Eastman Provista™ copolymers

Extrusion of tubes and profiles

Contents

Eastman Provista™ copolymers—Extrusion of tubes and profiles 1

Applications 1

Description 1

Drying 1

Typeofdryer 2

Extruder 3

Figure1—Typicalextruder 3

Screwdesign 4

Extrudertemperatureprofile 4

Pipeandtubingdiedesign 5

Figure2—Typicaloffsetdie 5

Figure3—Typicalstraight-throughpipedie 5

Figure4—Diedesignforthin-walltubing 6

Drawdown 6

Vacuumsizing 7

Figure5—Tubingextrusionlineusingvacuumsizing 7

Sizingandquenching 7

Cutting 8

Figure6—Hot-airovenforimprovedcutting 8

Regrind 8

Purging 9

Regulatoryinformation 9

ApplicationsEastmanProvista™copolymerscombinesparkling

claritywithexcellenttoughnessandchemicalresistance,

makingthemappropriateforavarietyofapplications

ShapesandprofilesextrudedfromProvistacopolymers

exhibitexcellenttransparence,clarity,andphysical

propertiesappropriateforpricingchannels,signage,trim,

POPstructures,electronicpackaging,tubes,medical,and

variousotherapplications

TheprocessingcharacteristicsofEastmanProvista™

copolymersaresimilartothoseofmanyother

thermoplastics Inaddition,Provistacopolymersgive

highmeltstrength,thusenhancingtheirprocessibility

intheextrusionofprofiles

DescriptionEastmanProvista™copolymersareclear,amorphous

polymersthatareglycol-modifiedpoly(ethylene

terephthalate) Themodificationismadebyaddinga

secondglycol,cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM),during

thepolymerizationstages Thesecondglycolisaddedin

theproperproportiontoproduceanamorphouspolymer

Additionalmodificationhasbeendonetoincreasethe

meltstrengthofthepolymer

EastmanProvista™copolymerswillnotcrystallizeand

thusofferwiderprocessinglatitudethanconventional

crystallizablepolyesters Plasticizersorstabilizersarenot

requiredinthispolymer

DryingForsuccessfulextrusionofEastmanProvista™copolymers,

drythepelletsbeforeprocessing Itissuggestedthatdryair

beusedtotransferpelletstoeliminateairleakagefromor

intotheclosedloopdryersystem

Asinthecaseofallthermoplasticpolyesters,Eastman

Provista™copolymersaresubjecttohydrolysiswhenthey

areinthemoltenstateduringprocessing Thishydrolysis

resultsinadecreaseinmolecularweightthatisreflected

byaloweringofphysicalproperties,especiallytoughness

Topreventhydrolysisduringtheextrusionprocess,Provista

copolymersmustbethoroughlydried Themoisturelevel

shouldbe0 04%orless

Dryingthematerialinadehumidifyingdryerata

temperatureof65°C(150°F)toreducethemoisture

contenttoalevel(0 04%maximum)thatwillprevent

significanthydrolysisinprocessingequipmentoperating

at195°–275°C(380°–525°F) Normally4hoursdrying

timeissufficient;however,extendeddryingtimesmaybe

requiredinhumidareasorwhenusingless-than-optimal

dryingequipment Dryertemperatureshouldnotexceed

65°C(150°F)topreventpelletsfromsofteningandsticking

togetherinthehopper

Eastman Provista™ copolymers Extrusion of tubes and profiles

1

Type of dryerThemostpracticalproductionsystemfordryingpellets

isahopperdryer Moderndryersuseamolecularsieve

desiccantmaterialinsmallbeadform Thedesiccantis

placedinthereturnair(orintake)streamofthedryerin

2ormorebedsorcanisters Onebedisonstreamremoving

moisturefromthereturnprocessairwhilethesecondbed

isbeingregenerated(dried)athightemperaturesby

secondaryheaters Severalcompaniessupplydryersto

theplasticsindustry

Itisimportantthatthedryerhavethecorrectdesign

requirementsfortheplasticmaterialbeingprocessed

EastmanProvista™copolymersshouldbedriedata

maximumtemperatureof65°C(150°F) Careshouldbe

takentoobtainadryerthatcanbeaccuratelycontrolled

todeliverairatthattemperatureassomedryerstendto

cycleuncontrollablyhotter Aninlettemperaturegauge

