Explorers of the New WorldExplorers of the New World

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

►For one of the most For one of the most famous explorers, it is famous explorers, it is surprising how little is surprising how little is actually known of him. actually known of him.

►For instance, no one For instance, no one really knows what he really knows what he looked like. This looked like. This painting is just a painting is just a guess.guess.

True or False?True or False?►Columbus discovered America in 1492 Columbus discovered America in 1492

while trying to prove that the world is while trying to prove that the world is round.round.

Fact:Fact:►Columbus was trying to find a route to Columbus was trying to find a route to

India.India. Navigators had known that the Navigators had known that the world was round for hundreds of years world was round for hundreds of years before Columbus.before Columbus.

►Columbus never set foot on what is now Columbus never set foot on what is now “America.”“America.” He explored a series of islands that He explored a series of islands that historians believe to be the Bahamas. historians believe to be the Bahamas. However, no one is sure which island he However, no one is sure which island he explored first.explored first.

More about Columbus…More about Columbus…►Columbus made a total of 4 voyages to Columbus made a total of 4 voyages to

the “New World.”the “New World.”►On his On his second voyage, he used 17 ships second voyage, he used 17 ships

and 1200 men to conquer “Hispaniola.”and 1200 men to conquer “Hispaniola.” (present day Haiti and Dominican (present day Haiti and Dominican Republic)Republic)

►He He introduced horsesintroduced horses to the New World to the New World►He was the He was the first person to take tobacco first person to take tobacco

back to Europeback to Europe from the New world from the New world►He was the He was the first person to send natives first person to send natives

back to Europe as slavesback to Europe as slaves..

The “not so good” stuff:The “not so good” stuff:►When Columbus returned to the Caribbean for When Columbus returned to the Caribbean for

his second voyage, he brought with him his second voyage, he brought with him soldiers, horses, swords, war-dogs, and other soldiers, horses, swords, war-dogs, and other implements of war.implements of war.

►Here are some accounts, based on the Here are some accounts, based on the eyewitness testimony of a Spanish settler eyewitness testimony of a Spanish settler Bartolomé de las Casas:Bartolomé de las Casas:

► In one day, the Spanish dismembered, beheaded, or In one day, the Spanish dismembered, beheaded, or raped 3000 people. raped 3000 people.

►The Spanish cut off the legs of children who ran from The Spanish cut off the legs of children who ran from them.them.

►They made bets as to who, with one sweep of his They made bets as to who, with one sweep of his sword, could cut a person in half.sword, could cut a person in half.

► They loosed dogs that 'devoured an Indian like a They loosed dogs that 'devoured an Indian like a hog, at first sight, in less than a moment.' They hog, at first sight, in less than a moment.' They used nursing infants for dog food. used nursing infants for dog food.

►Eight million people -- virtually Eight million people -- virtually the entire native population of the entire native population of Hispaniola -- were exterminated Hispaniola -- were exterminated by torture, murder, forced labor, by torture, murder, forced labor, starvation, disease and despair.starvation, disease and despair.

The ControversyThe Controversy

We are all taught that Columbus is a hero.We are all taught that Columbus is a hero.BUTBUT

He waged war against and brutalized the He waged war against and brutalized the native people, took their land, and sent native people, took their land, and sent

them to Europe as slaves.them to Europe as slaves.

What should we believe?

The harsh realityThe harsh reality

►Columbus, whether he is a hero or a Columbus, whether he is a hero or a villain, villain, opened up half of the planet for opened up half of the planet for explorationexploration. He set off a . He set off a huge race huge race between nationsbetween nations to colonize the to colonize the “uncharted” parts of the world and reap “uncharted” parts of the world and reap the benefits of having new territories.the benefits of having new territories.

►Within just a few years, other countries Within just a few years, other countries were sending explorers to the “New were sending explorers to the “New World.”World.”

