external reviews of police use of deadly force
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External Reviews of Police Use of Deadly Force. David A. Klinger Senior Research Scientist Police Foundation, Washington, DC and Associate Professor, UMSL. Importance Of Issue. Deadly force is ultimate police power Officer safety Community concerns Organizational legitimacy Internal - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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David A. KlingerSenior Research Scientist
Police Foundation, Washington, DCand
Associate Professor, UMSL
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Deadly force is ultimate police power Officer safety Community concerns Organizational legitimacy
Internal External
Local Government State Government Federal Government Litigation
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People inside organization have myopia Internal reviewers often lack:
Internal legitimacy External legitimacy
External reviewers typically have: Broader vision of issues at hand More expertise (because they focus on specific
issue) Greater external legitimacy, and (sometimes) greater internal legitimacy Independence from power structure (agency and
relevant government entity) External can thus give unvarnished
assessment
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Specific Cases Robert Baldwin (SPD SWAT OIS) Cobb County (2 officers murdered) Nathaniel Jones (Cincinnati in-custody death)
Specific Units Albuquerque SWAT LAPD SWAT
Entire Agency Portland Denver
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Boundaries between 3 types not clear-cut Single cases often kick off broader inquiry
Can be of unit (Baldwin) Can be of agency (Rodney King)
Unit inquiries often rooted in specific cases and can look at agency writ large
Entire agency review will often look at specific cases (Denver and Portland)
Whatever sort, virtually always broader, agency level issues are addressed
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Agency UOF policy Breadth, scope, and particular provisions
Agency UOF review practices Investigations, case review process, tracking
Scene management Training & Qualification
Practices, policy, tactics Case patterns: Both positive and negative
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Review policy statements UOF guidelines UOF investigations UOF review process
Review practices UOF training UOF investigations UOF review process
Review incidents
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Review policy statements Simply read and compare to models
Review practices Read case files and correspondence re: cases Interview trainers, investigators, folk in review
loop Interview line officers (they blow less smoke)
Incident review Look for patterns of good/bad
Tactics Communication Firearms discharges Repeat Individuals
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There is much to learn from outsiders ID problems ID strengths
Outsiders can provide legitimacy External Internal
Various sources Consulting firms (PARC, Rand) Associations (NTOA, IACP) Independent research groups (Police Foundation) Individual vendors (University prof’s, retired
LEO’s)
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Professor David KlingerSenior Research Scientist
The Police Foundation1201 Connecticut Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20036202-721-9779