LCL selling rate to Los Angeles (per CBM)?

Not over $25

USD.26-50 USD.51-75 USD.76 or more than

3.1) How do you ship your LCL shipment to 3 main destinations as above (SIN/HAM/LAX)? Own

Consolidatio Co-loading with

others Both of 2 choices

(Choose only 1 most) important)

3.2) Who makes the decision to perform own Consolidation or Co-load with others?

Policy Manager Your own decision

Your operation staff

3.3) What is the most important factor encourage you to select liners / co leaders? Boss'

order Manager Yourself Staff or friend

recommend

227

APPENDIX – I2

Research Tool – ENGLISH (Continued)

PART III:

Choose only 1 Level of agreement 1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Moderate 4 = Agree 5 = Strongly Agree

Q.no Selection of Carriers 1 2 3 4 5

4.1 Price sensitive (You often select them because only "price")

4.2 You choose their service because of "Your Boss; Your Agent or Contract rates")

4.3 Personal Relationship (You choose their service because "know them well") Reliability 1 2 3 4 5

R1.1 Recently, your organization's name are well-known in the market

R1.2 Your organization's brand had advertised in some media

R1.3 Your service always provides booking confirmation to your customers correctly R1.4 You always provide service on time and punctual R1.5 Your service provides accuracy in B/L and D/O details R1.6 Your company's service reputation is reliable in customers' perception R1.7 Your website gives customers for all necessary information R1.8 You have booking confirm send to customers every time R1.9 Your office applies some advertisement to promote your service

Rates 1 2 3 4 5 R2.1 Your offered "Freight Rate" is reasonable and not expensive R2.2 Your "other charges" (e.g. Customs, Trucking) were not different from the market rate R2.3 Your customers are using your service because of your attractive rates R2.4 Your customers who are using your service focus on the quotation of "All Total Costs". R2.5 Your "local charges at "Port of Loading" are in standard (THC; CFS; B/L fee) R2.6 Your agents' destination local charges are reasonable for consignees R2.7 You have very less complain about rates issue from your customers R2.8 Your offices always win the bidding prices

Resources: Tangibility, Assets, Equipment & Tools, H R and Investment 1 2 3 4 5

R3.1 You have sufficient staff to service the customer

R3.2 Your office has own operating software in booking, delivery, billing

R3.3 Your office focuses on HR. Systems, recruitment, and development

R3.4 Your office provides equipment and tools enough at workplace (office or warehouse) R3.5 Your offices have own staffs or subcontractors for supporting cargo storage activities

R3.6 You have sufficient IT/Computer system in your organization.

R3.7 Your company pays attention to "invest more" (either on HR, IT. or Equipment) R3.8 Your office has an overseas or an administration department

Risk avoidance: Qualified, Warrantee and Assurance 1 2 3 4 5 R4.1 you have Liabilities Insurance cover your Bill of Lading (Risk Management) R4.2 When being claim, you pay compensation by your own office for cargo loss or damages R4.3 You have accuracy in recording shipment details in Tally Sheet? R4.4 B/L(s) are correctly in details, quantities of packages and weight issued R4.5 Your operation team has proper record for shipment track & traces R4.6 The problem of the wrong destination is in very low.

228

APPENDIX – I3

Research Tool - ENGLISH (Continued)

Responsive: Prompt action, willing to help, quick r esponse, availability 1 2 3 4 5

R5.1 Your telephone no, e-mail, mobile are efficient enough for customer to contact R5.2 You're able to provide booking quickly according to customer's requirement in limit of

time

R5.3 You reply quickly to support customer's problems. (willingness to help) R5.4 You give quotation back within 1-2 days when customer calls for R5.5 You are able to provide available containers/space according to customers' requirement R5.6 You can ship cargoes to all destinations as exporter's/importer's mentioned for w/o

reject

R5.7 You provide available schedule transit time match customer's requirement R5.8 Your team gives response to customer within a reasonable timeframe R5.9 No complain about delay shipment which resulting from you R5.10 Your management and you always give customers suggestion & solution

Performance 1 2 3 4 5 D6.1 Your service is reliable and trust by customer in the market D6.2 Your rates are always reasonable in all trading terms (Incoterms) D6.3 Your people, equipment and systems provide a smooth service

D6.4 Your organization provides liabilities (assurance) in all modes of transport activities

D6.5 Your staff always solve all customers' problems in quick support

Sourcing 1 2 3 4 5

ST1.1 Under LCL shipment, you purchase FCL freight and make your own consolidation.

ST1.2 Under FCL, you purchase freight cost from shipping lines directly. ST2.1 Under LCL shipment, you purchase freight from co-loading other forwarders ST2.2 Most LCL shipment, your freight costs were nominated by your agents.

ST3.1 Under LCL shipment, you purchase freight by both making own consolidation/co-loading with others.

ST3.2 When you cannot perform own consolidation, you will use Master Loader's service.

Factors to select Supplier 1 2 3 4 5 SR1.1 You select freight suppliers because you focus on "Freight Rate"

SR1.2 You select freight suppliers because of their "Special Local Charges" SR2.1 You select freight suppliers because you focus on their "Service Quality" SR2.2 You select freight suppliers because of their "Sales activity and personal relationship" SR3.1 You select freight suppliers because of "Company Policy or Boss's instruction" SR3.3 You select freight suppliers because of "Nomination from Agent or Consignee"

Competitiveness 1 2 3 4 5

L1 Enabling to get "Low Freight rate" is your competitiveness

L2 "Tight relationship with Suppliers" is your competitiveness

L3 "Your Staffs and their Service Mind" is your competitiveness

L4 Your competitiveness comes from the above Three factors equally.

C1 To serve your customers "cost focus and price offer is the most important

C2 To serve your customers, "Shipping Schedule" is the most important

C3 To serve your customers, "Available space" you can provide is the most important

229

APPENDIX – J1

Reliability of Pre-Test

Statistics

Actv1 Staffs Cert. Biz.Yr Asia Eur USA MoB Decision D.Eff N Valid 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35

Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Std. Deviation .000 1.241 3.088 1.183 .505 .778 .970 .718 .822 .664 Variance .000 1.541 9.534 1.400 .255 .605 .941 .516 .676 .440 S.E. Skewness .398 .398 .398 .398 .398 .398 .398 .398 .398 .398 S.E. Kurtosis .778 .778 .778 .778 .778 .778 .778 .778 .778 .778 Skewness -.145 .936 -1.202 1.861 .941 .000 -.174 .054 -.200 Kurtosis -1.621 -1.114 -.194 2.887 -.648 -2.016 -.969 -1.516 -.639

Frequency Table

Core Activity Cer t. Associations Freq. % Valid % Cumu% -- Freq. % Valid % Cumu% 3PL (Sea) 35 100. 100. 100.0 FIATA 17 48.6 48.6 48.6 Frt.Asso 8 22.9 22.9 71.4

Other 10 28.6 28.6 100.0 Number of Staff Total 35 100.0 100.0

Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Exper ience Years 1-25 10 28.6 28.6 28.6 Freq. % Valid % Cumu%

26-50 6 17.1 17.1 45.7 1-3 yrs 7 20.0 20.0 20.0 51-100 7 20.0 20.0 65.7 5 yrs. up 7 20.0 20.0 40.0 101 up 12 34.3 34.3 100.0 10 yrs up 21 60.0 60.0 100.0

Total 35 100.0 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0

Asia a Mob Method Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Valid <= $0 27 77.1 77.1 77.1 Consol 7 20.0 20.0 20.0

$1-25 7 20.0 20.0 97.1 Coload 17 48.6 48.6 68.6 26-50 1 2.9 2.9 100.0 Both 11 31.4 31.4 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0

Europe Decisions

Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Valid <= $0 21 60.0 60.0 60.0 Policy 12 34.3 34.3 34.3

$1-25 8 22.9 22.9 82.9 Mgr. 12 34.3 34.3 68.6 $26-50 6 17.1 17.1 100.0 Own 11 31.4 31.4 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0

USA Desired Effects

Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Freq. % Valid % Cumu% Valid <= $25 16 45.7 45.7 45.7 Boss 5 14.3 14.3 14.3

$26-50 3 8.6 8.6 54.3 Mgr. 19 54.3 54.3 68.6 $51-75 16 45.7 45.7 100.0 Own 11 31.4 31.4 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0 Total 35 100.0 100.0

230

APPENDIX – J2

Reliability of Pre-Test

Case Processing Summary

N % Cases Valid 35 100.0

Excludeda 0 .0

Total 35 100.0 a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's Alpha

Cronbach's Alpha Based on

Standardized Items N of Items

.841 .900 68

Item Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation N Price_rela 4.14 1.089 35 Policy_rela 3.77 1.352 35 People_rela 3.66 1.110 35 R1.1 3.97 .568 35 R1.2 3.86 .692 35 R1.3 4.83 .382 35 R1.4 4.66 .482 35 R1.5 4.51 .507 35 R1.6 4.66 .482 35 R1.7 3.86 .692 35 R1.8 4.51 .507 35 R1.9 4.54 .505 35 R2.1 4.51 .507 35 R2.2 4.49 .507 35 R2.3 3.94 .482 35 R2.4 3.69 .796 35 R2.5 4.83 .382 35 R2.6 4.34 .482 35 R2.7 4.51 .507 35 R2.8 3.97 .822 35 R3.1 4.37 .942 35 R3.2 4.71 .710 35 R3.3 4.69 .471 35 R3.4 4.69 .471 35 R3.5 4.66 .765 35 R3.6 4.66 .482 35 R3.7 4.49 .781 35 R3.8 4.83 .382 35 R4.1 4.54 .741 35 R4.2 4.14 1.498 35 R4.3 4.83 .382 35 R4.4 4.83 .382 35 R4.5 4.51 .507 35 R4.6 4.71 .710 35

Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N

R5.1 4.86 .430 35 R5.2 4.86 .430 35 R5.3 4.97 .169 35 R5.4 4.94 .236 35 R5.5 4.77 .598 35 R5.6 4.66 .765 35 R5.7 4.77 .490 35 R5.8 4.83 .382 35 R5.9 4.51 .507 35 R5.10 4.83 .382 35 D6.1 4.83 .382 35 D6.2 4.57 .739 35 D6.3 4.69 .471 35 D6.4 4.86 .355 35 D6.5 4.83 .382 35 ST1.1_in 3.66 1.413 35 ST1.2_in 4.63 .490 35 ST2.1_out 3.74 1.120 35 ST2.2_out 3.26 .950 35 ST3.1_mul 3.66 1.413 35 ST3.2_mul 3.40 1.143 35 SR1.1_Price 4.63 .490 35 SR1.2_Price 4.46 .505 35 SR2.1_Man 4.83 .382 35 SR2.2_Man 3.57 1.145 35 SR3.1_Sys 3.54 1.120 35 SR3.3_Sys 3.91 1.067 35 Latent1 4.31 .471 35 Latent2 4.31 .758 35 Latent3 4.34 .765 35 Latent4 4.66 .482 35 C1_COS 4.49 .781 35 C2_TIME 4.46 .505 35 C3_FLX 4.46 .505 35

231

APPENDIX-K

(Homogeneity)

Test of Homogeneity of Var iances

Biz_Size

Levene

Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

2.969 7 501 .005

H0: Size of Business has no different effects by Type of Business.

H1: Size of Business influenced by at least one type of business.

Sig. < 0.05 (reject H0 = Size affected by Business Type)

ANOVA

Biz_Size

Sum of

Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 28.738 7 4.105 3.121 .003

Within Groups 659.128 501 1.316

Total 687.866 508

Sig. .003 less than .05, then reject H0 = Size effected by at least one business type.

Robust Tests of Equality of Means

Biz_Size

Statistica df1 df2 Sig.

Welch 2.920 7 35.753 .016

a. Asymptotically F distributed.

H0: Size of firms not depends on Type of business

H1: Size of firms depends on Type of business

Sig. .016 < 0.05 (reject H0 = Size of organization influenced by Business Type)

232

APPENDIX-L1

(Between-Subjects Effects)

Investigations on Types of business to Size of firms (Post Hoc.) Test: Analyze Compare Means One-Way ANOVA

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Biz_Size Dunnett T3

(I) Biz_Type (J) Biz_Type Mean Difference

(I-J) Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound Upper Bound 3PL (Sea) 4PL -.872* .232 .019* -1.66 -.09

CT.Broker -.220 .315 1.000 -1.34 .90 Truck -.115 .264 1.000 -1.05 .82 3PL (Air) -.286 .248 .998 -1.13 .55 Liner -.474 .158 .103 -.99 .04 W/H -.444 .482 .996 -3.70 2.81 Other .173 .381 1.000 -1.23 1.58

4PL 3PL (Sea) .872* .232 .019* .09 1.66 CT.Broker .652 .382 .900 -.63 1.93 Truck .758 .341 .546 -.38 1.89 3PL (Air) .586 .329 .869 -.49 1.66 Liner .398 .268 .975 -.48 1.28 W/H .429 .529 .999 -2.41 3.27 Other 1.045 .438 .436 -.47 2.56

CT.Broker 3PL (Sea) .220 .315 1.000 -.90 1.34 4PL -.652 .382 .900 -1.93 .63 Truck .105 .402 1.000 -1.24 1.45 3PL (Air) -.066 .392 1.000 -1.37 1.24 Liner -.254 .342 1.000 -1.43 .92 W/H -.224 .570 1.000 -2.91 2.47 Other .393 .487 1.000 -1.26 2.05

Truck 3PL (Sea) .115 .264 1.000 -.82 1.05 4PL -.758 .341 .546 -1.89 .38 CT.Broker -.105 .402 1.000 -1.45 1.24 3PL (Air) -.172 .352 1.000 -1.34 .99 Liner -.359 .296 .997 -1.36 .64 W/H -.329 .543 1.000 -3.10 2.44 Other .288 .456 1.000 -1.28 1.85

3PL (Air) 3PL (Sea) .286 .248 .998 -.55 1.13 4PL -.586 .329 .869 -1.66 .49 CT.Broker .066 .392 1.000 -1.24 1.37 Truck .172 .352 1.000 -.99 1.34 Liner -.188 .281 1.000 -1.12 .74 W/H -.157 .536 1.000 -2.96 2.64 Other .459 .446 1.000 -1.08 2.00

Liner 3PL (Sea) .474 .158 .103 -.04 .99 4PL -.398 .268 .975 -1.28 .48 CT.Broker .254 .342 1.000 -.92 1.43 Truck .359 .296 .997 -.64 1.36 3PL (Air) .188 .281 1.000 -.74 1.12 W/H .030 .501 1.000 -3.02 3.08 Other .647 .404 .926 -.80 2.09

W/H 3PL (Sea) .444 .482 .996 -2.81 3.70 4PL -.429 .529 .999 -3.27 2.41 CT.Broker .224 .570 1.000 -2.47 2.91 Truck .329 .543 1.000 -2.44 3.10 3PL (Air) .157 .536 1.000 -2.64 2.96 Liner -.030 .501 1.000 -3.08 3.02 Other .617 .609 .998 -2.04 3.28

Other 3PL (Sea) -.173 .381 1.000 -1.58 1.23 4PL -1.045 .438 .436 -2.56 .47 CT.Broker -.393 .487 1.000 -2.05 1.26 Truck -.288 .456 1.000 -1.85 1.28 3PL (Air) -.459 .446 1.000 -2.00 1.08 Liner -.647 .404 .926 -2.09 .80 W/H -.617 .609 .998 -3.28 2.04

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

233

APPENDIX-L2

(Normality)

H0: Data are Normal Distribution (Equally, no differences) (Reject H0 < 0.05) H1: Data are Different Distribution (not equal)

Kolmogorov-Smirnov is applied for sample size >50, and Shapiro-Wilk for sample size <=50

Tests of Normality (Biz.Size) = H1: Data are differe nt Distribution

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Biz_Size .198 509 .000 .838 509 .000

Tests of Normality (Biz.Size by Country) Reject H0 = H1: Biz Size different by Nation

Nation Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Biz_Size China .303 193 .000 .762 193 .000

Thailand .264 159 .000 .858 159 .000 Vietnam .319 157 .000 .762 157 .000

Test of Homogeneity of Variance (Sig. >.05 = Accept H0): Variance of Biz.Size is normal distribution Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Biz_Size Based on Mean 1.427 2 506 .241

Based on Median 1.392 2 506 .249 Based on Median and with 1.392 2 461.724 .250 Based on trimmed mean 1.548 2 506 .214

Tests of Normality (Biz.Size & Biz.Type) H1: differe nt (accept H0 only truck & w/h not Significant)

Biz_Type Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Biz_Size 3PL (Sea) .219 356 .000 .837 356 .000

4PL .362 28 .000 .685 28 .000 CT.Broker .240 19 .005 .777 19 .001 Truck .173 19 .138 .870 19 .014 3PL (Air) .241 27 .000 .810 27 .000 Liner .227 41 .000 .872 41 .000 W/H .283 4 . .863 4 .272* Oth .382 15 .000 .660 15 .000

Test of Homogeneity of Variance (Biz.Size & Biz.Type) = H0 only by median, H1= mean Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

Biz_Size Based on Mean 2.969 7 501 .005 Based on Median 1.285 7 501 .256 Based on Median and with 1.285 7 388.701 .256 Based on trimmed mean 2.909 7 501 .005

Tests of Normality (Biz.Size by Years of Biz) = Not Normal

Biz_Year Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Biz_Size Less 1 yr .355 44 .000 .758 44 .000

1-3 yrs .325 44 .000 .753 44 .000 3.1-5 yrs .259 60 .000 .850 60 .000 5.1-10 yrs .203 101 .000 .857 101 .000 10.1 yrs up .272 260 .000 .774 260 .000

Test of Homogeneity of Variance (Biz.Size & Years o f Biz) = H1: Not equal, have difference Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Biz_Size Based on Mean 36.603 4 504 .000

Based on Median 20.933 4 504 .000 Based on Median and with 20.933 4 468.662 .000 Based on trimmed mean 35.733 4 504 .000

234

APPENDIX-L3

Measures of Association for Categor ical Var iables

(Chi-Square Tests) Exacted by Monte Car lo Significance

The useful ability of Monte Carlo’s method is for the unspecific sample size (for huge numbers)

and Exact significant value is unbiased estimator.