The so-called New WorldThe so-called New World► A businessman from Italy, Amerigo Vespucci, A businessman from Italy, Amerigo Vespucci,

claimed to have been with Columbus on one of the claimed to have been with Columbus on one of the voyages. Vespucci claimed that he believed that voyages. Vespucci claimed that he believed that there were new continents to be explored, and he there were new continents to be explored, and he claims to have created the phrase “New World.” claims to have created the phrase “New World.” He even insisted that he himself made voyages to He even insisted that he himself made voyages to the New World and landed on a large continent.the New World and landed on a large continent.

► In truth, Vespucci was a pickle salesman, and In truth, Vespucci was a pickle salesman, and there is no evidence, other than his own words, there is no evidence, other than his own words, that Vespucci was with Columbus or made any that Vespucci was with Columbus or made any separate voyages. separate voyages.

►So what’s the big deal?So what’s the big deal?

The big deal….The big deal….► Is this map.Is this map.

A Swiss map maker in 1507 called the newly discovered land “America” in honor of Amerigo Vespucci. The name stuck.

The Battle for LandThe Battle for Land►Part of the deal Columbus made with his Part of the deal Columbus made with his

financial backers is that financial backers is that he would claim he would claim the lands he found in the name of Spainthe lands he found in the name of Spain..

►Other countries scrambled to claim their Other countries scrambled to claim their own landown land..

►Religious leaders didn’t want countries Religious leaders didn’t want countries of the same religious beliefs fighting of the same religious beliefs fighting with each other, but they didn’t want with each other, but they didn’t want countries with different religious beliefs countries with different religious beliefs getting the new land.getting the new land.

Catholic vs. ProtestantCatholic vs. Protestant

► Catholics are Catholics are ChristianChristian

► Catholics view the Catholics view the Pope as the link Pope as the link between God and between God and man.man.

► If a country’s leader If a country’s leader was Catholic, the was Catholic, the country was too.country was too.

► Catholic countries Catholic countries were Spain, Portugal, were Spain, Portugal, & Italy& Italy

► Protestants are Protestants are ChristianChristian

► Protestants don’t Protestants don’t believe man needs a believe man needs a person to be a link to person to be a link to God.God.

► If a country’s leader was If a country’s leader was Protestant, the country Protestant, the country was too.was too.

► Protestant countries Protestant countries were England & Francewere England & France

John CabotJohn Cabot► John Cabot, in 1497, sailed from England John Cabot, in 1497, sailed from England

to explore the New Worldto explore the New World..► In his In his first voyage, he explored the coast first voyage, he explored the coast

of what is now Canada and New Englandof what is now Canada and New England..► In his In his second voyage, in 1498, he second voyage, in 1498, he

explored the coast as far south as explored the coast as far south as present day South Carolina (some present day South Carolina (some experts think even Florida).experts think even Florida).

►England claimedEngland claimed that, since Cabot that, since Cabot represented England, represented England, everything he everything he sailed past belonged to England!sailed past belonged to England!

The ArgumentThe Argument

► Is it enough to simply sail past some Is it enough to simply sail past some land, or stick a flag in the sand, to land, or stick a flag in the sand, to claim a territory?claim a territory?

►The countries of Europe agreed that, in The countries of Europe agreed that, in order to actually claim a land as order to actually claim a land as territory, the land must be territory, the land must be colonized.colonized.

Juan Ponce de LeónJuan Ponce de León► In 1513, Ponce de León landed on the In 1513, Ponce de León landed on the

beach of present day Floridabeach of present day Florida. He thought . He thought he had landed on a large island, and he he had landed on a large island, and he named it “La Florida” in honor of Easter.named it “La Florida” in honor of Easter.

►He was in search of two thingsHe was in search of two things that were that were rumored to be there:rumored to be there:

►A city of goldA city of gold►A fountain that would make people A fountain that would make people

young, the young, the “fountain of youth.”“fountain of youth.”

