exploring the relationship between r&d, education and entrepreneurship
TRANSCRIPT
Exploring the Relationship Between R&D, Education and Entrepreneurship from 2005-
2012 at Global Level
Team Led ZeppelinYi Chun Chien, Jing Fan, Carol Xiayu Zeng, Yixi Zhang
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Abstract
Background: R&D engagement leads to new industries and could also be a crucial part of national economy and competitiveness.
Methods: The report discusses the relationship among R&D, education and entrepreneurship by performing three types of analysis.
Variables: The dataset covers 248 regions from 2005-2012 with 4 dependent variables and 5 independent variables.
Conclusions: R&D investment and the number of journals, patents and trademark would add value in information technology industries. Education boosts expertise of current researchers and technicians in R&D.
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Introduction
• The study provides an overview of the patterns on high-tech export , R&D expenditures among different regions and answers several managerial questions as following:
• Which region performs well in R&D, education and entrepreneurship?
• What are the trends of R&D from 2005 to 2012?• Are there any positive relationships between R&D,
education involvement and entrepreneurship at a global level?
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Problem Statement
• The study investigates the relationship between R&D,
education and entrepreneurship at a global level from
2005 to 2012 and performs three types of analysis:
descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and predictive
analysis.
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Methodology
Hypotheses Data Preprocess
Perform Analysis
Evaluation
● Data Collection● Data Cleaning● Data Warehousing
● Problem Definition● Tool Selection● Variable Selection
● Queries● Reports
● Conclusion● Reasoning 5
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• Data Source:http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GR.ROYL.CD/countrieshttp://www.gemconsortium.org/key-indicators• Time: Year 2005- 2012• Data Size: 248 regions• Dimensions:
• Developed or developing countries• Income Group• Region
• Tool: IBM Cognos
Variable Name Description
Patents, Journal and Trademark applications
The number of worldwide patent applications filed, journal and trademark published in scientific and engineering fields
High-Tech export High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity
R&D expenditure Expenditures for R&D are current and capital expenditure on creative work
Researchers/technicians in R&D
Researchers and Technicians in R&D are professionals engaged in R&D(per million people) 7
Variable Selection• 4 Dependent Variables:
• 5 Independent Variables:
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Variable Name DescriptionEducational expenditure per student in tertiary
The total public expenditure per student in tertiary education
Public spending on education(%)
Public expenditure on education / total government expenditure
School enrollment in tertiary(%)
Total enrollment in tertiary education / total population of the five-year age group
Nascent entrepreneurship rate(%)
Percentage of 18-64 population who are currently a nascent entrepreneur
Necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity(%)
Percentage of those involved in total early-stage entrepreneurial activity
Project Conceptual Architecture
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Analytics
•Descriptive Analysis• Region • Trend
•Correlation Analysis• R&D vs. Education• R&D vs. Entrepreneurship
•Predictive Analysis
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Problems Analytics
The ranking of countries measured by R&D expenditure
Pie chart for R&D expenditure by country
Top five countries in high-tech export Histogram for high-tech export by country
Top five countries with greatest scientific impact measured by number of researchers/technicians in R&D
Line chart for number of researchers/technicians in R&D
Descriptive Analysis—Region
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Descriptive Analysis—TrendProblems Analytics
Trend of Education expenditure per student in tertiary from 2005 to 2012
Line Chart by continent/ region/ development levels
Trend of Nascent entrepreneurship rate from 2005 to 2012
Trend of R&D expenditure from 2005 to 2012
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Correlation AnalysisProblems Analytics
Does public spending on education affect patents, journal and trademark applications?
Bar chart by continent/ region/development levels
Does educational expenditure per student in tertiary influence R&D expenditure?
Does Researchers/technicians in R&D correlate to high-tech export
Is Necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity related to researchers/technicians in R&D
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Correlation Analysis
Problems Analytics
Does public spending on education affect High-Tech export?
Trend chart by year based on development levels
Does educational expenditure per student in tertiary influence R&D expenditure?
Is Nascent entrepreneurship rate related to researchers/technicians in R&D
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Predictive Analysis
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Problems Analytics
Will developed and developing countries have upward trend on R&D expenditure?
Trend chart by yearIncremental crosstab by year
Will developed and developing countries have stable trend on High-Tech export?
Will developed and developing countries have upward trend on Educational expenditure per student in tertiary?
Will developed and developing countries keep increasing their necessity-driven entrepreneurial activity?
Sample Analysis 1: Comparison of R&D among different Income Groups
Insight: These line charts represent R&D performance, measured by # of researchers and technicians, # of publications and patent application. It’s shown that high Income countries have better R&D performance than Low(Lower) Income countries.
Sample Analysis 2: Comparison of R&D between Developed and Developing Countries
Developing Countries generally have higher R&D than Developed Countries. For instance, China and South Korea both have very high R&D. However, Developed Countries have more Researchers and Technicians.
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Sample Analysis 3: Correlation between R&D and Education
Insight: The scatter plot describes the relationship between R&D performance and education investment. For Developed countries, R&D is positively correlated with education. Higher school enrollments and more public spending in education, better R&D performance.For Developing countries, the positive impact brought by education investment is not obvious in leading a better R&D performance.
ConclusionsBusiness insights are extracted from descriptive and predictive analysis as well as multi-dimensional analysis by revealing:
● Higher involvement in education and entrepreneurship, better R&D performance
● Increasing involvement in R&D from 2005 - 2012 in different regions and the upward trend continue in the future
● Gap in R&D performance among developed/developing countries, different income groups and regions
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Policy/Managerial ImplicationThe study provides suggestions to companies that are looking for entrepreneurial opportunities and governments to attract entrepreneurs.
● Companies: ○ R&D growth is blooming over the past 8 years○ Top 3 investment regions: (1) North America, (2) East Asia
& Pacific area, (3) Europe and central Asia● Governments:
○ Friendly immigration policy to attract more talents ○ Simplified start-up procedures, tax reductions
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Scope & LimitationsScope:
• Dataset covers 248 regions from 2005-2012
Limitations: • Missing values are eliminated from analysis; • May have some potential independent variables (EX:
high-tech workforce) and temporal factors (EX: armed conflicts, financial crisis, natural disasters) that are not included in analysis.
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Future ResearchOther analytics technologies for future consideration:
• Data Mining:• Various data mining methods, such as regression tree and
logistic regression could be applied to analyze factors that contribute to the development in R&D.
• OLAP:• Store multidimensional data to answer complex and timely
queries along with new data from ETL.
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List of complete references
Retrieved from
• http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1496226
• http://www.ucema.edu.ar/u/gcettolo/WebGlobalGEMReport11.12_1.pdf
• http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GR.ROYL.CD/countries
• http://www.gemconsortium.org/key-indicators
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Appendix• Source link:➢ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.GR.ROYL.CD/countries➢ http://www.gemconsortium.org/key-indicators
• Sample Data:
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