CERTIFICATION by Years of Business

Chi-Square Tests (Reject H0) H1: All having Relationships

Value df

Asymptotic Significance

(2-sided)

Monte Carlo Sig. (2-sided) Monte Carlo Sig. (1-sided)

Significance

99% Confidence Interval

Significance


Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

Pearson Chi-Square 34.295a 12 .001 .001b .000 .002 Likelihood Ratio 34.042 12 .001 .001b .000 .001 Fisher's Exact Test 30.774 .000b .000 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association 7.215c 1 .007 .007b .005 .009 .002b .001 .003

N of Valid Cases 509 a. 13 cells (65.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .69. b. Based on 10000 sampled tables with starting seed 1535910591. c. The standardized statistic is 2.686.

Symmetric Measures

Value Approximate Significance

Monte Carlo Significance

Significance


Lower Bound Upper Bound Nominal by Nominal Contingency Coefficient .251 .001 .001c .000 .002 N of Valid Cases 509 c. Based on 10000 sampled tables with starting seed 1535910591.

ALL Sig. are less than 0.05 then Reject H0 (H1: There are differences by Nation)

BIZ.SIZE by Nation BIZ. TYPE by Nation Chi -Square Tests Chi -Square Tests

Value df Asymptotic

Significance (2-sided) Value df Asymptotic

Significance (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 142.585a 6 .000 62.514a 14 .000

Likelihood Ratio 138.258 6 .000 61.595 14 .000 N of Valid Cases 509 509 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 27.76.

a. 5 cells (20.8%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.23.

SIZE by BIZ.Type SIZE by BIZ.Years Chi-Square Tests Chi -Square Tests

Value df Asymptotic Significance

(2-sided) Value df Asymptotic Significance

(2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 56.597a 21 .000 Pearson Chi-Square 136.001a 12 .000 Likelihood Ratio 58.758 21 .000 Likelihood Ratio 142.073 12 .000 Linear-by-Linear Association

3.471 1 .062 Linear-by-Linear Association

40.976 1 .000

N of Valid Cases 509 N of Valid Cases 509 a. 12 cells (37.5%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .71.

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.78.

Conclusion: The size of business (numbers of staff/employees) related to the type of business.

235

APPENDIX-M

RELIABILITY: ALL

AVERAGE (X1-3) MAKE / BUY / BOTH

Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N

Alpha Based on Avg.Make 3.90275 .854511 509

Cronbach's Standardized Avg.Buy 3.54126 .879707 509 Alpha Items N of Items Avg.MoB 3.91552 .861887 509

.842 .858 4 Avg.Sources 3.78656 .677181 509

Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if Item Deleted

Scale Variance if Item Deleted

Corrected Item-Total Correlation

Squared Multiple Correlation

Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted

Avg.Make 11.24334 4.562 .560 1.000 .851 Avg.Buy 11.60483 4.527 .544 1.000 .860 Avg.MoB 11.23057 4.163 .691 1.000 .793 Avg.Sources 11.35953 4.127 1.000 1.000 .683

ANOVA with Cochran's Test (Reject H0) H1: At least one variable have correlat ed relationship Sum of Squares df Mean Square Cochran's Q Sig Between People 931.855 508 1.834 Within People Between Items 45.965 3 15.322 143.681 .000

Residual 442.538 1524 .290 Total 488.503 1527 .320

Total 1420.358 2035 .698 Grand Mean = 3.78652

AVERAGE (X4-6) PRICE/PEOPLE/POLICY

Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N Alpha Based on Avg.Money 3.90472 .835517 509

Cronbach's Standardized Avg.Man 3.78094 .814274 509 Alpha Items N of Items Avg.Mgmt 3.64440 .902355 509

.827 .827 3






Cronbach's Alpha if Item

Deleted Avg.Money-F 7.42534 2.371 .690 .476 .754 Avg.Man-F 7.54912 2.462 .673 .453 .772 Avg.Mgmt-F 7.68566 2.187 .691 .478 .755

ANOVA with Cochran's Test (Reject H0) Sum of Squares df Mean Square Cochran's Q Sig Between People 820.517 508 1.615 Within People Between Items 17.260 2 8.630 58.212 .000

Residual 284.574 1016 .280 Total 301.833 1018 .296

Total 1122.350 1526 .735 Grand Mean = 3.77669

236

APPENDIX-N

RELIABILITY: ALL (Continued)

AVERAGE (Y1-5) Reliability / Rates / Resources / Risk Avoidance / Responsiveness

Reliability Statistics Item Statistics

Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N

Alpha Based on Avg.XR1 4.05656 .601772 509

Cronbach's Standardized Avg.XR2 3.89023 .621507 509 Alpha Items N of Items Avg.XR3 3.96930 .629861 509

Avg.XR4 3.90670 .606432 509

.904 .904 5 Avg.XR5 4.18566 .657431 509


Scale Mean if Item

Deleted Scale Variance if

Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total

Correlation Squared Multiple

Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if

Item Deleted Avg.XR1 15.95188 4.649 .775 .642 .879 Avg.XR2 16.11822 4.668 .733 .588 .888 Avg.XR3 16.03914 4.566 .765 .586 .881 Avg.XR4 16.10175 4.780 .707 .567 .893 Avg.XR5 15.82279 4.347 .818 .688 .869


Residual 274.668 2032 .135 Total 304.878 2036 .150

Total 1018.321 2544 .400 Grand Mean = 4.00169

AVERAGE (Z1-3) COST / TIME / FLEXIBILITY

Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N Alpha Based on

Cronbach's Standardized SVL_Cost 3.91 .919 509 Alpha Items N of Items SVL_Time 3.91 .944 509

.869 .869 3 SVL_Flex 4.00 .905 509 Item-Total Statistics

Scale Mean if Item

Deleted Scale Variance if

Item Deleted Corrected Item-Total

Correlation Squared Multiple

Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if

Item Deleted SVL_Cost 7.90 3.075 .668 .449 .888 SVL_Time 7.91 2.686 .806 .680 .762 SVL_Flex 7.82 2.865 .780 .654 .788


Residual 269.460 1016 .265 Total 272.000 1018 .267

Total 1300.213 1526 .852 Grand Mean = 3.94

AVERAGE (4 LATENT) SST/SSR/SPU/SVL

Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N Alpha Based on Grand Avg.Sources 3.78656 .677181 509

Cronbach's Standardized Mean Avg.Dominant 3.77690 .733531 509 Alpha Items N of Items 3.87604 Avg.SPU 4.00212 .529937 509

.844 .855 4 Avg.SVL 3.93857 .821362 509







Deleted Avg.Sources 11.71758 3.372 .599 .395 .836 Avg.Dominant 11.72725 2.909 .748 .565 .771 Avg.SPU 11.50202 3.558 .741 .550 .795 Avg.SVL 11.56558 2.753 .694 .529 .804

237

APPENDIX-O

(Major Model)

BEFORE and AFTER MODIFICATION INDICES

BEFORE MODIFICATION

AFTER (9 MI)

Degrees of Freedom = 71

Degrees of Freedom = 62 Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 352.53 (P = 0.0)

Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 75.74 (P = 0.11)

Normal Theory Weighted Least Chi-Sq = 340.93 (P = 0.0) Normal Theory Weighted Least Chi-Sq = 72.75 (P = 0.17)

Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 269.93

Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 10.75 90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (216.16 ; 331.23)

90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (0.0 ; 36.20)

Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.69

Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.15 Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 0.53

Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 0.021

90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.43 ; 0.65)

90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.0 ; 0.071)

Root Mean Sq.Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.087 Root Mean Sq.Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.018 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.077 ; 0.096)

90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.0 ; 0.034)

P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.00

P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 1.00 Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 0.80

Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 0.31

90 Percent Confidence Interval for ECVI = (0.70 ; 0.93)


ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.41

ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.41 ECVI for Independence Model = 31.53

ECVI for Independence Model = 31.53

Chi-Sq for Independence Model with 91 DF = 15991.33

Chi-Sq for Independence Model with 91 DF = 15991.33 Independence AIC = 16019.33

Independence AIC = 16019.33

Model AIC = 408.93

Model AIC = 158.75 Saturated AIC = 210.00

Saturated AIC = 210.00

Independence CAIC = 16092.59


Model CAIC = 586.83

Model CAIC = 383.75 Saturated CAIC = 759.41

Saturated CAIC = 759.41

Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.98 Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 1.00

Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.98

Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 1.00 Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.76

Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.68

Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.98

Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 1.00 Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.98

Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 1.00

Relative Fit Index (RFI) = 0.97


Critical N (CN) = 152.43

Critical N (CN) = 635.02 Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.014

Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.0090

Standardized RMR = 0.029

Standardized RMR = 0.017 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.91 Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.98

Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.87 Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.97 Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.62

Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.58

238

THAILAND - RELIABILITY

239

APPENDIX-P1

RELIABILITY: TH

Cronbach’s Alpha


Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N Alpha Based on Avg.Make 3.87736 .932393 159

Cronbach's Standardized Avg.Buy 3.43711 1.009045 159 Alpha Items N of Items Avg.MoB 3.82075 .900568 159

.753 .760 3







Avg.Make 7.25786 2.667 .617 .566 .628 Avg.Buy 7.69811 2.943 .420 .213 .858 Avg.MoB 7.31447 2.505 .737 .617 .493

ANOVA with Cochran's Test Sum of Squares df Mean Square Cochran's Q Sig Between People 285.281 158 1.806 Within People Between Items 18.243 2 9.122 36.410 .000

Residual 141.090 316 .446 Total 159.333 318 .501

Total 444.614 476 .934

Grand Mean = 3.71174



Cronbach's Standardized Avg.Man 3.80503 .961131 159 Alpha Items N of Items Avg.Mgmt 3.58491 1.080915 159

.907 .911 3









Residual 71.899 316 .228 Total 78.167 318 .246

Total 463.802 476 .974


240

APPENDIX-P2

RELIABILITY: TH (Continued)

Cronbach’s Alpha


Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N Alpha Based on Avg.XR1 3.88471 .798836 159


Avg.XR4 3.67406 .712168 159 .932 .932 5 Avg.XR5 3.88868 .782319 159







Avg.XR1 15.09261 7.364 .844 .759 .912 Avg.XR2 15.22182 7.578 .793 .691 .922 Avg.XR3 15.20295 7.655 .812 .681 .918 Avg.XR4 15.30326 7.964 .794 .680 .922 Avg.XR5 15.08864 7.393 .860 .755 .909


Residual 100.079 632 .158 Total 105.395 636 .166

Total 473.940 794 .597



Reliability Statistics Item Statistics Cronbach's Mean Std. Deviation N Alpha Based on SVL_Cost 3.69 .961 159

Cronbach's Standardized SVL_Time 3.52 1.078 159 Alpha Items N of Items SVL_Flex 3.69 1.038 159

.898 .898 3







SVL_Cost 7.20 4.149 .717 .533 .920 SVL_Time 7.38 3.452 .815 .729 .840 SVL_Flex 7.21 3.444 .872 .777 .789


Residual 84.826 316 .268 Total 88.000 318 .277

Total 503.061 476 1.057

Grand Mean = 3.63

241

APPENDIX-P3

RELIABILITY: TH (Continued)

Cronbach’s Alpha



Cronbach's Standardized N of Mean Avg.Dominant 3.74535 .901822 159 Alpha Items Items 3.72107 Avg.SPU 3.79623 .682867 159

.923 .928 4 Avg.SVL 3.63088 .935618 159







Avg.Sources 11.17245 5.413 .812 .691 .903 Avg.Dominant 11.13893 4.688 .883 .787 .878 Avg.SPU 11.08805 5.744 .837 .736 .902 Avg.SVL 11.25340 4.812 .795 .668 .913

242

VIETNAM - RELIABILITY

243

APPENDIX-Q1

RELIABILITY: VN

Cronbach’s Alpha




.734 .774 4 Avg.Sources 3.82567 .494770 157







Avg.Make 11.31930 2.746 .319 1.000 .788 Avg.Buy 11.86070 2.358 .426 1.000 .744 Avg.MoB 11.25242 2.285 .541 1.000 .665 Avg.Sources 11.47771 2.203 1.000 1.000 .469

ANOVA with Cochran's Test Sum of Squares df Mean Square Cochran's Q Sig Between People 152.745 156 .979 Within People Between Items 34.937 3 11.646 105.035 .000

Residual 121.730 468 .260 Total 156.667 471 .333

Total 309.412 627 .493





.741 .742 3









Residual 71.979 312 .231 Total 74.833 314 .238

Total 213.641 470 .455


244

APPENDIX-Q2

RELIABILITY: VN (Continued)

Cronbach’s Alpha




Avg.XR4 4.05945 .464212 157 .834 .834 5 Avg.XR5 4.18726 .498553 157









Residual 61.016 624 .098 Total 82.862 628 .132

Total 174.724 784 .223




Cronbach's Standardized SVL_Time 3.87 .723 157 Alpha Items N of Items SVL_Flex 3.95 .758 157

.779 .788 3









Residual 89.673 312 .287 Total 95.333 314 .304

Total 298.412 470 .635 Grand Mean = 3.84

245

APPENDIX-Q3

RELIABILITY: VN (Continued)

Cronbach’s Alpha




.751 .773 4 Avg.SVL 3.83701 .658577 157








246

CHINA - RELIABILITY

247

APPENDIX-R1

RELIABILITY: CN

Cronbach’s Alpha




.714 .716 3







Avg.Make 7.59067 2.480 .449 .202 .726 Avg.Buy 7.74093 2.422 .571 .355 .583 Avg.MoB 7.56477 2.127 .588 .372 .553


Residual 169.008 384 .440 Total 172.500 386 .447

Total 467.661 578 .809





.749 .747 3









Residual 138.385 384 .360 Total 148.833 386 .386

Total 424.518 578 .734


248

APPENDIX-R2

RELIABILITY: CN (Continued)