A Quick Message from FloridaA Quick Message from Florida

►Yes, there really IS a “Fountain of Yes, there really IS a “Fountain of Youth” in Florida. Youth” in Florida.

Ponce (continued)Ponce (continued)► Instead of a fabled “Fountain of Youth” Instead of a fabled “Fountain of Youth”

with magical powers, Ponce de León with magical powers, Ponce de León found a smelly spring of water flowing found a smelly spring of water flowing from the earth with no magical from the earth with no magical properties (properties (except the ability to rake in except the ability to rake in money from tourists a few hundred money from tourists a few hundred years later!)years later!)

►He never found a city of gold.He never found a city of gold.

Trip #2 to La FloridaTrip #2 to La Florida► In In 1521, he led an expedition to colonize the 1521, he led an expedition to colonize the

west coast of Florida.west coast of Florida. Taking two ships with 50 Taking two ships with 50 horses and 200 men, the group landed on horses and 200 men, the group landed on Florida’s west coast and met Florida’s west coast and met immediateimmediate resistance from the natives. resistance from the natives. Ponce was wounded Ponce was wounded by an arrow and he, along with his entire force, by an arrow and he, along with his entire force, withdrew to Havana, Cuba, where he died.withdrew to Havana, Cuba, where he died.

► Juan Ponce de León is credited with being Juan Ponce de León is credited with being “the “the first European to step foot on what is now the first European to step foot on what is now the USA.” USA.”

Lucas Vásquez de AyllónLucas Vásquez de Ayllón

►Historians think that Ayllón can be given Historians think that Ayllón can be given credit for being credit for being the first European to start a the first European to start a settlement in North America, around 1526settlement in North America, around 1526..

►He left the island of Hispaniola with He left the island of Hispaniola with 600 600 settlerssettlers -- -- men, women, children, and men, women, children, and African slavesAfrican slaves. His goal was to start a . His goal was to start a settlement in La Florida (the Spanish name settlement in La Florida (the Spanish name for all of what is now the American for all of what is now the American Southeast) in the name of Spain.Southeast) in the name of Spain.

►Why would he want to do this you think?Why would he want to do this you think?

September 29, 1526September 29, 1526►On On September 29, 1526, Ayllón’s group landed September 29, 1526, Ayllón’s group landed

in what is present day McIntosh County, GA.,in what is present day McIntosh County, GA., after abandoning a camp farther north.after abandoning a camp farther north.

► The The group began building homes and group began building homes and establishing friendly connections with the establishing friendly connections with the Native AmericansNative Americans in the region. in the region.

► Their settlement would be called Their settlement would be called “San Miguel “San Miguel de Gualdape.”de Gualdape.”

Disaster StrikesDisaster Strikes►Ten days after the ships land, Ayllón Ten days after the ships land, Ayllón

becomes ill and diesbecomes ill and dies..►Because of Because of cold weather, crops fail, cold weather, crops fail,

settlers become illsettlers become ill and death becomes and death becomes common.common.

►Revolt and panic breaks out.Revolt and panic breaks out.►The The slaves revoltslaves revolt..►The The Indians attackIndians attack..►San Miguel de Gualdape is abandoned. San Miguel de Gualdape is abandoned.

Only 150 people Only 150 people (of the original 600) (of the original 600) make it back to Hispaniola alive.make it back to Hispaniola alive.

Hernando De SotoHernando De Soto ► In In 1539, De Soto led a force of 600 men to a 1539, De Soto led a force of 600 men to a

site near present-day Tampa to begin a search site near present-day Tampa to begin a search for gold and other valuablesfor gold and other valuables. They marched into . They marched into the interior and wintered near present-day the interior and wintered near present-day Tallahassee, Florida. Tallahassee, Florida.