isausefuladditiontothedryinghopper

Dryairprovidessignificantlymoreefficientdryingthan

ambientair,particularlyduringhumidsummermonths

Consequently,adesiccant-typedryerisrequired Thistype

ofdryerprovidesdryingairwithadewpointof–40°C

(–40°F)orlower Dewpointisanabsolutemeasureofair

moistureandisindependentofairtemperature Dewpoint,

notrelativehumidity,shouldalwaysbespecifiedregarding

airdryness Itisworththesmalladditionalcostto

incorporateadewpointmonitor,whichisanoption

availableonmoderndryers

Thedryinghoppershouldbelargeenoughtoallow

adequatedryingtimeforthepellets Forexample,ifthe

typicalthroughputoftheextruderis45kg(100lb)per

hour,a278-kg(600-lb)capacityhopperisusedfora6-hour

dryingtime Agooddryinghopperhasascreenandcone

systeminthebottomtoassureuniformairflowthrough

thepelletbed Itisalsodesignedtoprovideanevenflow

ofpelletsfromtoptobottom(plugflow)aswellasan

air-lockloadingsystem Insulatedhoppersshouldbeused

tomaintainthepelletbedattheinletairtemperature

Vacuumloadersshouldbeusedtofeedtheregrindand

pelletsfromtheloader/blendertothedryinghopperand

thentotheextruderhopper Anotherapproachistousea

centraldryer/blendersystemtoserveseveralextruders

Thematerialfromacentralsystemcanbetransferred

automaticallytothehoppersofseveralmachinesorthe

driedmaterialmaybeloadedintocleandrumsandmoved

toindividualmachines

Dryersarespecifiedaccordingtotheirblowercapacityin

cubicmeters(m3)(cubicfeet[ft3])perminute(m3/min

[cfm])ofairdelivery Agooddryerdesigncriterionallows

0 062(m3/min)/kg/h(1 0cfmperlb/h)ofmaterialtobe

extruded Forexample,if45kg/h(100lb/h)ofmaterialis

tobeextruded,aminimumblowercapacityof2 8m3/min

(100cfm)isused Adryerwithablowercapacityof

2 8m3/min(100cfm)shouldbeconsideredthesmallest

sizeforanyuser Smallercapacitydryersshouldnotbe

usedbecausetheymaynotprovidesufficientairflowto

preventexcessiveheatlosses

Dryerrequirementscanbesummarizedas

•Typeofdryer:automatic,desiccant

•Airdryness:dewpointof–40°C(–40°F)orlower

•Airtemperature:maximum65°C(150°F)atthe

hopperinlet

•Circulation:0 062(m3/min)/kg/h(1 0cfmperlb/h)

ofplastictobedriedandnotlessthan2 8m3/min

(100ft3/min)perunit

•Monitors:(a)hopperinletthermometer,(b)dew

pointmonitor

•Hoppersize:6–10timesthehourlypoundagetobe

dried(Hold-upcapacitydependsonaverageincoming

pelletmoisturecontent )

•Hoppershape:forgoodairandpelletflow,atall,

slenderhoppershouldbeusedversusashort,large

diameterdesign

2

ExtruderEastmanProvista™copolymersrequirethesamefeeding,

melting,compression,andmeteringprocessesasthose

requiredbyotherthermoplastics Thescrewattheentry

point(Zone1)shouldbeheatedtoatleast165°C(329°F)

Caremustbetakentopreventoverheatinginthefeedzone

becauseprematuremeltingandscrew“roping”mayoccur

Feedthroatcoolingisrecommended,andoccasionally,

internalscrewcoolingofthefirst3or4flightsmaybe

necessary Asthepelletsareconveyeddowntheextruder

barrelbythescrew,additionalheatingandcompression

occurfollowedbyameteringzone Atypicalextruderis

showninFigure1

Itissuggestedthatanextruderbeselectedwithalength-

to-diameterratioofatleast24:1

Sincethediameteroftheextruderbarreldeterminesthe

availableheatingareaandmaterialoutputoftheextruder,

largemachinesupto6 35cm(2 5in )aretypicallyusedin

productionsituations

Anominalscreenpackisusedwhenextrudingshapesand

profilesfromEastmanProvista™copolymers;i e ,one

40-mesh,one60-mesh,andone80-meshscreen Theuse

ofafinermesh,denserscreenpackcanincreasethemelt

temperaturerangeabovethatsuggestedforthematerial

unlessanadditionalfilterareaisused

3

Temperature control panelfor extruder and die

Bimetallic steelcylinder (barrel)