Cronbach’s Alpha




Avg.XR4 3.97410 .558667 193 .867 .868 5 Avg.XR5 4.42902 .552633 193









Residual 95.926 768 .125 Total 116.620 772 .151

Total 297.572 964 .309




Cronbach's Standardized SVL_Time 4.259 .851 193 Alpha Items N of Items SVL_Flex 4.290 .803 193

.850 .849 3








ANOVA with Cochran's Test Sum of Squares df Mean Square Cochran's Q Sig Between People 294.670 192 1.535 Within People Between Items .093 2 .047 .406 .816**

Residual 88.573 384 .231 Total 88.667 386 .230

Total 383.337 578 .663

Grand Mean = 3.84

249

APPENDIX-R3

RELIABILITY: CN (Continued)

Cronbach’s Alpha




.744 .762 4 Avg.SVL 4.27466 .715417 193








Reliability: 14 Var iables (ALL)

Reliability Alpha / Cochran’s Sig. / Grand Mean

(All) N=509 (TH) n=159 (VN) n=157 (CN) n=193

Var . Alpha Sig. G.Mean Alpha Sig. G.Mean Alpha Sig. G.Mean Alpha Sig. G.Mean

x1-x3 .842 .000 3.78652 .753 .000 3.71174 .734 .000 3.82584 .714 .020 3.81606

x4-x6 .827 .000 3.77669 .907 .000 3.74528 .741 .003 3.63907 .749 .000 3.91451

y1-y5 .904 .000 4.00169 .932 .000 3.79546 .834 .000 3.96850 .867 .000 4.19858

z1-z3 .869 .009 3.94000 .898 .003 3.63000 .779 .000 3.84000 .850 .816* 3.84000

L1-L4 .844 .000 3.87604 .923 .005 3.72107 .751 .000 3.81775 .744 .000 4.05111

5 Levels of Mean Scores: 1.00-1.50 = very low; 1.51-2.50 = low; 2.51-3.50 = moderate; 3.51-4.50 = high; 4.51-5.0 very high

250

APPENDIX-R4

Group & Single Nation

(Mean, S.D., Skewness & Kur tosis)

(3.51 – 4.50 = High), except only Vietnam (X2) = 3.44 was Moderated (2.51-3.50)

3G Mean S.E. S.D. Min MaxX Skew Kurto G1 Mean S.E. S.D. Min Max SK KU

X1 3.89 .031 .697 2 5 -.270 .011 X1 3.87 .073 .932 1.50 5.000 -.550 -.367 X2 3.87 .033 .737 2 5 -.301 -.108 X2 3.43 .08 1.00 1.00 5.00 -.514 -.147

X3 4.10 .030 .687 3 5 -.137 -.878 X3 3.82 .071 .900 1.000 5.000 -.964 .977

L1 3.956 .027 .628 2.33 5 -.125 -.261 L1 3.71 .061 .776 1.500 5.000 -.596 .474

X4 3.93 .034 .773 1 5 -.500 .474 X4 3.84 .071 .896 1.000 5.000 -.895 1.154 X5 3.83 .036 .821 1 5 -.459 .350 X5 3.80 .076 .961 1.000 5.000 -1.050 1.262

X6 3.89 .036 .818 1 5 -.408 .121 X6 3.58 .086 1.081 1.000 5.000 -.728 .168

L2 3.887 .033 .752 1.00 5 -.408 .430 L2 3.74 .071 .902 1.170 5.000 -.812 .842

Y1 4.14 .030 .671 1 5 -.844 2.263 Y1 3.88 .063 .799 1.222 5.000 -.878 .880

Y2 4.03 .029 .645 1 5 -.687 1.864 Y2 3.75 .063 .791 1.375 5.000 -.549 .547

Y3 4.10 .031 .694 1 5 -.884 2.097 Y3 3.77 .060 .762 1.250 5.000 -.929 1.141

Y4 4.23 .032 .715 1 5 -1.079 2.488 Y4 3.67 .056 .712 1.333 5.000 -.835 1.215

Y5 4.26 .031 .695 1 5 -.960 1.794 Y5 3.88 .062 .782 1.100 5.000 -1.495 2.922

L3 4.151 .026 .605 1.00 5 -1.237 3.610 L3 3.79 .054 .682 1.39 4.84 -1.294 2.310

Z1 3.96 .033 .739 1 5 -.408 .182 Z1 3.69 .076 .961 1 5 -.820 .709 Z2 3.99 .034 .762 1 5 -.540 .458 Z2 3.52 .086 1.078 1 5 -.716 .066

Z3 3.97 .032 .732 1 5 -.522 .676 Z3 3.69 .082 1.038 1 5 -.610 .121

L4 3.971 .032 .722 1.00 5 -.478 .535 L4 3.63 .074 .935 1.00 5.00 -.598 .277

N 509 ALL S.E. (.108) (.216) - N 159 TH S.E. (.192) (.383)

G2 Mean S.E. S.D. Min MaxX

SK KU G3 Mean S.E.

S.D. Min Max SK KU

X1 3.984 .053 .675 2.000 5.000 -.226 -.117 X1 3.85751

.06588

.915 1.000 5.000 -.714 .052 X2 3.44 .06 .75 1.00 5.00 -.210 .093 X2 3.70 .06 .83 2.00 5.00 -.186 -.814

X3 4.050 .055 .698 1.500 5.000 -.413 .129 X3 3.88342

.06745

.937 1.000 5.000 -.937 .780

L1 3.825 .039 .494 2.500 5.000 -.020 .027 L1 3.81632

.05150

.715 2.000 5.000 -.245 -.639

X4 3.748 .056 .701 2.000 5.000 -.106 -.161 X4 4.08031

.06157

.855 1.000 5.000 -.959 .782 X5 3.595 .050 .635 2.000 5.000 .279 -.208 X5 3.911

92 .05666

.787 1.000 5.000 -.441 .022

X6 3.573 .053 .674 2.000 5.000 .111 .057 X6 3.75130

.06458

.897 1.000 5.000 -.275 -.410

L2 3.639 .043 .544 2.500 5.000 .568 .179 L2 3.91466

.04977

.691 2.170 5.000 -.211 -.690

Y1 3.997 .030 .377 2.889 4.889 -.126 -.106 Y1 4.24588

.03626

.503 2.667 5.000 -.860 .415 Y2 3.687 .032 .405 2.875 4.875 .430 .285 Y2 4.165

80 .03582

.497 2.500 5.000 -.424 .014

Y3 3.910 .036 .456 2.750 5.000 .119 .146 Y3 4.17811

.04091

.568 2.500 5.000 -.463 -.328

Y4 4.059 .037 .464 3.000 5.000 .141 -.272 Y4 3.97410

.04021

.558 1.833 5.000 -.585 .673

Y5 4.187 .039 .498 3.000 5.000 -.098 -.869 Y5 4.4292

.03977

.552 1.500 5.000 -1.645 4.157

L3 3.968 .027 .343 2.98 4.93 -.048 .288 L3 4.1988

.03128

.434 2.44 5.00 -1.194 2.093

Z1 3.69 .070 .883 1 5 -.134 -.448 Z1 4.27 .057

.792 2 5 -.850 .059 Z2 3.87 .058 .723 2 5 -.113 -.403 Z2 4.26 .06

1 .851 1 5 -1.139 1.311

Z3 3.95 .060 .758 2 5 -.183 -.593 Z3 4.29 .058

.803 1 5 -.940 .567

L4 3.837 .052 .658 2.00 5.00 .144 -.422 L4 4.2747

.05150

.715 1.67 5.00 -.895 .280

N 157 VN S.E. (.194) (.385) - N 193 CN S.E. (.175) (.348)

251

APPENDIX-S

Lisrel Symbol

Symbol LISREL CALL Meaning k

ξ K KSI Exogenous NK

η E ETA Endogenous NE

ζ z zeta Error (ETA)

Χ x x-Variable Observed Variables (K) NX

δ d delta Error (X)

Υ y y-Variable Observed Variables (E) NY

ε e epsilon Error (Y)

ΛX LX Lambda-X Regression Co.ef: X on K

Λy LY Lambda-Y Regression Co.ef: Y on E

Γ GA Gamma Effects K to E

Β BE Beta Effects E to E

Φ PH Phi Co-variance of K

Ψ PS Psi Co-variance of z

Θδ TD Theta-Delta Co-variance of d

Θε TE Theta-Epsilon Co-variance of e

Θδε TH Theta-Delta-Epsilon Co-variance of de

SYN. Meaning Syntax & Mean

FU Full ME: Method

FI Fixed ML: Maximum Likelihood

FR Free AM: Automatic Modification

VA Value RS: Residual

SY Symmetric matrix EF: Effects

DI Diagonal matrix FS: Factor Score regression

PD Path Diagram SS: Standardized Score

OU Output SC: Completely Standardized

252

APPENDIX-S1

Path Diagram of the Competitive Serviceability Model for Logistics Providers (ALL)

Standardized Model (B)

Latent & Constructs L1 Sources L2 Relationship L3 Service Performance Units (SPU) L4 Competitive Service Level X1 Make X4 Price Y1 Reliability Y4 Risk Avoidance Z1 Cost X2 Buy X5 Personal Y2 Rates Y5 Responsiveness Z2 Time X3 Both X6 Policy Y3 Resources Z3 Flexibility

X-Model Y-Model Structural Model

Covariance Matrix Modification Steps (ALL)

N=509 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Step start end chi df Chi/df p RMSEA SRMR GFI AGFI CFI ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- 0 - - 340.93 71 5.506 .00000 .087

Y1 0.45 1 Y3 Y4 270.03 70 3.858 .00000 .075 Y2 0.35 0.42 2 Y4 Y5 174.64 69 2.531 .00000 .055 Y3 0.31 0.34 0.48 3 Y1 Y3 145.50 68 2.140 .00000 .047 Y4 0.31 0.30 0.40 0.51 4 Y2 Y5 120.42 67 1.797 .00007 .040 Y5 0.35 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.48 5 L4 Y4 104.65 66 1.586 .00173 .034 Z1 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.55 6 L3 Z2 96.64 65 1.487 .00662 .031 Z2 0.31 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.51 0.58 7 X3 X5 87.42 64 1.366 .02756 .027 Z3 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.51 0.50 0.54 8 X2 X5 81.65 63 1.296 .05710 .024 X1 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.21 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.49 9 X1 X4 72.75 62 1.173 .16501 .018 .017 .98 .97 1.0 X2 0.22 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.39 0.54 X3 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.33 0.31 0.47 X4 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.24 0.26 0.21 0.60 X5 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.40 0.41 0.39 0.29 0.30 0.21 0.51 0.67 X6 0.29 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.52 0.55 0.67

253

APPENDIX-S2

Lisrel Output (ALL) ALL: 3 NATIONS (TH/VN/CN) Goodness of Fit Statistics !DA NI=14 NO=509 MA=CM Degrees of Freedom = 62

Model AIC = 158.75

SE Minimum Fit Function Chi-Square = 75.74 (P = 0.11)


7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 / Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = 72.75 (P = 0.17)


MO NX=6 NY=8 NK=2 NE=2 BE=FU GA=FI PS=SY TE=SY Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 10.75

Model CAIC = 383.75

TD=SY 90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (0.0 ; 36.20)


LE

L3 L4 Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.15

Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 1.00

LK Population Discrepancy Function Value (F0) = 0.021


L1 L2 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.0 ; 0.071)


FR LY(2,1) LY(3,1) LY(4,1) LY(4,2) LY(5,1) LY(7,1) LY(7,2) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.018


LY(8,2) LX(1,1) 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.0 ; 0.034)


FR LX(2,1) LX(3,1) LX(4,2) LX(5,2) LX(6,2) BE(2,1) GA(1,1)

GA(1,2) GA(2,1) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 1.00


FR GA(2,2) TE(3,1) TE(4,3) TE(5,2) TE(5,4) TD(4,1) TD(5,2)


TD(5,3) Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 0.31

VA 0.84 LY(1,1)


Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) = 0.0090 VA 0.97 LY(6,2) ECVI for Saturated Model = 0.41


PD Number of Input Variables 14

Number of ETA - Variables 2


Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.98

OU AM

Number of Y - Variables 8

Number of KSI - Variables 2

Chi-Square for Independence Model with 91 Degrees of Freedom = 15991.33

Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.97

Number of X - Variables 6

Number of Observations 509


Parsimony Goodness of Fit Index (PGFI) = 0.58 Parameter Specifications

LAMBDA -X LAMBDA -Y BETA PHI THETA-DELTA THETA-EPS

L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 9 0 Y1 0 0 L3 0 0 L1 0 X1 35 Y1 23 X2 10 0 Y2 1 0 L4 15 0 L2 20 0 X2 0 36 Y2 0 24 X3 11 0 Y3 2 0 X3 0 0 37 Y3 25 0 26 X4 0 12 Y4 3 4 GAMMA PSI X4 38 0 0 39 Y4 0 0 27 28 X5 0 13 Y5 5 0 L1 L2 L3 L4 X5 0 40 41 0 42 Y5 0 29 0 30 31 X6 0 14 Z1 0 0 ----- ----- ----- ----- X6 0 0 0 0 0 43 Z1 0 0 0 0 0 32

Z2 6 7 L3 16 17 21 22 Z2 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Z3 0 8 L4 18 19 Z3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34

LISREL Estimates (Maximum Likelihood) Number of Iterations = 15 NOTE: R² for Structural Equations are Hayduk's (2006) Blocked-Error R² LAMBDA -X LAMBDA -Y PHI PSI Matrix is Reduced Form THETA-DELTA THETA-EPS

L1 L2

L3 L4

L1 L2 L3 L4

L1 L2

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

X 0.63 -- Y 0.84 -- L1 1.00

0.25 0.18

L 0.26 0.30 X1 0.08

Y 0.09

(0.03

Y 0.81 -- L2 0.61 1.00 (0.02) (0.01)

(0.03) (0.03)

(0.01

(0.01

25.1

(0.03

(0.03)

11.76 13.29

7.42 8.7

6.84

10.2

X 0.60 --

27.6

18.41

L 0.16 0.48 X2 -- 0.18

Y -- 0.08

(0.03

Y 0.83 -- GAMMA BETA

(0.03) (0.03)

(0.02

(0.01

21.7

(0.04

L1 L2

L3 L4

4.77 14.23

11.59

9.90

X 0.52 --

23.1

----- -----

----- -----

X3 -- -- 0.20

Y -0.04 -- 0.14

(0.03

Y 0.63 0.14 L3 0.26 0.30 L3 -- --

(0.02

(0.01

(0.01

19.2

(0.05 (0.03

(0.03) (0.03) L4 0.36 -- r2 Reduced

13.37

-5.88

11.9

X -- 0.69

13.8 4.00

7.42 8.70

(0.04)

X4 -0.02 -- -- 0.12

Y -- -- 0.10 0.23

(0.03 Y 0.84 -- L4 0.06 0.37

8.20

L3 L4

(0.01

(0.01

(0.01 (0.01

25.5

(0.03

(0.03) (0.03)

----- -----

-2.87

11.38

9.75 15.5

X -- 0.73

25.6

1.82 11.26

0.50 0.61 X5 -- 0.03 -0.02 -- 0.14

Y -- -0.03 -- 0.08 0.13

(0.03 Z -- 0.97 Covariance Matrix of ETA and r2

(0.01 (0.01

(0.01

(0.01

(0.01 (0.01

25.4 Z 0.09 0.90

L3 L4 L1 L2 (SEM

3.29 -1.90

11.6

-5.27

8.86 11.6

X -- 0.75

(0.03 (0.03

----- ----- ----- ----- L3

X6 -- -- -- -- -- 0.10 Z -- -- -- -- -- 0.0

(0.03

3.01 31.6 L3 0.51

0.50

(0.01

0.0

26.8 Z -- 0.96 L4 0.37 0.55

9.68

8.4

(0.02 L1 0.44 0.44 1.00

L4

Z -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.08

59.3 L2 0.46 0.57 0.61 1.00 0.67

(0.01

Squared Multiple Correlations for X - Variables Squared Multiple Correlations for Y -

13.3

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Z -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0