Parent Site:http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto.htm

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto01.htm

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto02.htm

► In 1540, the force moved northward into In 1540, the force moved northward into the areas that would become the areas that would become GeorgiaGeorgia and and the Carolinasthe Carolinas, and then circled into , and then circled into TennesseeTennessee and down to and down to AlabamaAlabama..

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto03.htmhttp://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto04.htm

►Resistance from native tribes was Resistance from native tribes was common, stemming from the Spaniards’ common, stemming from the Spaniards’ practices of practices of taking Indian food supplies, taking Indian food supplies, destroying their homes and forcing destroying their homes and forcing captives into slaverycaptives into slavery. .

►De Soto was wounded in one encounter De Soto was wounded in one encounter with the natives. However, with the natives. However, De Soto De Soto decided not to tell his men that ships decided not to tell his men that ships were waiting in the Gulf of Mexicowere waiting in the Gulf of Mexico if they if they needed them. He wanted to keep going.needed them. He wanted to keep going.

► In the spring of 1541, De Soto and his men In the spring of 1541, De Soto and his men crossed the Mississippi Rivercrossed the Mississippi River, perhaps near , perhaps near present-day Memphis, and are credited with being present-day Memphis, and are credited with being the first Europeans to view the Mississippi Riverthe first Europeans to view the Mississippi River..

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto05.htm

► Pushing westward, De Soto and his men Pushing westward, De Soto and his men followed the Arkansas River into the area that followed the Arkansas River into the area that would become Oklahoma. They were would become Oklahoma. They were disappointed with their inability to find treasure disappointed with their inability to find treasure and turned back toward the Mississippi. and turned back toward the Mississippi. On this On this leg of the trip, De Soto became ill from a fever leg of the trip, De Soto became ill from a fever and diedand died. .

►His death was a threat to the existence of the His death was a threat to the existence of the small army, since small army, since the Spaniards had told the the Spaniards had told the hostile natives that De Soto was immortal!hostile natives that De Soto was immortal!

►De Soto’s remains were placed in a hollowed De Soto’s remains were placed in a hollowed out tree trunk, fitted with weights and cast into out tree trunk, fitted with weights and cast into the riverthe river. .

►Despite their leader's passing, the soldiers Despite their leader's passing, the soldiers again pressed westward, following the Red again pressed westward, following the Red River into northern Texas. River into northern Texas. No evidence of No evidence of gold was encountered and the soldiers gold was encountered and the soldiers returned to the Mississippi, constructed rafts returned to the Mississippi, constructed rafts and floated out into the Gulfand floated out into the Gulf. By the time . By the time the explorers found Spanish settlements the explorers found Spanish settlements along the eastern coast of Mexico, only along the eastern coast of Mexico, only about one-half of the original group about one-half of the original group remained. remained. http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto06.htmhttp://fcit.usf.edu/florida/movies/soto/soto07.htm

Ribault & MenRibault & Menééndezndez

The French Challenge

&

the Spanish Response

► France had almost given up on colonizing La France had almost given up on colonizing La Florida, when a group of Florida, when a group of French Protestants French Protestants called called HuguenotsHuguenots insisted that France enter the insisted that France enter the race.race.

► Their leader sent Jean Ribault to La Florida for Their leader sent Jean Ribault to La Florida for the sole purpose of establishing a permanent the sole purpose of establishing a permanent settlement in 1562. settlement in 1562.

► Using sailing instructions from Verrazano's Using sailing instructions from Verrazano's voyage of North America, voyage of North America, Ribault reached the Ribault reached the Florida coast near present-day Cape Canaveral Florida coast near present-day Cape Canaveral on April 30, 1562on April 30, 1562. He sailed northward to the . He sailed northward to the mouth of a wide river the Spanish calledmouth of a wide river the Spanish called "the "the St. Johns", but Ribault renamed it "the River of St. Johns", but Ribault renamed it "the River of May." He landed on a small river island, which May." He landed on a small river island, which he called "Mayport.“ (this is now Jacksonville, he called "Mayport.“ (this is now Jacksonville, Florida) Florida)

► Here Ribault constructed a five-sided column featuring Here Ribault constructed a five-sided column featuring a bronze shield bearing the coat-of-arms of Queen a bronze shield bearing the coat-of-arms of Queen Catherine, the King of France’s mother, who had Catherine, the King of France’s mother, who had opposed the mission (she was Catholic). opposed the mission (she was Catholic).