Electrical outletsfor die heatersand accessories

Resistance heatersin aluminum housing(air cooling preferred)

Breakerplate andscreens

Insulatedhousing

Reductiongears

Screw cooling

Dry airinlet

Dry air

Dry air at 65ºC (150ºF)

Throat cooling

Feed screw

Drive motor

Airflow

Airflow control screen

Electrical air heaterHopper

Figure1—Typicalextruder

Screw designEastmanProvista™copolymerscanbesuccessfully

extrudedbyusingeitherasingle-stagesquarepitchor

barrierscrewdesign

Forexample,experimentalworkonprofileandtubing

extrusionsinEastman’slaboratoryhasbeendoneona

6 35-cm(2 5-in )extruderwitha24:1L/Dratiousing

thefollowingbarrierscrewdesign

•5feedflights12 2-mm(0 480-in )deep

•4transitionflights

•13 5meteringflights2 5-mm(0 098-in )deep

•Anoverallcompressionratioof2 5:1

Note:The term “overall compression ratio” only applies to

a barrier screw and is calculated using the metering and feed

zone flight depths. In reality, the true compression ratio is

unknown due to the variable degree of compression the melt

experiences throughout the barrier section.

Whiletheuseofanexistingscrewmaybepossible,

thedegreeofsuccessdependsontherequiredmelt

temperature,outputrate,andproductquality Surging,

poorhomogenization,excessiveloadonthedrivemotor,

andextrudatevoidsmaybecausedbyscrewswith

excessivelyhighcompressionratios,excessivelydeepfeed

zones,orpossiblytoomanytransitionflights Limited

evaluationsmayoftenbeconductedunderless-than-

optimumconditionsbyusinginternalscrewcooling,

reversetemperatureprofiles,orstarve–feeding

Extruder temperature profileMaintaining clarityThefollowingrelationshipsmustbeconsideredwhen

determininganoptimumtemperatureprofileforEastman

Provista™copolymers

•Increaseprocessingtemperaturesasthroughputis

increased

•Higherprocessingtemperaturesmaybenecessaryto

preventmeltfracture

•Thinnerpartwallthicknesseswillrequirehigher

processingtemperatures

Atypicaltemperatureprofileforthegivendiedimensions

andthroughputisprovidedasastartingpoint Adjustments

mightbenecessaryinspecificinstancestoconformtothe

precedingcriteria 1

Extruder:6 35cm(2 5in ),24:1L/D,3barrelzones,

1clamp,1diezone

Zone 1:205°C(400°F)

Zone 2:210°C(410°F)

Zone 3: 216°C(420°F)

Clamp:235°C(455°F)

Die:235°C(455°F)

Melt temperature (taken at the die): 230°C(445°F)

Die land length: 10mm(0 400in )

Die opening thickness: 2mm(0 080in )

Throughput:20kg/h(45lb/h)

1Temperatures shown in the example of a typical temperature profile may vary somewhat in other similar applications.

4

Pipe and tubing die designThediechannelsthemoltenmaterialintoatubular

profile Figure2showsatypicaloffsetdiedesign,and

Figure3showsastraightdiedesignforextrudingtubing

Theoutermostportionofthedieordiebodyholdsthe

dieringsinplace Theoutsidesurfaceofthetubingis

formedbytheinsidesurfaceoftheoutsidediering;

theinsidediering(sometimesreferredtoasthediepin)

shapestheinsidesurfaceofthetubing Dieringsurfaces

thatcontacttheplasticshouldbesmoothtoimpart

smoothsurfacestotheextrudedproduct

Arestrictionintheflowchannelisnecessarytomaintain

goodcontrolofmaterialflowthroughthedie The

restrictioninthe2diedesignsshowninFigures2and3

consistsofaraisedportionontheinsidedieringthat

reducestheflowchannelinthatareato0 40–0 75mm

(0 015–0 030in )forextrudingtubingwithwallthicknesses

of0 25–3 8mm(0 010–0 150in ) Forwallthicknesses

greaterthan3 8mm(0 150in ),therestrictedopeningis

usuallyaround1 5mm(0 060in )

5

Outside ringadjustment screws

Flow restriction

Die bodyBand heaterInside die pin

Outside die ring

Material entrance

Band heaters

Flow streamlining ring

Inside ring support

Hole for start-up orother applications

Figure2—Typicaloffsetdie

Die body

Air supplyfor start-up

Ring adjustment screws

Outside die ring

Inside die pin

Retainer ring

Flow restriction

Spider(materialdirection)