0.83 0.68 0.57 0.80 0.79 0.85

0.79 0.80 0.7 0.54 0.73 0.94 0.87 0.94

0.0

8.5

Matrixes: Fitted COVARAINCE, Fitted RESIDUALS, Standardized RESIDUALS

Fitted Covariance Matrix (All)

Fitted Residuals (All)

Standardized Residuals (All)

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

Y10.45 Y1 0.00 Y1 --

Y20.35 0.42 Y2 0.00 0.00 Y2 0.55 --

Y30.31 0.34 0.48 Y3 0.00 0.00 0.00 Y3 -1.15 0.20 1.15

Y40.31 0.30 0.40 0.51 Y4-0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Y4 -1.21 0.43 0.73 0.72

Y50.35 0.31 0.35 0.39 0.48 Y5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Y5 -0.03 0.86 -0.42 -0.31 -0.86

Z10.30 0.28 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.55 Z1 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 Z1 -1.05 -1.91 1.38 2.22 1.86 --

Z20.31 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.51 0.58 Z2 -0.01 -0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 Z2 -0.87 -2.94 1.52 2.13 2.25 -0.69 --

Z30.30 0.28 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.51 0.50 0.54 Z3 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Z3 -1.05 -2.48 1.67 2.14 1.79 0.31 0.63 --

X10.22 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.21 0.26 0.28 0.26 0.49 X1-0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.00 X1 -1.35 0.88 0.12 -1.21 -2.11 -1.03 1.09 -1.18 0.26

X20.22 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.39 0.54 X2-0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 X2 -0.65 0.57 -0.85 -0.87 -1.17 1.07 1.91 1.42 0.94 1.03

X30.21 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.33 0.31 0.47 X3 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 X3 1.21 2.25 1.23 0.78 -0.01 -0.36 0.45 -0.04 0.21 -0.81 -1.03

X40.28 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.24 0.26 0.21 0.60 X4 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 X4 1.84 0.71 1.39 2.12 0.54 -1.68 -1.83 -1.06 -0.38 0.32 -0.65 0.23

X50.28 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.40 0.41 0.39 0.29 0.30 0.21 0.51 0.67 X5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 X5 0.11 0.29 -0.23 0.59 -0.26 0.30 0.94 -0.43 0.75 0.99 0.22 1.15 0.46

X60.29 0.27 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.52 0.55 0.67 X6 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 X6 0.10 -0.71 0.14 1.33 -0.39 2.62 0.44 0.94 -0.58 -0.24 -0.18 0.32 -0.98 --

APPENDIX-S3

254

APPENDIX-S3

Parameter & Effects ALL 509: TH -VN-CN

Modification Indices Expected Change Completely Standardized Expected Change

Modification Expected Std.Expected Completely

THETA-DELTA-EPS THETA-DELTA-EPS THETA-DELTA-EPS

LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-X

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

L1 L2

L1 L2

L1 L2

L1 L2

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

X

1

-- 0.50 X

1

-- -

0.01

X

1

-- -

0.01

X

1

-- -

0.01

X

1

0.3

3

0.1

6

1.9

6

1.2

5

0.3

8

0.1

4

1.6

6

1.1

3

X

1

0.00 0.00 0.01 -

0.01

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 X

1

-

0.01

0.01 0.02 -

0.01

-

0.01

0.00 0.01 -

0.01 X -- 0.21 X -- 0.02 X -- 0.02 X -- 0.02

X 0.2 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 X 0.00 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 X - 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

X -- 0.05 X -- - X -- - X -- -

X 0.4 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 X 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 X 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 - - 0.00 0.00

X 0.0 -- X - -- X - -- X - --

X 3.6 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.1 3.7 2.7 3.0 X 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 - - - 0.01 X 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 - - - 0.01

X 1.0 -- X 0.03 -- X 0.03 -- X 0.04 --

X 0.6 2.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.9 1.7 X - 0.01 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 - X - 0.02 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 -

X 0.4 -- X - -- X - -- X - --

X 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.4 7.6 0.9 1.7 X 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 - 0.00 X 0.00 - - 0.01 - 0.02 - -

Modification Expected Std.Expected Completely

Modification Indices Expected Change Completely Standardized Expected Change

LAMBDA-Y LAMBDA-Y LAMBDA-Y LAMBDA-Y

THETA-EPS THETA-EPS THETA-EPS

L3 L4

L3 L4

L3 L4

L3 L4

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Y

1

-- 0.46 Y

1

-- -

0.03

Y

1

-- -

0.02

Y

1

-- -

0.03

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

Y -- 6.06 Y -- - Y -- - Y -- -

Y -- Y -- Y --

Y -- 2.90 Y -- 0.07 Y -- 0.05 Y -- 0.08

Y 1.0 -- Y 0.01 -- Y 0.02 --

Y -- -- Y -- -- Y -- -- Y -- --

Y -- 0.1 -- Y -- 0.00 -- Y -- - --

Y -- 2.61 Y -- 0.07 Y -- 0.05 Y -- 0.07

Y 1.3 0.7 -- -- Y - 0.01 -- -- Y - 0.02 -- --

Z 0.0 -- Z1 0.00 -- Z1 0.00 -- Z 0.00 --

Y 0.1 -- 0.5 -- -- Y 0.00 -- - -- -- Y 0.01 -- - -- --

Z -- -- Z2 -- -- Z2 -- -- Z -- --

Z 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.2 -- Z 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -- Z - 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 --

Z 0.0 -- Z3 0.00 -- Z3 - -- Z - --

Z 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 -- Z 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -- Z 0.00 - 0.00 0.00 0.01 - --

No Non-Zero Mod.Indices BETA / GAMMA / PHI /

Z 0.0 1.3 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 -- Z 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -- Z 0.00 - 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 --

Modification Indices Expected Change Completely Standardized

ALL 3G:_THVNCN509 Correlation Matrix THETA-DELTA THETA-DELTA THETA-DELTA

Factor Scores Regressions ETA and KSI

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 ETA

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L3 L4 L1 L2

X1 --

X1 -- X1 -- L3 0.30 0.31 0.33 -0.20 0.32 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 ----- ----- ----- -----

X2 0.52 --

X2 -0.01 -- X2 0.03 -- L4 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.41 0.16 0.40 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 L3 1.00

X3 0.05 0.71 --

X3 0.00 -0.01 -- X3 0.01 -0.02 -- KSI

L4 0.71 1.00

X4 -- 0.13 0.95 --

X4 -- 0.00 -0.01 -- X4 -- 0.01 -0.02 -- Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L1 0.62 0.59 1.00

X5 1.27 -- -- 1.30 --

X5 0.01 -- -- 0.01 -- X5 0.02 -- -- 0.02 -- L3 0.03 0.03 0.03 -0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.77 0.34 0.25 0.13 -0.04 -0.01 L2 0.64 0.77 0.61 1.00

X6 0.03 0.55 0.23 0.05 1.93 -- X6 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.02 -- X6 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.03 -- L4 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.08 -0.05 0.03 0.37 0.33 0.45

Standardized Solution Regression Matrix (All)

Completely Std.Solution Regression Matrix (All)

Completely Standardized Solution (All)

LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-Y ETA on KSI (Standardized)

LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-Y ETA on KSI (Completely)

THETA-DELTA THETA-EPS

L1 L2 L3 L4 L1 L2 PSI L1 L2 L3 L4 L1 L2 PSI

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- L3 L4

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- L3 L4

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

X1 0.63 -- Y1 0.60 -- L3 0.36 0.42 ----- -----

X1 0.91 -- Y1 0.89 -- L3 0.36 0.42 ----- -----

X1 0.17 Y1 0.21

X2 0.60 -- Y2 0.58 -- L4 0.20 0.65 0.50 0.33

X2 0.82 -- Y2 0.90 -- L4 0.20 0.65 0.50 0.33

X2 -- 0.32 Y2 -- 0.20

X3 0.52 -- Y3 0.59 --

X3 0.76 -- Y3 0.85 --

X3 -- -- 0.43 Y3 -0.08 -- 0.28

X4 -- 0.69 Y4 0.45 0.10 GAMMA

BETA

X4 -- 0.89 Y4 0.63 0.14 GAMMA BETA

X4 -0.04 -- -- 0.20

Y4 -- -- 0.19 0.46

X5 -- 0.73 Y5 0.60 -- L1 L2

L3 L4

X5 -- 0.89 Y5 0.86 -- L1 L2 L3 L4

X5 -- 0.04 -0.03 -- 0.21 Y5 -- -0.08 -- 0.16 0.27

X6 -- 0.75 Z1 -- 0.72 ----- -----

----- -----

X6 -- 0.92 Z1 -- 0.97 ----- ----- ----- -----

X6 -- -- -- -- -- 0.15 Z1 -- -- -- -- -- 0.06

Z2 -- 0.67 L3 0.36 0.42 L3 -- --

Z2 0.08 0.87 L3 0.36 0.42 L3 -- --

Z2 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.13

Z3 -- 0.71 L4 0.08 0.50 L4 0.35 --

Z3 -- 0.97 L4 0.08 0.50 L4 0.35 --

Z3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.06

Total & Indirect Effects Total Effects Indirect Effects Total Effects Std. Total Effects

Std. INDIR.Effects

Std. Total Effects Total Effects

Indirect

Total Effects

KSI on ETA

KSI on ETA

ETA on ETA

ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L L1 L2

L3

0.26 0.30 L3 -- -- L3 -- -- Y1 0.60 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.22 0.25 Y1

0.84 -- Y1

-- -- Y1

0.22 0.25

(0.03)

(0.03)

Y2 0.58 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.21 0.25 (0.03)

(0.03) 7.42 8.70 Y3 0.59 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.21 0.25 7.42 8.70

L4

0.15 0.48 L4 0.09 0.11 L4 0.36 -- Y4 0.48 0.10 Y4 0.04 -- Y4 0.18 0.26 Y2

0.81 -- Y2

-- -- Y2

0.21 0.25

(0.03)

(0.03)

(0.02) (0.02) (0.04) Y5 0.60 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.22 0.25 (0.03)

(0.03)

(0.03) 4.77 14.2

3 5.52 6.24 8.20 Z1 0.25 0.72 Z1 0.25 -- Z1 0.14 0.46 27.6

2 7.42 8.71

Z2 0.29 0.67 Z2 0.23 -- Z2 0.16 0.45 Y 0.83 -- Y -- -- Y 0.21 0.25 Z3 0.25 0.71 Z3 0.25 -- Z3 0.14 0.46 (0.04

) (0.03

) (0.03

) 23.1 7.37 8.61 Y

4 0.68 0.14 Y

4 0.05 -- Y

4 0.18 0.26

(0.04)

(0.03)

(0.01)

(0.03)

(0.03) 17.3

1 4.00 3.42 7.28 9.45

Std. Total Std. Indirect Std. Total Comp.Std.TTL

Comp.Std.INDIR.Effe

Comp.Std.TTL Y 0.84 -- Y -- -- Y 0.22 0.25 KSI on ETA

KSI on ETA

ETA on ETA

ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y (0.03

) (0.03

) (0.03

) L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 25.6 7.38 8.64 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Z

1 0.35 0.97 Z

1 0.35 -- Z

1 0.14 0.46

L3

0.36 0.42 L3 -- -- L3 -- -- Y1 0.89 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.32 0.38 (0.04)

(0.04)

(0.03)

(0.03) L

4 0.20 0.65 L4 0.13 0.15 L4 0.35 -- Y2 0.90 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.32 0.38 8.20 8.20 4.77 14.2

3 Y3 0.85 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.31 0.36 Z 0.41 0.90 Z 0.32 -- Z 0.16 0.45 Y4 0.68 0.14 Y4 0.05 -- Y4 0.26 0.36 (0.04

) (0.03

) (0.04

) (0.03

) (0.03

) Y5 0.86 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.31 0.36 9.30 31.65

7.91 5.25 14.12 Z1 0.34 0.97 Z1 0.34 -- Z1 0.20 0.63 Z

3 0.35 0.96 Z

3 0.35 -- Z

3 0.14 0.46

Z2 0.38 0.87 Z2 0.30 -- Z2 0.20 0.60 (0.04)

(0.02)

(0.04)

(0.03)

(0.03) Z3 0.34 0.97 Z3 0.34 -- Z3 0.19 0.63 8.19 59.3

3 8.19 4.76 14.2

3

255

APPENDIX-S4

Correlation (R) - Overall R Make Buy Both X_MOB Money Man Mgmt X_3M R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 X_5R C1 C2 C3 X_C

X1 Pearson 1 .845 .801 .808 .501 .544 .527 .547 .492 .535 .505 .448 .456 .517 .593 .598 .585 .600 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 X2 Pearson .845 1 .747 .861 .516 .549 .503 .545 .467 .486 .454 .422 .431 .480 .623 .616 .615 .626

Sig. (2-t) .000

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

X3 Pearson .801 .747 1 .735 .451 .442 .452 .468 .493 .516 .501 .471 .483 .524 .543 .530 .541 .545 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 X_MOB .808 .861 .735 1 .506 .523 .466 .519 .513 .502 .505 .507 .518 .541 .652 .657 .649 .661 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 X4 Pearson .501 .516 .451 .506 1 .877 .876 .955 .635 .638 .591 .595 .599 .650 .771 .744 .776 .773

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

X5 Pearson .544 .549 .442 .523 .877 1 .890 .961 .584 .601 .554 .544 .548 .602 .761 .760 .763 .771 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 X6 Pearson .527 .503 .452 .466 .876 .890 1 .962 .605 .611 .572 .566 .554 .618 .794 .766 .778 .790

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

X_3M .547 .545 .468 .519 .955 .961 .962 1 .633 .642 .596 .592 .590 .649 .808 .789 .805 .811 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Y1 Pearson .492 .467 .493 .513 .635 .584 .605 .633 1 .901 .766 .786 .903 .925 .748 .745 .758 .760

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

Y2 Pearson .535 .486 .516 .502 .638 .601 .611 .642 .901 1 .893 .800 .828 .938 .745 .729 .746 .749 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Y3 Pearson .505 .454 .501 .505 .591 .554 .572 .596 .766 .893 1 .923 .831 .940 .729 .713 .730 .733

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

Y4 Pearson .448 .422 .471 .507 .595 .544 .566 .592 .786 .800 .923 1 .916 .944 .730 .718 .734 .737 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Y5 Pearson .456 .431 .483 .518 .599 .548 .554 .590 .903 .828 .831 .916 1 .953 .730 .735 .745 .747

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

X_5R .517 .480 .524 .541 .650 .602 .618 .649 .925 .938 .940 .944 .953 1 .783 .774 .790 .793 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

.000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Z1 Pearson .593 .623 .543 .652 .771 .761 .794 .808 .748 .745 .729 .730 .730 .783 1 .953 .974 .989

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 0.000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

Z2 Pearson .598 .616 .530 .657 .744 .760 .766 .789 .745 .729 .713 .718 .735 .774 .953 1 .955 .983 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

.000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 Z3 Pearson .585 .615 .541 .649 .776 .763 .778 .805 .758 .746 .730 .734 .745 .790 .974 .955 1 .989

Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 0.000 .000 .000 N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

X_Compet .600 .626 .545 .661 .773 .771 .790 .811 .760 .749 .733 .737 .747 .793 .989 .983 .989 1 Sig. (2-t) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

N 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509 509

Correlation Matr ix & Covar iance Matr ix R X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 COV X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