► Curious Timucuans visited the Huguenot encampment. Curious Timucuans visited the Huguenot encampment. The French presented the Timucuans with gowns of The French presented the Timucuans with gowns of blue embroidery. In return, the natives stocked the blue embroidery. In return, the natives stocked the French with maize, beans, cucumbers, and fish. Ribault French with maize, beans, cucumbers, and fish. Ribault wrote glowingly of the friendliness of the contact. wrote glowingly of the friendliness of the contact.

► Before returning to Europe, Ribault stopped at the Before returning to Europe, Ribault stopped at the Broad River, near present-day Parris Island, South Broad River, near present-day Parris Island, South Carolina, just north of Savannah. He called the spotCarolina, just north of Savannah. He called the spot "Port Royal" and built a log blockhouse, he named "Port Royal" and built a log blockhouse, he named "Charlesfort,“ the first European fort in North America."Charlesfort,“ the first European fort in North America.

► Later, when a Spanish expedition was sent to destroy Later, when a Spanish expedition was sent to destroy the fort, they found the fort deserted.the fort, they found the fort deserted.

Charles Fort

Ft. CarolineTwo years later, a group of Huguenots arrived at

the mouth of “The River of May” and built a three-sided fort they called Fort Caroline.

► Fort Caroline was an unusual colony. Not all the Fort Caroline was an unusual colony. Not all the settlers were Huguenots. There were some settlers were Huguenots. There were some Catholics. The colony included soldiers, tailors, Catholics. The colony included soldiers, tailors, brewers, an artist, a physician, and an astronomer. brewers, an artist, a physician, and an astronomer. What the colony lacked was a minister and enough What the colony lacked was a minister and enough experienced soldiers to protect it. experienced soldiers to protect it.

Farming proved difficult. The restless young men stole the fort's longboat and sailed out the mouth of the St. Johns to plunder Spanish gold ships.

PEDRO MENENDEZ de PEDRO MENENDEZ de AVILESAVILES

► Pedro Menendez de Aviles was a skilled sailor, a Pedro Menendez de Aviles was a skilled sailor, a wealthy supporter of Spain, and a staunch wealthy supporter of Spain, and a staunch Catholic, all qualities needed to take control of Catholic, all qualities needed to take control of Florida. Florida.

► In August of 1565, Menendez's attack fleet In August of 1565, Menendez's attack fleet reached the mouth of the St. Johns, only to reached the mouth of the St. Johns, only to discover that Ribault's five ships were blocking discover that Ribault's five ships were blocking the entrance. Menendez withdrew south to a the entrance. Menendez withdrew south to a deep and protected harbor he had seen on deep and protected harbor he had seen on August 28, 1565, St. Augustine's day. August 28, 1565, St. Augustine's day.

► He started a camp in the place he calledHe started a camp in the place he called "St. "St. Augustine",Augustine", not knowing he would be starting the not knowing he would be starting the oldest continuous settlement in the United oldest continuous settlement in the United StatesStates. .

► Jean Ribault realized he had Jean Ribault realized he had to be daring to confront the to be daring to confront the Spanish so he set sail to Spanish so he set sail to attack the Spanish while attack the Spanish while they unloaded supplies. they unloaded supplies. Unfortunately for Ribault, a Unfortunately for Ribault, a sudden storm pushed his sudden storm pushed his fleet past St. Augustine's fleet past St. Augustine's protected harbor. Most of protected harbor. Most of the French ships crashed on the French ships crashed on the Atlantic shore near the Atlantic shore near present-day Daytona Beach.present-day Daytona Beach.