Figure3—Typicalstraight-throughpipedie

Thatportionofthedieflowchannelimmediately

followingtherestrictionisreferredtoastheland For

extrudingtubingfromEastmanProvista™copolymers,the

recommendedratiofordielandlengthtowallthickness

is10:1withadrawdownratioof1 5:1(somewhatlessis

acceptablefortubingbelow25mm[1in ]indiameter)

Intheextrusionofthin-walltubing,itmaybenecessary

tochangetheratiofordrawdownand/orlandlength-

to-wallthickness Theinsidedieringcanbeundercut,as

showninFigure4,toprovidechangestothelandlength

Theundercutareamakesavailablealargevolume,or

reservoir,ofmaterialandprovidesuniformflowofmaterial

tothedieexit

Wallthicknessuniformitycanbeachievedbymoving

theoutsidedieringwiththeadjustingscrewsshownin

Figure4ontheoutsideofthediebody

DrawdownDrawdownistheratioofthesizeoftheextrudateasit

leavesthedietothesizeofthefinishedproduct

Asmentionedbefore,thedrawdownallowanceusedinthe

extrusionoftubingfromEastmanProvista™copolymersis

about1 5:1,whichmeanstheoutsidediameterofthedie

orificeis1 5timesthediameterofthesizingplateentrance

Thethicknessdrawdown,however,hasbeenshownto

beapproximately½theoveralldrawdownratio Ifthis

turnsouttobelessthanneeded,openthewallthickness

asnecessary

Thedrawdownratioisnotaprecisefigure Reworking

thedieopeningisoftennecessarybeforeproductionquality

partscanbemadeconsistently Itisimportanttoremember

thattoomuchdrawdownshouldbeavoided,asitcancause

excessiveinternalstrainsinthefinishedproducts

ProfilesofEastmanProvista™copolymersotherthan

tubingalsorequiresimilardrawdown Whenextrudinga

nonsymmetricalshape,problemsmaybeencounteredin

producingthedesiredwidth-to-thicknessratiobecause

ofthedistortionencountered Simpleprofiles,suchas

T-edging,angle,orchannelsections,maybeproduced

withoutsignificantproblems However,heavysections

withrandomlyspacedprojectionsmaycausedifficulty

Therefore,itissuggestedthatprofilesbedesignedwith

uniformthicknesseswherepossible

6

Outside ring adjustment screws

Short land length

Outside die ringFlow restriction

Material entrance

Expander ring

Die body

Band heater

Inside die pin(undercut)

Figure4—Diedesignforthin-walltubing

Vacuum sizingProbablythemostcommonlyusedmethodofsizingplastic

tubingandpipeisvacuumsizing Invacuumsizing,the

extrudateiscooledinawaterbaththatisundervacuum

Thevacuumchamber,usuallycalledthevacuumbox,isa

longwaterbathwithanairtightlid Themoltenextrudate

formsthesealaroundthesizingplateorsleeveatthe

entrancetothevacuumbox,andarubbergasketthatfits

aroundthecooledpipeortubeformsthesealattheexit

Figure5showsatypicalextrusionlineutilizingthevacuum

boxmethodofsizing Thereareseveralsuppliersof

vacuum-sizingequipment

Sizing and quenchingWhenvacuumboxsizingisusedtoextrudetubingand

hollowprofilesfromEastmanProvista™copolymers,the

sizingdeviceshouldbefabricatedfromthin(1 0–1 3-mm

[0 04–0 05-in ]thick)brass,bronze,orstainlesssteelhaving

aninteriorfinishofabout25rms Thelengthofthesizing

sleeveshouldbeapproximately1to1 25timesthe

diameterofthedesiredfinishedprofile Aforward-spraying,

cooling-waterringshouldbelocatedaroundthesleeveand

shouldbecapableofimpingingwateratthejunctureofthe

sleeveandvacuumbox Someextrudatelubricationsuchas

adetergent/watermixtureishelpfulduringstart-upbutis

usuallynotrequiredoncetheprocessisfullyoperational

Chilledwater(5°–10°C[45°–50°F])willallowmore

efficientcoolingofthetubingorprofilewithlessagitation;

however,20°–25°C(65°–75°F)waterworkssatisfactorily

withaproperlylocatedsprayring

Thevacuuminthevacuumboxshouldbesufficientto

achieveproperdimensioningyetlowenoughtoprevent

dragandchattermarksfromformingontheextrudate

Atypicalvacuumlevelforsizing25-mm(1-in )diameter

tubingwitha0 38-mm(0 015-in )thickwallwouldbe

380–510mm(15–20in )ofwater(vacuum)