X1 1.000 X1 0.486

X2 0.751 1.000 X2 0.386 0.543

X3 0.690 0.613 1.000 X3 0.330 0.310 0.471

X4 0.450 0.452 0.395 1.000 X4 0.243 0.257 0.210 0.598

X5 0.502 0.499 0.380 0.802 1.000

X5 0.287 0.302 0.214 0.509 0.673

X6 0.501 0.454 0.419 0.826 0.815 1.000 X6 0.286 0.274 0.235 0.522 0.547 0.670

Y1 0.479 0.439 0.446 0.546 0.512 0.530 1.000 Y1 0.224 0.217 0.206 0.283 0.282 0.291 0.450

Y2 0.518 0.467 0.473 0.528 0.518 0.520 0.800 1.000 Y2 0.223 0.222 0.210 0.264 0.274 0.275 0.346 0.417

Y3 0.478 0.410 0.428 0.515 0.479 0.504 0.666 0.758 1.000 Y3 0.232 0.210 0.204 0.277 0.273 0.286 0.310 0.340 0.482

Y4 0.401 0.365 0.381 0.508 0.470 0.502 0.638 0.656 0.814 1.000

Y4 0.200 0.192 0.187 0.281 0.276 0.294 0.306 0.303 0.404 0.511

Y5 0.443 0.409 0.402 0.505 0.485 0.502 0.761 0.695 0.721 0.785 1.000 Y5 0.215 0.210 0.192 0.271 0.277 0.285 0.355 0.312 0.348 0.390 0.483

Z1 0.511 0.490 0.427 0.647 0.665 0.709 0.603 0.597 0.607 0.599 0.622 1.000 Z1 0.263 0.267 0.217 0.369 0.403 0.429 0.299 0.285 0.311 0.316 0.319 0.546

Z2 0.531 0.520 0.439 0.620 0.654 0.670 0.616 0.597 0.617 0.602 0.635 0.901 1.000 Z2 0.282 0.282 0.230 0.365 0.409 0.418 0.315 0.294 0.326 0.328 0.336 0.507 0.581

Z3 0.509 0.496 0.434 0.653 0.656 0.694 0.603 0.589 0.611 0.597 0.620 0.940 0.902 1.000 Z3 0.260 0.267 0.218 0.370 0.394 0.416 0.296 0.278 0.311 0.313 0.316 0.509 0.503 0.536

256

SINGLE NATION

ANALYSIS

257

APPENDIX-T1

Path Diagram of the Competitive Serviceability Model for Logistics Providers (TH)


Latent & Constructs

L1 Sources L2 Dominant L3 Service Performance Units (SPU) L4 Competitive Service Level

X1 Make X4 Price Y1 Reliability Y4 Risk Avoidance Z1 Cost

X2 Buy X5 Personal Y2 Rates Y5 Responsiveness Z2 Time

X3 Both X6 Policy Y3 Resources Z3 Flexibility Covariance Matrix (TH)

N=159 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

Y1 0.71

Y2 0.54 0.62

Y3 0.51 0.54 0.69

Y4 0.51 0.50 0.61 0.69

Y5 0.57 0.51 0.56 0.59 0.68

Z1 0.46 0.40 0.46 0.46 0.48 0.65

Z2 0.47 0.41 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.64 0.69

Z3 0.47 0.41 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.64 0.65 0.68

X1 0.40 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.58

X2 0.40 0.38 0.39 0.37 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.50 0.59

X3 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.38 0.34 0.35 35.00 0.40 0.34 0.51

X4 0.54 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.57 0.59 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.76

X5 0.53 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.61 0.65 0.63 0.51 0.49 0.39 0.71 0.93

X6 0.53 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.48 0.48 0.40 0.72 0.78 0.84

Modification Steps (TH)

Step start end chi df Chi/df p RMSEA SRMR GFI AGFI CFI

0 - - 185.37 71 2.611

.00000 .101

.101

1 Y3 Y4 159.67 70 2.281 .00000 .090

2 Y4 Y5 145.44 69 2.108 .00000 .084

3 Y1 Y3 133.76 68 1.967 .00000 .078

4 X3 X4 117.44 67 1.753 .00014 .069

5 Y1 Y4 108.40 66 1.642 .00078 .064

6 Y2 Y5 107.42 65 1.653 .00073 .064

7 L4 Y2 98.73 64 1.543 .00347 .059 .031 .92 .87 1.0

258

APPENDIX-T2

Lisrel Output (G1: Thailand) TI G1=TH Goodness of Fit Statistics !DA NI=14 NO=159 MA=CM Degrees of Freedom = 64

Model AIC = 180.73




Independence CAIC = 7542.36 MO NX=6 NY=8 NK=2 NE=2 BE=FU GA=FI PS=SY TE=SY Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 34.73

Model CAIC = 347.55


Saturated CAIC = 637.23 LE

L3TH L4TH Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.65




L1TH L2TH 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.074 ; 0.42)

Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.69 FR LY(2,1) LY(2,2) LY(3,1) LY(4,1) LY(5,1) LY(7,2) LY(8,2) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.059


LX(1,1), LX(2,1) 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.034 ; 0.081)

Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 1.00 FR LX(3,1) LX(4,2) LX(5,2) LX(6,2) BE(2,1) GA(1,1)

GA(1,2) GA(2,1), GA(2,2) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.26


FR TE(3,1) TE(4,1) TE(4,3) TE(5,2) TE(5,4) TD(4,3)


VA 1.0 LY(1,1) Expected Cross-Validation Index (ECVI) = 1.14

VA 1.0 LY(6,2)



OU RS EF FS SS SC ECVI for Saturated Model = 1.33


Number of Input Variables 14





Number of KSI - Variables 2 Chi-Square for Independence Model with 91 Degrees of Freedom =

7457.40






Parameter Specifications LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-Y BETA PHI THETA-DELTA THETA-EPS

L1 L2 L3 L4 L1 L2 L1 L2 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

X1 8 0 Y1 0 0 L3 0 0 L1 0 X1 35 Y1 22 X2 9 0 Y2 1 2 L4 14 0 L2 19 0 X2 0 36 Y2 0 23 X3 10 0 Y3 3 0 X3 0 0 37 Y3 24 0 25 X4 0 11 Y4 4 0 GAMMA PSI X4 0 0 38 39 Y4 26 0 27 28 X5 0 12 Y5 5 0 L1 L2 L3 L4 X5 0 0 0 0 40 Y5 0 29 0 30 31 X6 0 13 Z1 0 0 ----- ----- ----- ----- X6 0 0 0 0 0 41 Z1 0 0 0 0 0 32 Z2 0 6 L3 15 16 20 21 Z2 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Z3 0 7 L4 17 18 Z3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34

LISREL Estimates (Maximum Likelihood) Number of Iterations = 43 NOTE: R² for Structural Equations are Hayduk's (2006) Blocked-Error R²

LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-Y BETA PHI Reduced Form THETA-DELTA THETA-EPS

L1 L2

L3 L4

L3 L4

L1 L2

L1 L2

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

X 0.73 -- Y 1.00 -- L3 -- -- L1 1.00

L 0.28 0.40 X1 0.04

Y 0.15

(0.05 Y 1.18 -0.23 L4 0.14 -- L2 0.77 1.00

(0.06) (0.06)

(0.01)

(0.02

16.20

(0.10 (0.08

(0.01

(0.04)

4.83 6.48

2.81

7.14

X 0.68 --

11.70 -3.00

1.48

20.72

L 0.19 0.54 X2 -- 0.12

Y -- 0.07

(0.05 Y 0.99 --

(0.06) (0.06)

(0.02

(0.02

14.13

(0.07

GAMMA PSI Matrix is

3.35 8.72

6.58

3.23

X 0.55 --

14.71

L1 L2

L3 L4

X3 -- -- 0.22

Y -0.04 -- 0.15

(0.05 Y 0.95 -- L3 0.28 0.40

0.14 0.14

(0.03

(0.02

(0.02

11.23

(0.07

(0.06 (0.06

(0.02) (0.02 r2 Reduced

8.20

-2.52

7.13

X -- 0.81

14.28

4.83 6.48

6.27 7.67

X4 -- -- 0.04 0.10

Y -0.02 -- 0.09 0.20

(0.05 Y 1.03 -- L4 0.15 0.49

L3 L4

(0.01 (0.01

(0.02

(0.02 (0.03

15.51

(0.06

(0.06 (0.07

----- -----

3.05 6.60

-0.97

5.10 7.81

X -- 0.89

17.45

2.40 6.79

0.74 0.77 X5 -- -- -- -- 0.14

Y -- -0.04 -- 0.05 0.10

(0.06 Z -- 1.00 Covariance Matrix of ETA and r2

(0.02

(0.01

(0.01 (0.02

15.14 Z -- 1.02

L3 L4 L1 L2 (SEM

7.02

-2.80

3.34 5.41

X -- 0.88

(0.03

----- ----- ----- ----- L3

X6 -- -- -- -- -- 0.07 Z -- -- -- -- -- 0.0

(0.05

39.49 L3 0.55

0.74

(0.01

0.0

16.30 Z -- 1.03 L4 0.46 0.63

5.04

5.1

(0.02 L1 0.59 0.60 1.00

L4

Z -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.04

50.42 L2 0.61 0.69 0.77 1.00 0.78

(0.01


7.25

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Z -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0

0.93 0.7 0.58 0.87 0.85 0.92

0.78 0.89 0.7 0.71 0.85 0.97 0.94 0.97

0.0

4.5

Fitted Covariance, Fitted Residuals, Standardized Residuals

Fitted Covariance Matrix ( TH)

Fitted Residuals ( TH)

Standardized Residuals ( TH)

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----Y10.71

Y1 0.00

Y1 --

Y20.54 0.62

Y2 0.00 0.00

Y2 -0.03 -0.21

Y30.51 0.54 0.69

Y3 0.00 0.00 0.00

Y3 -- -0.22 --

Y40.51 0.52 0.61 0.69

Y4 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00

Y4 0.58 2.12 0.10 0.18

Y50.57 0.52 0.56 0.58 0.68

Y5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00

Y5 0.41 -1.78 0.17 1.32 2.56

Z10.46 0.40 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.65

Z1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00

Z1 -0.32 0.33 0.07 1.18 0.61 --

Z20.47 0.41 0.47 0.45 0.48 0.64 0.69

Z2 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00

Z2 0.02 0.07 0.70 2.03 0.95 0.22 --

Z30.48 0.41 0.47 0.45 0.49 0.64 0.65 0.68

Z3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

Z3 -0.29 -0.21 -0.27 1.26 0.55 1.07 -1.19 --

X10.43 0.40 0.43 0.41 0.44 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.58

X1 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.00

X1 -2.31 -0.52 0.23 0.26 -0.37 -0.62 0.82 -1.46 --

X20.40 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.42 0.50 0.59

X2 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00

X2 -0.05 0.05 -0.59 -0.38 -0.08 0.40 0.62 0.71 2.41 --

X30.32 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.40 0.37 0.51

X3 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.03 -0.01

X3 2.20 4.01 2.35 2.12 2.47 0.86 0.58 0.65 -0.68 -2.98 -0.96

X40.50 0.46 0.49 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.45 0.42 0.38 0.75

X4 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01

X4 2.57 3.50 1.34 3.87 2.43 -0.02 0.03 1.86 -1.80 -0.08 0.87 1.38

X50.54 0.50 0.54 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.50 0.46 0.37 0.72 0.98 X5 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.010.00 X5 -0.79 -0.39 -0.52 1.37 -1.96 0.32 2.31 0.73 0.65 1.50 0.65 -1.14 --

X60.54 0.50 0.53 0.51 0.55 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.49 0.46 0.37 0.71 0.78 0.84 X6 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 X6 -0.62 0.65 -0.17 2.04 -0.70 -1.56 -1.01 -0.94 -1.14 1.19 1.45 1.34 1.73 --

259

APPENDIX-T3

Parameter & Effects (G1: Thailand) G1:_TH = 159 Correlation Matrix


ETA

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 0.10 0.37 0.15 -0.08 0.31 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 ----- ----- ----- ----- L4 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.17 0.41 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 L3 1.00

KSI

L4 0.79 1.00

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L1 0.79 0.76 1.00

L3 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.84 0.26 0.12 -0.03 0.02 0.03 L2 0.83 0.87 0.77 1.00 L4 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.01 -0.05 0.30 0.21 0.45

Standardized Solution Regression Matrix

Completely Std.Solution Summary Fitted Standardize

d LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-Y ETA on KSI (Standardized)

LAMBDA-X LAMBDA-Y Smallest -0.03 -2.98

L1 L2 L3 L4 L1 L2 PSI L1 L2 L3 L4 Median 0.00 0.17

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- L3 L4

----- ----- ----- ----- Largest 0.08 4.01

X1

0.73

-- Y1

0.74

-- L3

0.38

0.53

----- -----

X1

0.96

-- Y1

0.88

--

X2

0.68

-- Y2

0.88

-0.18

L4

0.24

0.69

0.26 0.22

X2

0.89

-- Y2

1.12

-0.24

Largest Negative Residuals

X3

0.55

-- Y3

0.74

--

X3

0.76

-- Y3

0.88

-- Residual for

X3 and X2

-2.98

X4

-- 0.81

Y4

0.70

-- BETA

GAMMA

X4

-- 0.93

Y4

0.85

--

X5

-- 0.89

Y5

0.76

-- L3 L4

L1 L2

X5

-- 0.92

Y5

0.92

-- Largest Positive Residuals

X6

-- 0.88

Z1 -- 0.79 ----- -----

----- -----

X6

-- 0.96

Z1 -- 0.98 Residual for

X3 and Y2

4.01

Z2 -- 0.80 L3

-- -- L3

0.38 0.53


X4 and Y2

3.50

Z3 -- 0.81 L4

0.13

-- L4

0.18 0.61


X4 and Y4

3.87

Completely Standardized Solution (TH) BASIC EFFECTS

THETA-DELTA THETA-EPS TE

KSI ETA IE KSI ETA TE

ETA ETA

L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 L3

0.28 0.40 L3

-- -- L3

-- --

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (0.06)

(0.06)

X1

0.07

Y1

0.22

4.83 6.48

X2

-- 0.21

Y2

-- 0.11

L4

0.19 0.54 L4

0.04 0.06 L4

0.14 -- X3

-- -- 0.42

Y3

-0.06 -- 0.22

(0.06)

(0.06)

(0.03)

(0.04)

(0.10)

X4

-- -- 0.07

0.13

Y4

-0.02

-- 0.14

0.29

3.35 8.72 1.42 1.46 1.48

X5

-- -- -- -- 0.15

Y5

-- -0.06

-- 0.07

0.15

STANDARDIZED EFFECTS

X6

-- -- -- -- -- 0.08

Z1

-- -- -- -- -- 0.03

TE


ETA ETA

Z

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.0

6 L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4

Z3

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.03

L3

0.38 0.53 L3

-- -- L3

-- --

L

4 0.24 0.69 L

4 0.05 0.07 L

4 0.13 --

Std. Total Effects

Std. Indirect Effects


Indirect Effects

Total Effects

ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y

L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 Y1 0.74 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.28 0.40 Y1 1.00 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.28 0.40 Y2 0.85 -0.18 Y2 -0.02 -- Y2 0.29 0.34 (0.06) (0.06) Y3 0.74 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.28 0.39 4.83 6.48 Y4 0.70 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.27 0.38 Y2 1.15 -0.23 Y2 -0.03 -- Y2 0.29 0.34 Y5 0.76 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.29 0.41 (0.09) (0.08) (0.03) (0.07) (0.07) Z1 0.11 0.79 Z1 0.11 -- Z1 0.19 0.54 12.91 -3.00 -1.18 4.41 5.12 Z2 0.11 0.80 Z2 0.11 -- Z2 0.19 0.55 Y3 0.99 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.28 0.39 Z3 0.11 0.81 Z3 0.11 -- Z3 0.19 0.56 (0.07) (0.06) (0.06)

14.71 4.83 6.48 Y4 0.95 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.27 0.38 (0.07)

(0.06) (0.06)

14.28

4.78 6.37

Comp.Std.TTL Effects

Comp.Std.INDIR.Effects

Comp.Std.TTL Effects Y5 0.84 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.29 0.41 ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y (0.03) (0.06) (0.06)

L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 17.45 4.89 6.57 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Z1 0.14 1.00 Z1 0.14 -- Z1 0.19 0.54