► Menendez, realizing the Menendez, realizing the French were caught in a French were caught in a storm south of St. storm south of St. Augustine, decided to start Augustine, decided to start his own surprise attack, an his own surprise attack, an overland march tooverland march to Fort Fort Caroline. Caroline. He left his fleet He left his fleet guarding the entrance to St. guarding the entrance to St. Augustine, while he sent Augustine, while he sent five hundred professional five hundred professional soldiers through the soldiers through the swamplands of Northeast swamplands of Northeast Florida. Despite a driving Florida. Despite a driving rain storm and waist deep rain storm and waist deep water, the troops marched water, the troops marched north for three days. north for three days.

► The men thought their leader was insane, The men thought their leader was insane, but Menendez's plan worked perfectly. He but Menendez's plan worked perfectly. He had a French traitor as an informant. They had a French traitor as an informant. They reached Fort Caroline in the early morning reached Fort Caroline in the early morning and discovered the fortress unprepared for and discovered the fortress unprepared for any landside attack. any landside attack.

► The Spanish rushed the defenseless garrison The Spanish rushed the defenseless garrison on three sides. Most of the French were not on three sides. Most of the French were not trained soldiers and quickly deserted their trained soldiers and quickly deserted their positions. positions. The Spanish killed 142 French The Spanish killed 142 French before the survivors surrendered. The before the survivors surrendered. The Spanish lost one soldier. Menendez renamed Spanish lost one soldier. Menendez renamed the fort “San Mateo.”the fort “San Mateo.”

►Ribault's forces, crushed on the Daytona Ribault's forces, crushed on the Daytona Beaches, had no other option but to Beaches, had no other option but to march northward in hopes of attacking St. march northward in hopes of attacking St. Augustine. The effort might have Augustine. The effort might have succeeded if they were not stopped at succeeded if they were not stopped at Matanzas Inlet, the southern entrance to Matanzas Inlet, the southern entrance to St. Augustine Harbor.St. Augustine Harbor. Without tools and Without tools and sufficient lumber, the French could not sufficient lumber, the French could not cross the waterway. cross the waterway.

►Menendez found the worn French on the south side Menendez found the worn French on the south side of the Inlet. Some rich Frenchmen offered payment of the Inlet. Some rich Frenchmen offered payment for their lives, but Menendez refused. He brought for their lives, but Menendez refused. He brought Ribault across the Inlet in a rowboat and accepted Ribault across the Inlet in a rowboat and accepted formal surrender. formal surrender. Ten Frenchmen at a time were Ten Frenchmen at a time were brought across the waterway, and with their hands brought across the waterway, and with their hands tied behind them, marched behind sand dunes to tied behind them, marched behind sand dunes to be executedbe executed. .

►When it was Ribault's turn to die, he When it was Ribault's turn to die, he told Menendez he was proud to be a told Menendez he was proud to be a Lutheran. Only ten Catholic French and Lutheran. Only ten Catholic French and six cabin boys were spared from the six cabin boys were spared from the ordeal. The Inlet became known as ordeal. The Inlet became known as "Mantanzas" or "massacre" Inlet. "Mantanzas" or "massacre" Inlet.

Matanzas Inlet todayMatanzas Inlet today

Spanish MissionsSpanish Missions

►The key to Spain’s success in the New The key to Spain’s success in the New World wasn’t soldiers, guns or war World wasn’t soldiers, guns or war dogs, it was the “missions.”dogs, it was the “missions.”

►A A “mission” is a small church that is “mission” is a small church that is built to serve as a base for spreading a built to serve as a base for spreading a religionreligion. . Missions are run by “friarsMissions are run by “friars,” ,” (Catholic priests or missionaries).(Catholic priests or missionaries).

►The missions served as places where The missions served as places where the Indians could be taught religion, the Indians could be taught religion, Spanish, and how to write.Spanish, and how to write.