EastmanProvista™copolymersexhibitgoodmeltstrength,

whichallowsonetorunonanairtablesizingsystem

However,water-cooledsizingblocksand/orplateshave

beenusedsuccessfullywithmuchgreaterthroughput

TubingandprofilesofEastmanProvista™copolymersare

usuallycooledadequatelyforcutofforsawingwhen

exitingthevacuumboxorplate-sizingtank Ifthefinished

partshrinksordistortsasitleavesthecoolingtank,itwill

probablybenecessarytoinsertanextracoolingtankprior

topullout

From air dryer—dehumidified

Sizing plate or sleeveWater-cooling bath

Water spray rings

Vacuum gauge

Rubber gasket

Floor line

Recirculating water pump

Water reservoir

Extruder

Die

Hopper (pelletmaterial supply)

Vacuum-sizingchamber

Pulloutassembly

Reheatstation

Cuttingunit

Tohandling

operations

Water venturivacuum jet orvacuum pump

Rack and spurgear positioning

adjustment

Figure5—Tubingextrusionlineusingvacuumsizing

7

CuttingProfilesandtubingextrudedfromEastmanProvista™

copolymersusuallyrequireclosecontrolwithrespectto

cuttingandsawing Theratherrigid,unplasticizedmaterial

mayshowatendencytosplit,shatter,orpossiblyleave

chipsandfragmentsattachedtotheseverededge

Acombinationofpartreheatingandcutter-blade

lubricationcansignificantlyimprovethequalityofthe

cut Reheatingthepartmaybeaccomplishedwitheither

heatedwaterorair Waterheatingcanbeaccomplished

withimmersionheaters Temperaturesofapproximately

50°C(120°F)notonlyhelpprovideacleanercutbutcan

alsohelpreducestresses,whichcausebowingofthe

extrudedpart

Heatingwithhotairjustpriortocuttingcanbedone

simplybyahot-airovenorahot-airgunasshownin

Figure6 Moreelaborateoven-typesetupsmightinclude

ceramicorUVheatersinplaceofthechannelinFigure6

Amarkedimprovementinchipandfragmentelimination

hasbeenaccomplishedbyusingalubricatingdeviceinthe

cuttingmandrel Anatomizedwatergeneratorwasevaluated

inEastman’slaboratoryforsprayingalightatomizedmist

ofwater,waterplussilicone,andwaterplusliquiddetergent

intothecutter Wateralonewasfoundtobeaseffectiveas

theother2coolantsandlesstroublesometouse

Cuttingproblemsmayvaryamongdifferentsection

thicknesses,linespeeds,andprofiles However,itmaybe

safelyassumedthatEastmanProvista™copolymerwill

usuallyrequirespecialconsiderationswhencutting

RegrindTheexcellentthermalstabilityofEastmanProvista™

copolymerspermitsreuseofcleanregrind However,care

mustbetakentopreventcontaminationoftheregrindby

otherplasticsinthescrap-handlingequipment Otherwise,

clarityandtoughnessofextrudeditemscouldbereduced

Degradedpurgingcompoundsshouldbediscardedand

notreused

Cut partsCutter

Puller

Hot-air gunHeat-resistanttubing

Profile or tube

Channel iron

Figure6—Hot-airovenforimprovedcutting

8

PurgingPurgetheextruderwitheitherEastmanProvista™

copolymersorEastar™copolyester6763 Inmostcases,

theextrudercanbeshutdownwithProvistacopolymers

onthescrew Aninertgas,e g ,drynitrogengas,should

beappliedonthepellethopperandventareastohelp

preventoxidativedegradationofthemoltenpolymer

duringheat-upand/orcool-downperiods

Cellulosicmaterialscanbeusedtopurgetheextruder

priortoscrewremoval

Therewillbesituationswhereitisnecessarytogoto

greaterlengthstoensureacompletelycleanextrudate

Thesesituationsmightinclude

•TransitioningfromanotherplastictoEastmanProvista™

copolymers

•Occasionalblackflakesandspecsintheextrudate

causedbysittingidleforlongperiodsoftimeat

elevatedtemperatures

•Changingtoadiethatcontainscharand/oroldextrudate

fromapreviousrun

UndriedEastmanProvista™copolymersorothercopolyesters

shouldbeusedatabarrelanddietemperatureslightly

abovetheprocessingtemperatureofthematerialthatis

tobepurged Runthescrewcompletelyempty,theninput

additional“wet”polymer Runtheextruderatvariable

speedstohelpdislodgeforeignmaterials Repeatthisuntil