Y1 0.88 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.34 0.47 (0.10) (0.10) (0.06) (0.06) Y2 1.09 -0.24 Y2 -0.03 -- Y2 0.37 0.44 1.48 1.48 3.35 8.72 Y3 0.88 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.34 0.47 Z2 0.15 1.02 Z2 0.15 -- Z2 0.19 0.54 Y4 0.85 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.32 0.45 (0.10) (0.03) (0.10) (0.06) (0.06) Y5 0.92 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.35 0.49 1.48 39.49 1.48 3.34 8.65 Z1 0.13 0.98 Z1 0.13 -- Z1 0.23 0.67 Z3 0.15 1.03 Z3 0.15 -- Z3 0.19 0.56 Z2 0.13 0.97 Z2 0.13 -- Z2 0.23 0.66 (0.10) (0.02) (0.10) (0.06) (0.06) Z3 0.13 0.99 Z3 0.13 -- Z3 0.23 0.68 1.48 50.42 1.48 3.35 8.73

260

APPENDIX-U1

Path Diagram of the Competitive Serviceability Model for Logistics Providers (VN)


Latent & Constructs L1 Sources L2 Dominant-SSR L3 Service Performance Units (SPU) L4 Competitive Service Level X1 Make X4 Price Y1 Reliability Y4 Risk Avoidance Z1 Cost X2 Buy X5 Personal Y2 Rates Y5 Responsiveness Z2 Time X3 Both X6 Policy Y3 Resources Z3 Flexibility Covariance Matrix (VN) N=157 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

Y1 1.00

Y2 0.66 1.00

Y3 0.52 0.62 1.00

Y4 0.53 0.44 0.60 1.00

Y5 0.55 0.46 0.44 0.68 1.00

Z1 0.45 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.46 1.00

Z2 0.48 0.46 0.52 0.46 0.54 0.78 1.00

Z3 0.46 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.48 0.86 0.79 1.00

X1 0.28 0.33 0.28 0.02 0.15 0.17 0.28 0.20 1.00

X2 0.33 0.40 0.28 0.30 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.42 0.58 1.00

X3 0.33 0.28 0.37 0.36 0.28 0.31 0.42 0.37 0.58 0.49 1.00

X4 0.37 0.31 0.41 0.41 0.27 0.50 0.45 0.48 0.18 0.34 0.31 1.00

X5 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.29 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.21 0.34 0.26 0.73 1.00

X6 0.30 0.23 0.31 0.39 0.29 0.60 0.45 0.53 0.16 0.26 0.32 0.76 0.70 1.00

Modification Steps(VN)


0 - - 166.19 71 2.341

.00000 .093

.101

1 Y4 Y5 144.56 70 2.065 .00000 .083

2 Y3 Y4 133.09 69 1.929 .00001 .077

3 L3 Z2 119.98 68 1.764 .00010 .070

4 X2 X3 109.81 67 1.639 .00076 .064

5 Y2 Y3 102.90 66 1.559 .00247 .060

6 Y1 Y2 90.21 65 1.388 .02102 .050 .039 .92 .88 .99

261

APPENDIX-U2

Lisrel Output (G2: Vietnam) TI G2=VN Goodness of Fit Statistics !DA NI=14 NO=157 MA=CM Degrees of Freedom = 65

Model AIC = 170.21




Independence CAIC = 2835.34 MO NX=6 NY=8 NK=2 NE=2 BE=FU GA=FI PS=SY TE=SY Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 25.21

Model CAIC = 332.46


Saturated CAIC = 635.91 LE

L3VN L4VN Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.58




L1VN L2VN 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.027 ; 0.35)

Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) = 0.69 FR LY(2,1) LY(3,1) LY(4,1) LY(5,1) LY(7,1) LY(7,2) LY(8,2) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.050


LX(1,1), LX(2,1) 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.020 ; 0.073)

Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.99 FR LX(3,1) LX(4,2) LX(5,2) LX(6,2) BE(2,1) GA(1,1)

GA(1,2) GA(2,1), GA(2,2) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.48


FR TE(2,1) TE(3,2) TE(4,3) TE(5,2) TE(5,4) TD(3,2)



VA 1.0 LY(6,2)











2750.55








X1 8 0 Y1 0 0 L3 0 0 L1 0 X1 34 Y1 22 X2 9 0 Y2 1 0 L4 14 0 L2 19 0 X2 0 35 Y2 23 24 X3 10 0 Y3 2 0 X3 0 36 37 Y3 0 25 26 X4 0 11 Y4 3 0 GAMMA PSI X4 0 0 0 38 Y4 0 0 27 28 X5 0 12 Y5 4 0 L1 L2 L3 L4 X5 0 0 0 0 39 Y5 0 0 0 29 30 X6 0 13 Z1 0 0 ----- ----- ----- ----- X6 0 0 0 0 0 40 Z1 0 0 0 0 0 31 Z2 5 6 L3 15 16 20 21 Z2 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 Z3 0 7 L4 17 18 Z3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33



L1 L2

L3 L4

L3 L4

L1 L2

L1 L2

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

X1

0.61 -- Y1

1.00 -- L3 -- -- L1 1.00

L3

0.23 0.31 X1 0.63 Y1

0.45

(0.09

) Y

2 0.88 -- L4 0.53 -- L2 0.38 1.00

(0.07) (0.07)

(0.01

)

(0.07

)

6.83

(0.10

) (0.13

) (0.08)

3.44 4.17

6.57

6.35

X2

0.96 --

8.80

4.09

5.01

L4

0.21 0.51 X2 -- 0.08 Y2

0.17 0.57

(0.11

) Y

3 0.92 --

(0.07) (0.08)

(0.02

) (0.18

)

(0.05

) (0.08

)

8.75

(0.12

) GAMMA PSI Matrix is

diagonal 3.13 6.71

6.58

0.46

3.22 7.29

X3

0.94 --

7.47

L1 L2

L3 L4

X3 -- -0.42 0.12 Y3

-- 0.18 0.54

(0.11

) Y

4 0.93 -- L3 0.23 0.31

0.34 0.37

(0.16

) (0.17

)

(0.05

) (0.07

)

8.58

(0.13

) (0.07

) (0.07

) (0.08) (0.06

) r2 Reduced

Form -2.62 0.6

6

3.61 7.21

X4

-- 0.88

7.34

3.44 4.17

4.43 6.12

X4 -- -- -- 0.22 Y4

-- -- 0.15 0.54

(0.07

) Y5

0.96 -- L4 0.09 0.35

L3 L4

(0.04)

(0.05)

(0.08)

13.44

(0.12

) (0.06

) (0.08

) ----- -----

5.21

3.25 7.11

X5

-- 0.82

7.69

1.39 4.46

0.37 0.45 X5 -- -- -- -- 0.32

Y5

-- -- -- 0.21 0.50

(0.07

) Z1

-- 1.00 Covariance Matrix of ETA and KSI

r2

(0.05)

(0.01)

(0.06)

12.13 Z

2 0.37 0.72

L3 L4 L1 L2 (SEM

) 6.6

8

3.74 6.73

X6

-- 0.86

-0.11 (0.08)

----- ----- ----- ----- L3

X6 -- -- -- -- -- 0.25 Z1

-- -- -- -- -- 0.15

(0.07

) 3.43 9.03 L3 0.55 0.37

(0.04

) (0.03

)

13.02 Z

3 -- 1.01 L4 0.45 0.85

5.76

4.83

(0.05

) L1 0.35 0.40 1.00 L4

Z2

-- -- -- -- -- -- 0.25

18.95 L2 0.39 0.59 0.38 1.00 0.56

(0.03

)


Variables

7.25

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Z3

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.13

0.37 0.92 0.88 0.78 0.68 0.75

0.55 0.42 0.46 0.46 0.50 0.85 0.75 0.8

7 (0.03

)

4.55


Fitted Covariance Matrix (VN)

Fitted Residuals (VN)

Standardized Residuals (VN)

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----Y11.00

Y1 0.00 Y1 --

Y20.66 1.00

Y2 0.00 0.00 Y2 0.32 0.32

Y30.52 0.62 1.00

Y3 0.01 0.00 0.00 Y3 0.54 0.09 -0.35

Y40.53 0.44 0.60 1.00

Y4 0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 Y4 1.16 -0.25 -1.41 -1.33

Y50.55 0.46 0.44 0.68 1.00

Y5 0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.01 0.00 Y5 1.22 -0.19 -1.50 -1.33 --

Z10.45 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.46 1.00

Z1 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.02 0.00 Z1 -0.22 -0.64 -0.93 -0.35 0.69 --

Z20.48 0.46 0.52 0.46 0.54 0.78 1.00

Z2 -0.05 -0.01 0.03 -0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 Z2 -2.08 -0.24 1.03 -1.12 1.41 -0.19 --

Z30.46 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.48 0.86 0.79 1.00

Z3 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 Z3 0.04 -0.20 -0.21 -0.14 1.10 -0.46 0.50 --

X10.28 0.33 0.28 0.02 0.15 0.17 0.28 0.20 1.00

X1 0.06 0.14 0.08 -0.02 -0.05 -0.08 0.03 -0.04 0.00 X1 1.27 2.55 1.54 -0.44 -1.01 -1.93 0.68 -1.11 --

X20.33 0.40 0.28 0.30 0.27 0.36 0.45 0.42 0.58 1.00

X2 0.00 0.11 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 -0.02 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 X2 -0.10 2.09 -0.55 -0.21 -1.14 -0.61 1.15 0.84 -0.12 --

X30.33 0.28 0.37 0.36 0.28 0.31 0.42 0.37 0.58 0.49 1.00

X3 0.00 -0.01 0.06 0.06 -0.04 -0.07 0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 X3 0.03 -0.22 1.24 1.17 -0.79 -1.93 0.71 -0.18 0.12 -- --

X40.37 0.31 0.41 0.41 0.27 0.50 0.45 0.48 0.18 0.34 0.31 1.00

X4 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.09 -0.06 -0.02 -0.05 -0.05 -0.02 0.02 -0.01 0.00 X4 0.56 0.01 1.85 1.87 -1.35 -0.90 -1.56 -1.79 -0.42 0.47 -0.20 --

X50.32 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.29 0.51 0.50 0.49 0.21 0.34 0.26 0.73 1.00

X5 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.05 -0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.04 -0.03 0.01 0.00 X5 -0.05 1.15 1.36 1.01 -0.35 0.74 0.73 -0.14 0.34 0.92 -0.72 0.77 --

X60.30 0.23 0.31 0.39 0.29 0.60 0.45 0.53 0.16 0.26 0.32 0.76 0.70 1.00 X6 -0.04 -0.07 -0.01 0.07 -0.04 0.09 -0.04 0.02 -0.04 -0.05 0.01 0.00 -0.010.00 X6 -0.82 -1.49 -0.12 1.51 -0.81 2.99 -1.12 0.61 -0.87 -1.16 0.27 0.59 -1.29 --

262

APPENDIX-U3

Parameter & Effects (G2: Vietnam) G2: VN = 157 Correlation Matrix


ETA

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 0.20 0.05 0.13 0.07 0.16 0.01 0.15 0.01 -0.01 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 ----- ----- ----- ----- L4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.15 0.39 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 L3 1.00

KSI

L4 0.67 1.00 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L1 0.47 0.44 1.00

L3 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.26 0.81 0.77 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 L2 0.53 0.64 0.38 1.00 L4 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.39 0.25 0.33






----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- L3 L4

----- ----- ----- ----- Largest 0.14 2.99

X1

0.61

-- Y1

0.74

-- L3

0.32

0.41

----- -----

X1

0.69

-- Y1

0.74

--

X2

0.96

-- Y2

0.65

-- L4

0.22

0.55

0.63 0.44

X2

0.96

-- Y2

0.65

-- Largest Negative Residuals

X3

0.94

-- Y3

0.68

--

X3

0.94

-- Y3

0.68

--

X4

-- 0.88

Y4

0.68

-- BETA

GAMMA

X4

-- 0.88

Y4

0.68

--

X5

-- 0.82

Y5

0.71

-- L3 L4

L1 L2

X5

-- 0.82

Y5

0.71


X6

-- 0.86

Z1 -- 0.92

----- -----

----- -----

X6

-- 0.86

Z1 -- 0.92

Residual for

X6 and Z1

2.99

Z2 0.27

0.66

L3

-- -- L3

0.32 0.41

Z2 0.27

0.66

Z3 -- 0.93

L4

0.42

-- L4

0.09 0.38

Z3 -- 0.93

Completely Standardized Solution (VN) BASIC EFFECTS



ETA ETA

L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 L3 0.23 0.31 L3

-- -- L3 -- --

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (0.07)

(0.07)

X1

0.63

Y1

0.45

3.44 4.17

X2

-- 0.08 Y2

0.18

0.58

L4 0.21 0.51 L4

0.12 0.16 L4 0.53 -- X3

-- -0.42

0.12

Y3

-- 0.18

0.54

(0.07)

(0.08)

(0.04)

(0.05)

(0.13)

X4

-- -- -- 0.22

Y4

-- -- 0.15

0.54

3.13 6.71 2.75 3.07 4.09

X5

-- -- -- -- 0.32

Y5

-- -- -- 0.21

0.50


X6

-- -- -- -- -- 0.25

Z1

-- -- -- -- -- 0.15

TE


ETA ETA

Z

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.2

5 L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4

Z3

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.13

L3 0.32 0.41 L3

-- -- L3 -- --

L4 0.22 0.55 L

4 0.13 0.17 L4 0.42 --

Std. Total Effects



Indirect Effects

Total Effects

ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y

L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 Y1 0.74 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.23 0.31 Y1 1.00 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.23 0.31 Y2 0.65 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.20 0.27 (0.07) (0.07) Y3 0.68 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.22 0.28 3.44 4.17 Y4 0.68 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.22 0.28 Y2 0.88 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.20 0.27 Y5 0.71 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.22 0.29 (0.01)

(0.06) (0.07)

Z1 0.39 0.92 Z1 0.39 -- Z1 0.21 0.51 8.80

3.35 4.02 Z2 0.55 0.66 Z2 0.28 -- Z2 0.23 0.48 Y3 0.92 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.22 0.28 Z3 0.39 0.93 Z3 0.39 -- Z3 0.21 0.52 (0.12) (0.06) (0.07)

7.47 3.38 4.08 Y4 0.93 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.22 0.28 (0.13)

(0.06) (0.07)

7.34

3.38 4.08

Comp.Std.TTL Effects


Comp.Std.TTL Effects Y5 0.96 -- Y5 -- --

Y5 0.22 0.29 ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y (0.12)

(0.03) (0.07) L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 7.69 3.41 4.13 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Z1 0.53 1.00 Z1 0.53 -- Z1 0.21 0.51

Y1 0.74 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.23 0.31 (0.13) (0.13) (0.07) (0.08) Y2 0.65 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.21 0.27 4.09 4.09 3.13 6.71 Y3 0.68 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.21 0.28 Z2 0.74 0.72 Z2 0.38 -- Z2 0.23 0.48 Y4 0.68 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.21 0.28 (0.13) (0.08) (0.10) (0.06) (0.07) Y5 0.71 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.22 0.29 5.65 9.03 3.96 3.62 6.65 Z1 0.39 0.92 Z1 0.39 -- Z1 0.21 0.51 Z3 0.53 1.01 Z3 0.53 -- Z3 0.21 0.52 Z2 0.55 0.66 Z2 0.28 -- Z2 0.23 0.48 0.13 (0.05) (0.13) (0.07) (0.08) Z3 0.39 0.93 Z3 0.39 -- Z3 0.21 0.52 4.09 18.95 4.09 3.13 6.73

263

APPENDIX-V1

Path Diagram of the Competitive Serviceability Model for Logistics Providers (CN)


Latent & Constructs L1 Sources L2 Dominant-SSR L3 Service Performance Units (SPU) L4 Competitive Service Level X1 Make X4 Price Y1 Reliability Y4 Risk Avoidance Z1 Cost X2 Buy X5 Personal Y2 Rates Y5 Responsiveness Z2 Time X3 Both X6 Policy Y3 Resources Z3 Flexibility

Covariance Matrix (CN)

