exploring the planets-atripath/outreach/tripathi_ioa.pdf · exploring the planets-how we use robots...
TRANSCRIPT
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Exploring the Planets-How we use robots to learn about them
Anjali TripathiInstitute of Astronomy
27 January 2010
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NASA/JPL
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NASA/JPL
My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nibbles
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NASA/JPL
Rocky planets
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NASA/JPL
Gas giants
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planets can have moons
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earth’s moon
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earth’s moon
craters
(planets can have them too)
mercury
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Moonsdaphnis
pan
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gas giants can have rings
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saturn
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uranus
neptune
jupiter
saturn
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rocky planets can have volcanoes & ice caps
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Olympus Mons
mars
polar ice cap
volcano
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How do we learn about the planets?
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The Naked Eye
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Telescopes
Galileo discovered four of Jupiter’s moons
1610
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Spacecraft!Unmanned, or robotic missions
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• Allow us to get a closer view
• Get in-situ, or in place, measurements
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Launch
Cruise
EncounterFlybyOrbit(Land)
Flight Operations
Data return
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Launched in 1977 (and still going!)
Voyager I & IIFlying by the Outer Solar System
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Visited Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune
Voyager I & IIFlying by the Outer Solar System
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Science Instruments
Voyager I & II
Imaging (WA/NA)
Spectrometers (UV/IR)
Photopolarimeter
PlasmaCosmic Ray
Radio/Plasma Wave Antenna
Magnetometers
Flying by the Outer Solar System
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jupiter has rings
discovery:
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more moons
3 - jupiter3 - saturn
10 - uranus 6 - neptune
discovery:
proteus
(neptune)
volcanic activity on io
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discovery:
storms on neptune
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Not fare well,But fare forward, Voyagers.-- T. S. Eliot, The Dry Salvages
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Cassini-HuygensOrbiting Saturn, Landing on Titan
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Cassini-HuygensOrbiting Saturn, Landing on Titan
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Cassini-HuygensOrbiting Saturn, Landing on Titan
gravity assist to get there
maneuvering to stay there
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CassiniOrbiting Saturn
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You are here
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Voyager II4 Sept 1981
2.2 million km away
Phoebe
Cassini11 June 2004
2000 km away
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Multi-Wavelength Observations
shorterwavelength
longerwavelength
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water frost
a view from the ultraviolet
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day night variation
made of loose dust
and ice particles
a view from the infrared - temperature
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originated in the kuiper
belt
a view from the infrared - mineral distribution
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HuygensLanding on Titan
• Imager
• Measure winds using radio
• Analyze the atmosphere
• Measure titan’s surface
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descent unto Titan
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wind - from the furthest sounds in the Solar System
descent unto Titan
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drainage channels
hydrocarbon rain & flows
pebbles
hills
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Mars Exploration RoversRoving the Red Planet
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Spirit!
Opportunity!
R.I.P.2004-2010
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getting there in one piece
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can update and set science goals daily
use current data to plan next moves
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Mars Exploration RoversRoving the Red Planet
Remote Sensing Package Pancam Mini-TES
In-Situ Package Microscopic Imager Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer Mössbauer Spectrometer Rock Abrasion Tool
Magnetic properties experiment
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RAT hole
water?
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water?
voids
different, rippled layers
blueberries
evaporation from a salty brine
sulphates and standing water
dissolved crystals
flows
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coming soon...sample return
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extrasolar planets
beyond the solar system
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“Conduct advanced telescope searches for Earth-like planets and habitable environments around other stars” - A Renewed Spirit of Discovery- President George W. Bush January 2004!
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COROT
transiting exoplanets
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the learning continues...