theextrudateisclearofanyresidualpolymer Themoisture

inthepelletswillprovidea“steam-cleaning”effect

Diesthathavenotbeenstreamlinedareverydifficult

topurgebecauseofthe“deadspots”commonlyfound

insuchdies Thesewillusuallyhavetoberemovedand

cleanedmanually

Itisnotrecommendedthatpurgingcompoundsofany

kindbeusedtocleananextruderthathasbeenrunning

EastmanProvista™copolymers

Regulatory informationUnderregulationsadministeredbytheU S FoodandDrug

Administration(FDA),EastmanProvista™copolymersmay

lawfullybeusedasarticlesorcomponentsofarticles

intendedforuseincontactwithfoodsubjecttoprovisions

of21CFR177 1315and21CFR174 Provistacopolymers,

assuppliedbyEastman,complywiththecompositionaland

inherentviscosityrequirementsofFDAregulationsat21

CFR177 1315(b)(1) Thespecificationsof21CFR

177 1315(b)(1)clearthefollowingconditionsofusefor

nonorientedcopolymers:hot-filltemperaturesnotto

exceed82 2°C(180°F)forcontactwithfoodsincluding

foodscontainingupto25%aqueousalcoholbyvolume,

excludingcarbonatedbeveragesandbeer;storage

temperaturesnottoexceed48 9°C(120°F);andnothermal

treatmentincontainer Compliancetestsperformedby

EastmanonnonorientedfilmmadebyEastmanfrom

polymersamplesrepresentativeofthisproductmetthe

requirementsof21CFR177 1315(b)(1)forfood,including

upto15%ethanolbyvolume Fromtheseresults,we

expectthatothernonorientedarticlesmadefromour

product,undergoodmanufacturingpracticesandaccording

toourrecommendations,willmeetthecompliance

requirementsoftheregulationincludingupto15%

ethanol Dependingonyourprocessesandproducts,itmay

bepossibleforyourproductstomeetthecompliance

requirementsforupto25%ethanol

EastmanProvista™copolymersmeetISO10993and/orUSP

ClassVIrequirements

EastmanProvista™copolymersarelawfulforuseinmeat

andpoultrypackagingoperationssolongasthesupplier

ofthepackagingproduct,suchasfilmorotherfinished

packagingmaterial,complieswithUSDAregulations

at9CFR317 24or381 144

UsersofEastmanProvista™copolymersmustmaketheir

owndeterminationthattheiruseofthematerialissafe,

lawful,andtechnicallysuitablefortheirintendedapplications

9

Conversions of metric/U.S. customary values may have

been rounded off and may not be exact conversions.

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Telephone:U.S.A. and Canada, 800-EASTMAN (800-327-8626)Other Locations, (1) 423-229-2000Fax: (1) 423-229-1193

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Telephone: (81) 3-3475-9510Fax: (81) 3-3475-9515

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Telephone: (65) 6831-3100Fax: (65) 6732-4930

www.eastman.com

Material Safety Data Sheets providing safety precautions

that should be observed when handling and storing Eastman

products are available online or by request. You should obtain

and review the available material safety information before

handling any of these products. If any materials mentioned

are not Eastman products, appropriate industrial hygiene and

other safety precautions recommended by their manufacturers

should be observed.

Neither Eastman Chemical Company nor its marketing affiliates

shall be responsible for the use of this information or of any

product, method, or apparatus mentioned, and you must make

your own determination of its suitability and completeness for

your own use, for the protection of the environment, and for the

health and safety of your employees and purchasers of your

products. NO WARRANTY IS MADE OF THE MERCHANTABILITY

OR FITNESS OF ANY PRODUCT, AND NOTHING HEREIN WAIVES

ANY OF THE SELLER’S CONDITIONS OF SALE.

Eastar, Eastman, Provista, and The results of insight are

trademarks of Eastman Chemical Company.

© Eastman Chemical Company, 2011.

TRS-63J 9/11Printed in U.S.A.