exploring mendelian genetics
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Exploring Mendelian Genetics. Chapter 11 Section 3 SC B-46: Predict inherited traits by using the principles of Mendelian genetics (including segregation, independent assortment, and types of dominance). Essential Question. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3SC B-46: PREDICT INHERITED
TRAITS BY USING THE PRINCIPLES OF MENDELIAN GENETICS
(INCLUDING SEGREGATION, INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT, AND
TYPES OF DOMINANCE)
Exploring Mendelian Genetics
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Essential Question
How would you explain the inheritance patterns beyond dominant & recessive?
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Dihybrid Crosses
Mendel also performed an experiment to follow 2 different genes as they passed from parents to offspring
Mendel chose true-breeding round, yellow peas crossed with true-breeding wrinkled, green for F1
(RRYY) x (rryy)
What genotype/phenotype will the offspring have?
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Mendel’s 2nd Experiment
The Inheritance of 2 Traits
Does the inheritance of 1 characteristic influence the inheritance of another characteristic?
For example: Does pea shape influence pea color?
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F1 Generation allowed to self-pollinate
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Results:
Mendel’s plants produced 556 seedsround & yellow: 315wrinkled & green: 32combinations of parent phenotypes: 209
Mendel’s conclusion:Alleles for seed shape & color segregate
independently when gametes forming
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Law of Independent Assortment
Genes from different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
This accounts for the many genetic variations observed in plants, animals, & other organisms
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Summary of Mendel’s Principles
1. Inheritance of biological characteristics is determined by individual units called genes. Genes are passed from parents to their offspring.
2. If there are 2 or more alleles of a gene for a single trait, some forms may be dominant & others recessive
3. In most sexually reproducing organisms, each individual has 2 copies of a single gene (1 from each parent) & they separate when gametes are formed
4. Alleles for different genes usually separate independently of one another.
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Incomplete Dominance
Cases where neither allele is dominant the heterozygous individual will have a phenotype that is a blend of the 2 alleles.
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Codominance
Both alleles for a gene are expressed in the phenotype of a hybrid individual
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Multiple Alleles
genes that have >2 alleles
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Polygenic Traits
Traits controlled by the interactions of several genes
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Genetics & the Environment
Genes provide a plan for development but how that plan unfolds also depends on the environment
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Name that type of inheritance
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Name that type of inheritance!