N=193 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

Y1 0.35

Y2 0.27 0.34

Y3 0.21 0.25 0.40

Y4 0.18 0.21 0.32 0.41

Y5 0.26 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.38

Z1 0.19 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.46

Z2 0.21 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.42 0.49

Z3 0.18 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.42 0.41 0.44

X1 0.18 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.49

X2 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.42 0.65

X3 0.17 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.37 0.39 0.52

X4 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.21 0.21 0.13 0.55

X5 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.44 0.57

X6 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.38 0.39 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.19 0.48 0.49 0.68

Modification Steps(CN)


0 - - 221.97 71 3.126

.00000 .105

.101

1 Y3 Y4 151.08 70 2.158 .00000 .078

2 Y2 Y5 120.26 69 1.743 .00013 .062

3 Y4 Y5 100.92 68 1.484 .00588 .050

4 X2 X6 88.26 67 1.317 .04197 .041

5 Y2 Y3 86.31 66 1.308 .04746 .040 .044 .94 .90 1.0

264

APPENDIX-V2

Lisrel Output (G3: China) TI G3=CN Goodness of Fit Statistics !DA NI=14 NO=193 MA=CM Degrees of Freedom = 66

Model AIC = 164.31


Saturated AIC = 210.00 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 / Normal Theory Weighted Least Squares Chi-Square = 86.31 (P = 0.047)


MO NX=6 NY=8 NK=2 NE=2 BE=FU GA=FI PS=SY TE=SY Estimated Non-centrality Parameter (NCP) = 20.31

Model CAIC = 330.55 TD=SY 90 Percent Confidence Interval for NCP = (0.26 ; 48.45)


LE

L3CN L4CN Minimum Fit Function Value = 0.47



Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) = 0.99 L1CN L2CN 90 Percent Confidence Interval for F0 = (0.014 ; 0.25)


FR LY(2,1) LY(3,1) LY(4,1) LY(5,1) LY(7,2) LY(8,2) Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.040

Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 1.00 LX(1,1), LX(2,1) LX(3,1) 90 Percent Confidence Interval for RMSEA = (0.0046 ; 0.062)


FR LX(4,2) LX(5,2) LX(6,2) BE(2,1) GA(1,1)

GA(1,2) GA(2,1), GA(2,2) TE(4,3) P-Value for Test of Close Fit (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.75


FR TE(5,2) TE(5,4) TD(5,2) TD(6,2)



VA 1.0 LY(6,2)











4608.66








X1 7 0 Y1 0 0 L3 0 0 L1 0 X1 32 Y1 21 X2 8 0 Y2 1 0 L4 13 0 L2 18 0 X2 0 33 Y2 0 22 X3 9 0 Y3 2 0 X3 0 0 34 Y3 0 0 23 X4 0 10 Y4 3 0 GAMMA PSI X4 0 0 0 35 Y4 0 0 27 28 0 0 24 25 X5 0 11 Y5 4 0 L1 L2 L3 L4 X5 0 36 0 0 37 Y5 0 26 0 27 28 X6 0 12 Z1 0 0 ----- ----- ----- ----- X6 0 38 0 0 0 39 Z1 0 0 0 0 0 29 Z2 0 5 L3 14 15 19 20 Z2 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 Z3 0 6 L4 16 17 Z3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31



L1 L2

L3 L4

L3 L4

L1 L2

L1 L2

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

X1

0.65 -- Y1

1.00 -- L3 -- -- L1 1.00

L3

0.16 0.14 X1 0.07 Y1

0.11

(0.04

) Y

2 1.13 -- L4 0.38 -- L2 0.53 1.00

(0.04) (0.04)

(0.02

)

(0.01

)

16.2

0

(0.07

) (0.08

) (0.06)

3.91 3.41

3.57

7.99

X2

0.66 --

15.36

4.98

8.96

L4

0.14 0.42 X2 -- 0.22 Y2

-- 0.04

(0.05

) Y

3 0.94 --

(0.04) (0.05)

(0.03

)

(0.01)

13.4

3

(0.08

) GAMMA PSI Matrix is

diagonal 3.39 8.97

7.49

2.82

X3

0.57 --

12.18

L1 L2

L3 L4

X3 -- -- 0.19 Y3

-- -- 0.18

(0.04

) Y

4 0.81 -- L3 0.16 0.14

0.17 0.15

(0.02

)

(0.02

)

12.8

0

(0.08

) (0.04

) (0.04

) (0.02) (0.02

) r2 Reduced

Form 7.95

9.23

X4

-- 0.64

9.63

3.91 3.41

7.01 8.21

X4 -- -- -- 0.14 Y4

-- -- 0.13 0.24

(0.04

) Y5

1.07 -- L4 0.09 0.36

L3 L4

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.03)

14.7

8 (0.08

) (0.04

) (0.04

) ----- -----

7.29

7.24 9.75

X5

-- 0.67

13.26

2.08 8.33

0.27 0.59 X5 -- 0.03 -- -- 0.13 Y5

-- -0.07 -- 0.05 0.10

(0.04

) Z1

-- 1.00 Covariance Matrix of ETA and KSI

r2

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.01)

(0.01)

(0.02)

15.2

5 Z2

-- 0.98

L3 L4 L1 L2 (SEM)

1.50 6.84

-5.86 3.84 5.40

X6

-- 0.75

(0.04)

----- ----- ----- ----- L3

X6 -- -0.04 -- -- -- 0.12 Z1

-- -- -- -- -- 0.02

(0.05

) 27.4

8 L3 0.24

0.27

(0.02

) (0.02

) (0.01

)

16.0

4 Z3

-- 0.97 L4 0.19 0.43

-2.31 5.86

4.42

(0.03

) L1 0.23 0.37 1.00

L4

Z2

-- -- -- -- -- -- 0.08

34.8

8 L2 0.22 0.49 0.53 1.00 0.65

(0.01

)

Squared Multiple Correlations for X - Variables

Squared Multiple Correlations for Y - Variables

8.25

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3

Z3

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.03

0.87 0.67 0.63 0.75 0.78 0.82

0.69 0.89 0.54 0.39 0.74 0.95 0.85 0.92

(0.01

)

5.95


Fitted Covariance Matrix (VN)

Fitted Residuals (VN)

Standardized Residuals (VN)

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Y10.35

Y1 0.00 Y1 --

Y20.27 0.34

Y2 0.00 0.00 Y2-0.56 --

Y30.21 0.25 0.40

Y3 -0.02 0.00 0.00 Y3-2.89 -0.90 --

Y40.18 0.21 0.32 0.41

Y4 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 Y4-1.24 -1.28 1.27 1.27

Y50.26 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.38

Y5 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 Y5 0.52 -1.03 0.85 1.26 1.03

Z10.19 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.46

Z1 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 -0.01 0.00 Z1 0.11 1.80 2.47 3.11 -0.47 --

Z20.21 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.42 0.49

Z2 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 Z2 1.99 1.78 1.75 2.30 0.28 1.98 --

Z30.18 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.42 0.41 0.44

Z3 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.05 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Z3 -0.13 0.62 2.53 2.68 -0.94 1.72 0.56 --

X10.18 0.19 0.16 0.12 0.14 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.49

X1 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.00 -0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 X1 1.76 1.58 1.15 -0.01 -1.16 2.08 1.77 0.20 --

X20.15 0.16 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.42 0.65

X2 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 X2-0.18 -0.46 -0.16 -1.20 -2.08 -1.23 -0.67 -2.01 -1.06 -0.63

X30.17 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.12 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.37 0.39 0.52

X3 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 0.00 0.01 0.00 X3 1.99 1.85 0.85 -0.36 -1.09 -0.90 -0.87 -1.64 -1.17 1.40 --

X40.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.21 0.21 0.13 0.55

X4 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.06 0.00 X4 1.26 0.03 1.08 1.39 0.03 -1.04 -0.32 -0.87 -1.13 -0.46 -2.86 --

X50.17 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.17 0.44 0.57

X5 0.02 0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.04 0.01 0.00 X5 1.13 0.46 -0.33 0.67 0.26 -0.60 -0.22 -1.52 1.35 0.34 -1.74 2.05 0.00

X60.20 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.38 0.39 0.36 0.29 0.23 0.19 0.48 0.49 0.68 X6 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 -0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 -0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 X6 1.89 1.16 1.11 1.22 -0.35 1.76 2.58 0.81 2.12 0.69 -1.56-0.75 -1.48 0.00

265

APPENDIX-V3

Parameter & Effects (G3: China)

G3: CN = 193 Correlation Matrix


ETA

Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 -0.04 0.59 0.07 -0.14 0.42 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ----- ----- ----- ----- L4 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.48 0.15 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 L3 1.00

KSI

L4 0.59 1.00 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 L1 0.47 0.55 1.00

L3 0.00 0.04 0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.83 0.28 0.25 0.00 -0.06 0.10 L2 0.45 0.75 0.53 1.00 L4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.35 0.38 0.48






----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- L3 L4

----- ----- ----- ----- Largest 0.06 3.11

X1

0.65

-- Y1

0.49

-- L3

0.32

0.28

----- -----

X1

0.93

-- Y1

0.83

--

X2

0.66

-- Y2

0.55

-- L4

0.22

0.63

0.73 0.35

X2

0.82

-- Y2

0.94

-- Largest Negative Residuals

X3

0.57

-- Y3

0.46

--

X3

0.79

-- Y3

0.73

-- Residual for

Y3 and Y1

-2.89

X4

-- 0.64

Y4

0.40

-- BETA

GAMMA

X4

-- 0.87

Y4

0.68

-- Residual for

X4 and X3

-2.86

X5

-- 0.67

Y5

0.52

-- L3 L4

L1 L2

X5

-- 0.88

Y5

0.86


X6

-- 0.75

Z1 -- 0.66

----- -----

----- -----

X6

-- 0.91

Z1 -- 0.97

Residual for

Z1 and Y4

3.11

Z2 -- 0.64

L3

-- -- L3

0.32 0.28

Z2 -- 0.92

Residual for

Z3 and Y4

2.68

Z3 -- 0.64

L4

0.28

-- L4

0.13 0.55

Z3 -- 0.96

Residual for

X6 and Z2

2.58

Completely Standardized Solution (CN) BASIC EFFECTS



ETA ETA

L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Z1 Z2 Z3 L3

0.16 0.14 L3

-- -- L3

-- --

----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (0.04)

(0.04)

X1

0.13

Y1

0.31

3.91 3.41

X2

-- 0.33 Y2

-- 0.11 L4

0.14 0.42 L4

0.06 0.05 L4

0.38 --

X3

-- -- 0.37

Y3

-- -- 0.46

(0.04)

(0.05)

(0.02)

(0.02)

(0.08)

X4

-- -- -- 0.25

Y4

-- -- 0.33

0.61

3.39 8.97 3.09 2.96 4.98

X5

-- 0.04 -- -- 0.22

Y5

-- -0.18

-- 0.13

0.26


X6

-- -0.06

-- -- -- 0.18

Z1

-- -- -- -- -- 0.05

TE


ETA ETA

Z

2 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.1

5 L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L4

Z3

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.08

L3

0.32 0.28 L3

-- -- L3

-- --

L

4 0.22 0.63 L

4 0.09 0.08 L

4 0.28 --

Std. Total Effects



Indirect Effects

Total Effects

ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2

Y1 0.49 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.16 0.14 Y1 1.00 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.16 0.14 Y2 0.55 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.18 0.15 (0.04) (0.04) Y3 0.46 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.15 0.13 3.91 3.41 Y4 0.40 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.13 0.11 Y2 1.13 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.18 0.15 Y5 0.52 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.17 0.15 (0.07)

(0.04) (0.04)

Z1 0.18 0.66 Z1 0.18 -- Z1 0.14 0.42 15.36

3.99 3.47 Z2 0.18 0.64 Z2 0.18 -- Z2 0.14 0.41 Y3 0.94 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.15 0.13 Z3 0.18 0.64 Z3 0.18 -- Z3 0.14 0.40 (0.08) (0.04) (0.04)

12.18 3.85 3.37 Y4 0.81 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.13 0.11 (0.08)

(0.03) (0.03)

9.63

3.74 3.30 Comp.Std.TTL Effects


Comp.Std.TTL Effects Y5 1.07 -- Y5 -- --

Y5 0.17 0.15

ETA on Y

ETA on Y

KSI on Y (0.08) (0.04) (0.04)

L3 L4 L3 L4 L1 L2 13.26

3.95 3.44 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Z1 0.38 1.00 Z1 0.38 -- Z1 0.14 0.42

Y1 0.83 -- Y1 -- -- Y1 0.27 0.23 (0.08) (0.08) (0.04) (0.05) Y2 0.94 -- Y2 -- -- Y2 0.30 0.26 4.98 4.98 3.39 8.97 Y3 0.73 -- Y3 -- -- Y3 0.24 0.20 Z2 0.37 0.98 Z2 0.37 -- Z2 0.14 0.41 Y4 0.63 -- Y4 -- -- Y4 0.20 0.17 (0.07) (0.04) (0.07) (0.04) (0.05) Y5 0.86 -- Y5 -- -- Y5 0.28 0.24 4.94 27.48 4.94 3.38 8.73 Z1 0.27 0.97 Z1 0.27 -- Z1 0.21 0.61 Z3 0.36 0.97 Z3 0.36 -- Z3 0.14 0.40 Z2 0.26 0.92 Z2 0.26 -- Z2 0.20 0.58 (0.07) (0.03) (0.07) (0.04) (0.05) Z3 0.27 0.96 Z3 0.27 -- Z3 0.21 0.61 4.97 34.88 4.97 3.39 8.91

266

APPENDIX-V4

The Measurement Model and Validity

G1: Thailand Constructed

Factors Factor Loading ** p < .01

t > 2.58 R2

Factor Scores Regression b B SE

X1 0.73 0.96 0.05 16.20 0.93 0.84 X2 0.68 0.89 0.05 14.13 0.79 0.26 X3 0.55 0.76 0.05 11.23 0.58 0.12

X4 0.81 0.93 0.05 15.51 0.87 0.30 X5 0.89 0.92 0.06 15.14 0.85 0.21 X6 0.88 0.96 0.05 16.30 0.92 0.45

Y1 1 0.88 0.00 -- 0.78 0.10 Y2 1.18 1.12 0.10 11.70 0.89 0.37 Y3 0.99 0.88 0.07 14.71 0.78 0.15 Y4 0.95 0.85 0.07 14.28 0.71 -0.08 Y5 1.03 0.92 0.06 17.45 0.85 0.31

Z1 1 0.98 0.00 -- 0.97 0.35 Z2 1.02 0.97 0.03 39.49 0.94 0.47 Z3 1.03 0.99 0.02 50.42 0.97 0.41

Maximum Likelihood: (b: factor loading), (SE: Std.Error), (T); B (Completely Standardized Solution); R2(Square Multiple (B) > .05 = Factors are at high Convergent Validity

G2: Vietnam

Constructed Factors

Factor Loading ** p < .01 t > 2.58

R2 Factor Scores

Regression b B SE X1 0.61 0.69 0.09 6.83 0.37 -0.26 X2 0.96 0.96 0.11 8.75 0.92 0.81 X3 0.94 0.94 0.11 8.58 0.88 0.77

X4 0.88 0.88 0.07 13.44 0.78 0.39 X5 0.82 0.82 0.07 12.13 0.68 0.25 X6 0.86 0.86 0.07 13.02 0.75 0.33

Y1 1.00 0.74 0.00 -- 0.55 0.20 Y2 0.88 0.65 0.10 8.80 0.42 0.05 Y3 0.92 0.68 0.12 7.47 0.46 0.13 Y4 0.93 0.68 0.13 7.34 0.46 0.07 Y5 0.96 0.71 0.12 7.69 0.50 0.16

Z1 1.00 0.92 0.00 -- 0.85 0.36 Z2 0.72 0.66 0.08 9.03 0.75 0.15 Z3 1.01 0.93 0.05 18.95 0.87 0.39


G3: China

Constructed Factors

Factor Loading ** p < .01 t > 2.58

R2 Factor Scores

Regression b B SE X1 0.65 0.93 0.04 16.20 0.87 0.83 X2 0.66 0.82 0.05 13.43 0.67 0.28 X3 0.57 0.79 0.04 12.80 0.63 0.25

X4 0.64 0.87 0.04 14.78 0.75 0.35 X5 0.67 0.88 0.04 15.25 0.78 0.38 X6 0.75 0.91 0.05 16.04 0.82 0.48

Y1 1.00 0.83 0.00 -- 0.69 -0.04 Y2 1.13 0.94 0.07 15.36 0.89 0.59 Y3 0.94 0.73 0.08 12.18 0.54 0.07 Y4 0.81 0.68 0.08 9.63 0.39 -0.14 Y5 1.07 0.86 0.08 13.26 0.74 0.42

Z1 1.00 0.97 0.00 -- 0.95 0.48 Z2 0.98 0.92 0.04 27.48 0.85 0.15 Z3 0.97 0.96 0.03 34.88 0.92 0.32


267

APPENDIX-W1

Latent & Measured Items

Latent 1: SST: Strategic Sourcing Techniques

X1 X2 and X3

Table L1.1 Strategic Sourcing (N =509)

MOB Thailand Vietnam China Total TH (509) VN (509) CN (509) Total%

Consol 65 6 27 98 12.77% 1.18% 5.30% 19.25%

Co-load 37 38 103 178 7.27% 7.47% 20.24% 34.97%

Both 57 113 63 233 11.20% 22.20% 12.38% *45.78%

(All) 159 157 193 509 31.24% 30.84% 37.92% 100%

Thailand: Most of them selected to “MAKE” own consolidation service, followed by

applied both M&B strategy. The strategy of “Only BUY” are approximately only 7% same to

Vietnamese.