Georgia’s Two Spanish Georgia’s Two Spanish ProvincesProvinces►The coast of Georgia was divided into The coast of Georgia was divided into

two “provinces” to help organize the two “provinces” to help organize the missions.missions.

►Guale (“Wal-lee”) was to the northGuale (“Wal-lee”) was to the north, , between modern-day Savannah and the between modern-day Savannah and the Altamaha Rivers Altamaha Rivers

►Mocama was to the southMocama was to the south, between the , between the Altamaha and St. Mary’s Rivers.Altamaha and St. Mary’s Rivers.

By 1665, there were 38 Spanish missions By 1665, there were 38 Spanish missions serving 25,000 Native Americans.serving 25,000 Native Americans.

Natives and European Natives and European ReligionReligion

► In 1566, Menendez sailed up the coast In 1566, Menendez sailed up the coast from St. Augustine to find a place to from St. Augustine to find a place to build more missions.build more missions.

►He left a garrison of soldiers on He left a garrison of soldiers on Cumberland Island and sailed north to Cumberland Island and sailed north to meet the Guale king on St. Catherine’s meet the Guale king on St. Catherine’s Island.Island.

►On St. Catherine’s, he erected a cross On St. Catherine’s, he erected a cross and held 4 days of religious instruction.and held 4 days of religious instruction.

Santa Catalina de GualeSanta Catalina de Guale

Located on St. Catherine’s IslandLocated on St. Catherine’s Island

►It served as the base for the Guale missions.It served as the base for the Guale missions.►The cemetery was under the floor of the The cemetery was under the floor of the

church and held the remains of Guale Indians church and held the remains of Guale Indians who had converted to Catholicism.who had converted to Catholicism.

►(It was the Northern boundary of Spanish La (It was the Northern boundary of Spanish La Florida until 1680, when Indian slave-raiders Florida until 1680, when Indian slave-raiders

destroyed the church and surrounding destroyed the church and surrounding buildings. The Indian slave-raiders had been buildings. The Indian slave-raiders had been outfitted with weapons by the English from outfitted with weapons by the English from

the South Carolina colony.)the South Carolina colony.)

Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ► Francis Drake was one of the most Francis Drake was one of the most

famous men of his agefamous men of his age, having , having won royal favor and amassed a won royal favor and amassed a fortune from preying on Spanish fortune from preying on Spanish ships and ports. ships and ports.

►Drake received his first command Drake received his first command in 1567 and sailed on a slave-in 1567 and sailed on a slave-trading venture in the Caribbean. trading venture in the Caribbean. The small fleet was attacked by The small fleet was attacked by Spanish ships; many English lives Spanish ships; many English lives were lost and Drake's hatred of were lost and Drake's hatred of Spain deepened. In 1570 and Spain deepened. In 1570 and 1571, he headed successful 1571, he headed successful trading voyages to the West trading voyages to the West Indies, but he altered his path in Indies, but he altered his path in 1572 when he turned his attention 1572 when he turned his attention to to “privateering.”“privateering.”

Privateer or Pirate?Privateer or Pirate?

►What is the difference?What is the difference?

►A pirate is someone who raids robs A pirate is someone who raids robs and pillages.and pillages.

►A privateer is someone who raids, A privateer is someone who raids, robs, and pillages with a government’s robs, and pillages with a government’s backingbacking. .

► In 1585, he returned to sea, conducted a In 1585, he returned to sea, conducted a series of raids against Spanish positions series of raids against Spanish positions in the Caribbean, then in the Caribbean, then attacked and attacked and burned the Spanish fort town of St. burned the Spanish fort town of St. Augustine in Florida in 1586.Augustine in Florida in 1586.

►For the next 20 years, Spain and England For the next 20 years, Spain and England have “unofficial” war until a treaty is have “unofficial” war until a treaty is signed.signed.