Vietnam: Most of them applied “BOTH” were the highest of all groups (22.20%), and

very less in doing own “make” (1.18% from the whole samples N=509).

China: Most of them applied “BUY” only (20.24%), and utilized “Both” methods as half

of the group of “buy only” (12.38%).

Table L1.2 Make or Buy by Country (n = 159/157/193)

MOB Thailand Vietnam China Total TH (159) VN (157) CN (193)

Consol 65 6 27 98 *40.88% 3.82% 13.99%

Co-load 37 38 103 178 23.27% 24.20% *53.37%

Both 57 113 63 233 35.85% *71.97% 32.64%

(Total) 159 157 193 509 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

By country, and in percentages, table 4.8 showed that Thailand: Most 40.88% were

“Make”; Vietnam: Most 71.97% were “Both”; China: Most 53.37% were “Buy”.

Then: SST = (TH = Make / VN = Both / CN = Buy)

268

APPENDIX-W2


Latent 2: Dominant Power Influencers (Method selection)

Why selected for X4 X5 and X6 ?

Table L2.1 Dominant Decision in Sourcing (SST): ALL (N = 509)

DM.MOB Thailand Vietnam China Total TH

(509)

VN

(509)

CN

(509)

Total%

My Own 44 21 34 99 8.64% 4.13% 6.68% 19.45%

Staff/Fr iend 32 13 20 65 6.29% 2.55% 3.93% 12.77%

Manager 28 80 44 152 5.50% 15.72% 8.64% *29.86%

Off. Policy 55 43 95 193 10.81% 8.45% 18.66% **37.92%

(All) 159 157 193 509 31.24% 30.84% 37.92% 100.00%

Outcome: Selection for Str ategic Sourcing Technique (SST)

Between Groups (All)

Thailand: select the office “Policy” comes first (10.81%) was same to China (18.66%),

but follow by “Own decision” while China selected their secondary option as “Manager”

Vietnam: select their “Manager” comes first, and then follows the office “policy”, they

were less to listen to their “friends” than better self decision same to China.

China: “Policy” comes first, and then follows by “Manager” instruction.

Within Group (by Nation) – Focus on Secondary Option

Thailand: (beside the office “policy”), they have their own self-confidence (27.67%),

listen more on their “Staff & Friends” than follow their “manager” instruction.

Vietnam: select “Manager” / “Policy” / “Own” / “Friends” respectively.

China: select “Policy” / “Manager” / “Own” / “Friends” respectively.

269

APPENDIX-W3


Latent 2: Dominant Power Influencers (Supplier s selection)

Why selected that supplier?

Table L2.2 Dominant Decision in Selected Supplier Relationship (SSR): ALL (N = 509)

DM.SELEC Thailand Vietnam China Total TH

(509)

VN

(509)

CN

(509)

Total%

My Own 58 42 48 148 *11.39% 8.25% 9.43% *29.08%

Staff/Friend 34 8 19 61 #6.68% 1.57% 3.73% 11.98%

Manager 28 75 68 171 5.50% *14.73% *13.36% **33.6%

Off. Policy 39 32 58 129 7.66% 6.29% *11.39% *25.34%

(All) 159 157 193 509 31.24% 30.84% 37.92% 100.00%

Outcome: Supplier Selection & Relationship (SSR)

Between Groups (All)

Thailand: select the “Own decision” comes first (11.39%) then “policy” (7.66%), others

were quite not much differences “policy”, “friends”, “manager” (7.66%, 6.68%, and 5.50%).

Vietnam: select their “Manager” comes first, and then follows by “Own decision”

(8.25%) near to “policy” (6.29%). And they were less to listen to their “friends” same as China.

China: “Manager” comes first and near to “Policy” instruction.

Within Group (by Nation) – Focus on Secondary Option

Thailand: (beside “Own”), they see the “Policy” (24.53%), listen more on their “Staff &

Friends” (21.38%), while their “managers” were meaningless (17.61%).

Vietnam: select “Manager” as highest (47.77%) / “Own” or “Policy” (26.75% and

20.38%) / “Friends” were very less at only 5.10%.

China: select “Manager” and “Policy” (35.23% and 30.05%) / “Own” (24.87%) quite

near to Vietnam (26.75%) / “Friends” were very less at only 9.84%.

Highlight (Relationship): A Thai Manager is Meaningless

Friends for Vietnam & China were Meaningless in both Strategy and Relationship

Selections

270

APPENDIX-X


LEVELs of FOCUS

5 Levels of Mean Scores:

1.00-1.50 = very low

1.51-2.50 = low

2.51-3.50 = moderate

3.51-4.50 = high

4.51-5.00 = very high

Table L2.3 Level of Dominant Power on Overall

Overall Mean Level TH Level VN Level CN Level

3 Ports.MOB 2.27 Moderate 1.95 Low *2.68 Moderate 2.19 Low

DM.MOB 2.07 Low *2.33 Low 2.03 Low 1.89 Low

DM.Select 2.28 Low *2.55 Moderate 2.17 Low 2.15 Low

3P Focus Mean Level TH Level VN Level CN Level

Price 3.627 High 3.509 High 3.25 Moderate *4.03 High

People 3.552 High *3.736 High 3.41 Moderate 3.52 High

Policy 3.503 Moderate 3.352 Moderate *3.55 High 3.59 High

Table L2.4 Level of Dominant Power on SSR

3M Var.

ALL TH VN CN

Mean S.D. Level Mean S.D. Level Mean S.D. Level Mean S.D. Level

Money 3.904 .835 High 3.845 .896 High 3.748 .701 High 4.080 .855 High

Man 3.780 .814 High 3.805 .961 High 3.595 .635 High 3.911 .787 High

Management 3.644 .902 High 3.584 1.08 High 3.573 .674 High 3.751 .897 High

271

APPENDIX-Y

INVARIANCE MODEL TEST

Items – Descriptive Statistics& Level

All are at HIGH LEVEL, except only item “BUY2” = MODERATE

Descr iptive Statistics Means by Items (SST)

Strategy ALL Mean

Standard Deviation

TH Mean

VN Mean

CN Mean

Make1 3.695 1.113 3.717 3.758 3.627 Make2 4.110 .918 4.038 4.210 4.088 Make Consol 3.903 .855 3.877 3.984 3.858 Buy1 3.694 1.098 *3.415 3.675 3.938 Buy2* *3.389 1.056 *3.459 *3.210 *3.477 Buy Co-load 3.541 .880 3.437 3.443 3.707 Both1 3.888 1.034 3.811 4.089 3.788 Both2 3.943 .977 3.830 4.013 3.979 Both M&B 3.916 .862 3.821 4.051 3.883 Sourcing Method 3.787 .677 3.712 3.826 3.816 Valid N (listwise) 509 159 157 193

Means by Items (DOM)

Selection ALL Mean

Standard Deviation

TH Mean

VN Mean

CN Mean

Price Focus1 3.933 .911 3.818 3.790 4.145 Price Focus2 3.876 .913 3.874 3.707 4.016 Money Focus 3.905 .836 3.846 3.748 4.080 People Focus1 4.045 .849 4.000 3.955 4.155 People Focus2 3.517 1.047 3.610 *3.236 3.668 Man Focus 3.781 .814 3.805 3.596 3.912 Policy Focus1 3.556 1.004 3.572 *3.446 3.632 Policy Focus2 3.733 .986 3.597 3.701 3.870 Management Focus 3.644 .902 3.585 3.573 3.751 Dominant Power 3.777 .734 3.745 3.639 3.915 Valid N (listwise) 509 159 157 193

Means by Items (SVL)

Competitive ALL Mean

Standard Deviation

TH Mean

VN Mean

CN Mean

SVL_Cost 3.912 .919 3.692 3.688 4.275 SVL_Time 3.908 .944 3.516 3.873 4.259 SVL_Flex 3.996 .905 3.686 3.949 4.290 Service Level 3.939 .821 3.631 3.837 4.275 Valid N (listwise) 509 159 157 193

Highlight: C/T/F = (All) = 3/1/2 (TH) = 1/3/2, (VN) = 3/2/1, (CN) = 3/1/2

272

APPENDIX-Z1

Invar iance Model Tests

(All parameters = Invariance 9 investigated hypotheses)

The hypothesis test on ∆X2

Different Chi-Square (Delta on X2 – test) to investigate the differences of variance parameters in the matrix and

covariance matrix (alpha value < .05 = no significantly differences)

H0: Covar iance p < .05 (Model is Invariance)

H1: Covar iance p >= .05 (Model is variance)

Alpha < .05 in critical table of Chi-square means there is no significantly differences in variance by

fixed parameters (the model was congruent with the exploratory data).

Table A. Invariance Model Analysis

Hypo. Model X2 df X

2/df p RMSEA NFI CFI RFI ∆∆∆∆ ∆∆∆∆ Cr itical

1. INVARIANCE 219.77 174 1.263 0.0110 0.028 0.99 1.00 0.99 X2

k-(k-1) df2

k-(k-1) X2

.05

2. (1)+LX = IN 239.34 186 1.287 0.0051 0.029 0.99 1.00 0.99 19.57 12 21.00

3. (2)+LY = IN 256.35 202 1.269 0.0058 0.028 0.99 1.00 0.99 17.01 16 26.30

4. (3)+PH = IN 262.02 204 1.284 0.0038 0.029 0.99 1.00 0.99 5.67 2 5.99

5. (4)+GA = IN 280.02 212 1.321 0.0012 0.031 0.99 1.00 0.99 18.00 8 15.50

6. (5)+BE = IN 282.21 214 1.319 0.0012 0.031 0.99 1.00 0.99 2.19 2 5.99

7. (6)+PS = IN 300.65 218 1.379 0.0002 0.033 0.99 1.00 0.99 18.44 4 9.49

8. (7)+TD = IN 338.54 240 1.411 0.0000 0.035 0.99 1.00 0.99 37.89 22 33.90

9. (8)+TE = IN 391.00 268 1.459 0.0000 0.037 0.99 1.00 0.99 52.46 28 41.30

The investigations on multiple groups for competitiveness of logistics providers, the invariance models were

tested on 9 hypotheses investigations (alpha at .05).

H0: Model and parameters are invariance.

H1: Model and parameters are variance.

Critical values of Chi-Square Probability Distribution = X2

a = .05 or Significant P= X2

.05

273

APPENDIX-Z2


9 Hypotheses

Hypothesis-1 (IN) = Support H0: Model is Invariance

X2/df = 1.263 (< 2.0) NFI=.99 CFI=1.00 RFI=.99 (Near 1.0) RMSE =0.028 (Near 0) = the Casual Model is

Invariance and congruent to the exploratory data of all three nations.

Hypothesis-2 (LX) = Support H0: parameters in LX metric are Invariance

The second hypothesis tested on LX of KSI by fixed as Invariance on LX Metrics of all groups.

The second hypothesis valued X2= 239.34 df=186 X

2/df = 1.287 (< 2.0) NFI=.99 CFI=1.00 RFI=.99

(Near 1.0) p=.0051 RMSE =0.029 (Near 0). The test on differences of Chi-square in hypothesis 2 and 1 (∆X2

2-1

= 19.57 ∆df2-1 =12 p<.05) then Support H0: No significantly differences (the critical value was 21.0 at df=12

and alpha=.05). Hence, the major models of all three nations were support the exploratory data as good fitted,

congruent to the research data, and parameters (LX) among groups were invariance.

Hypothesis-3 (LY) = Support H0: parameters in LY metric are Invariance

The third hypothesis tested on LY of ETA by fixed as Invariance on LY Metrics of all groups.

The third hypothesis valued X2= 256.35 df=202 X

2/df = 1.269 (< 2.0) NFI=.99 CFI=1.00 RFI=.99

(Near 1.0) p=.0058 RMSE =0.028 (Near 0). The test on differences of Chi-square in hypothesis 3 and 2 (∆X2

3-

2= 17.01 ∆df3-2 =16 p<.05) then Support H0: No significantly differences (the critical value was 26.3 at df=16

and alpha=.05). Hence, the major models of all three nations were support the exploratory data as good fitted,

congruent to the research data, and parameters (LY) among groups were invariance.

Hypothesis-4 (PH) = Support H0: parameters in PH metric are Invariance

PH = variance and co-variance metric of ETA

Differences on hypothesis 4 and 3 (∆X2

4-3= 5.67 ∆df4-3 =2 p<.05) Hypthesis-4 Support H0: No

significantly differences (the critical value was 5.99 at df=2 and alpha=.05). Hence, the major models of all

three nations were support the exploratory data as good fitted, congruent to the research data, and parameters

(PH) among groups were invariance.

Hypothesis-5 (GA) = Support H0: parameters in GA metric are Invariance (KSI to ETA)


5-4 = 18.0 ∆df5-4 =8 p<.05)

Hypthesis-5 Support H0: No significantly differences (the critical value =15.5, df=8, alpha=.05).

274

APPENDIX-Z3


Hypothesis-6 (BE) = Support H0: parameters in BE metric are Invariance (ETA to ETA)


6-5= 2.19 ∆df6-5 =2 p<.05)


Hypothesis-7 (PS) = Support H0: parameters in PS metric are Invariance (cov.ETA)


7-6 = 18.44 ∆df7-6 =4 p<.05)


Hypothesis-8 (TD) = Support H0: parameters in TD metric are Invariance (cov.d of KSI)


8-7 = 37.89 ∆df8-7 =22 p<.05)

Hypthesis-8 Support H0:No significantly differences (the critical value =33.9, df=22, alpha=.05).

Hypothesis-9 (TE) = Support H0: parameters in TE metric are Invariance (cov.e of ETA)


9-8= 52.46 ∆df9-8 =28 p<.05)


All 9 hypotheses supported the Invariance model for all three nations (TH / VN / CN) with all parameters were

invariance: LX LY PH GA BE PS TD TE =IN

Table B. Goodness of Fit Index and Contr ibution to Chi-Square

Group Chi. Square df X2/df P-Value RMSEA NFI CFI RFI GFI

(All) 72.75 62 1.173 0.1650 0.018 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.98

(3G) 258.81 199 1.30 0.0028 0.030 0.99 1.00 0.99 Contr ib.

100.00% Group Chi. Square df X2/df P-Value RMSEA RMR SRMR GFI

S1 116.18 199 0.583 0.0028 0.030 0.13 0.25 0.95 43.91%

S2 72.21 199 0.363 0.0028 0.030 0.12 0.21 0.97 27.29%

S3 76.22 199 0.383 0.0028 0.030 .0098 0.23 0.97 28.80%

--- End of Invariance Model Investigations ---

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