exploration and science revolution renaissance reformation science enduring understandings 1....
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EXPLORATION AND SCIENCE REVOLUTION
Renaissance Reformation Science
Enduring Understandings1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment
interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
Warm-up – log on to mrksmodernworld and go to quiz page and take the religions quiz.1. Finish Snapshot for Reformation 2. Identify 3 new ideas during the Renaissance and
Reformation that challenged the existing order and then breifly explain the impact each has had on the world today.
3. Complete a Snapshot for Exploration – Just causes, ideas and results
4. Complete a Snapshot for Scientific Revolution5. Explain how the
Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution and Exploration
connects together to Illustrate EUs 2, 3 and 4
REFORMATIONDay 5 – Reformation and Scientific Revolution
Enduring Understandings1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment
interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas.
Essential Question1. Explain how the Reformation resulted from and
expanded on the radical new idea of the individual “I” and then affected European politics and science.
Activity2. Use your notes and homework to complete a
Revolution/War Snapshot
The Reformation 1517-1648
THE RFORMATION
Short-Term
An attempt to reform a corrupt Catholic Church
Teaching and sales of indulgences
Sparked when Martin Luther published the Ninety-Five Theses
Corruption in all levels of the church
Poor education of clergy Clergy up to pope
focused on worldly pursuits rather than just religion
Resistance to taxation by the newly secular merchant class and aristocracy
CAUSES
Long-Term
Individuals can have a personal relationship with God – they don’t need priests
VERNACULAR prayers, services and bible (Guttenberg’s printing press helps)
No holy relics and churches have a lot less hierarchy
REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
People
Martin Luther
King Henry VIII
John Calvin
John Knox (Presbyterianism)
1455: Gutenberg Bible published
1517 Luther’s 95 Theses
1532: King Henry VIII creates Anglicanism
Wars of Religion 1524-1648
IMPORTANT…
Dates/Events
Political/Social/
Economic Changes
Personal God
Vernacular religious language
Questioning traditional institutions
95 Theses
some prohibitions of music
Shakespeare
IMPORTANT…
Literature/Art/Music
Short-Term
Luther is tried, convicted, excommunicated, and the HRE issues the Edict of Worms
German Princes break from HRE
German Peasant Revolt Led to series of religious wars Catholic Church Counter-Refo
rmation Published laws, maps, social
codes, BIBLES
New religions (in particular, Calvinism and other Protestant sects) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin
Weakened the Catholic Church and promoted new states’ powers outside of religion
Break up of parts of HRE
RESULTS
Long-Term
Reformation spreads
Luther’s reform call leads peasants to revolt against abuse and corruption in their churches and the princes who were connected to the church.
Luther does not support the peasants – is appalled at their attempt to change the social order
Princes massacre the peasants, with Luther’s blessing – 100,000 killed
Layout of European Christendom
Counter reformation
Reformation
Martin Luther Nailed Ninety-Five Theses to door of
All Saint’s Church (maybe not) Theses criticized Catholic Church
and Pope but concentrated on: Selling of indulgences Doctrinal policies about
purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary and the saints, most of the sacraments, & clerical celibacy
Several reformists followed his lead with help of the printing press
Figure 1: The guy we’re talking about
Figure 2: Not the guy we’re talking about
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany Henry VIII (England)
Henry VIII desire for a male heir and divorce prompted the creation of Church of England
Marriage to Catherine of Aragon produced female heir (Mary I)
Religious changes slower in England than elsewhere middle way between Roman Catholic Church & Protestant Traditions
Henry VII: Six wives whom he beheaded!
Reformation
Reformation Outside of Germany Elizabeth I (England)
Supported establishment of Protestant English Church
Governed on consensus (agreement)
Reign became known as the Elizabethan Era
“Virgin” Queen
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany John Calvin and Calvinism
(Switzerland) French theologian that believed
people were always combating evil and religion was guidance to fight one’s tendency toward sin
Other beliefs include: Theocracy—elect those God
has chosen for salvation Predestination/Predetermined
Salvation—”God adopts some to the hope of life and adjudges others to eternal death”
Reformation
Reformation Outside Germany John Knox and
Presbyterianism (Scotland) Modified Calvin’s theocracy Beliefs include:
Sovereignty of God Authority of scriptures Importance of grace
through faith in Christ Presbyterianism becomes
national religion of Scotland
The Catholic Counter-Reformation – The Council of Trent (1545-1563
Jesuits under Ignatious of Loyola present some church reforms like building schools, gaining new converts and fighting against protestants
At the Council of Trent, 3 different Popes defined Church teachings and opposed protestants in the areas of: Scripture and Tradition Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints but mostly just reaffirm Church
doctrine
Results of Reformation
Effects of Reformation Led to series of religious wars that
culminated (ended) in the Thirty Years’ War that ended with the Peace of Westphalia
New religions (in particular, Calvinism and other Protestant sects) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries a sin
Weakened the Catholic Church and promoted new states’ powers outside of religion
Social results of Renaissance and reformation
EXPLORATIONDay 5 – Reformation and Scientific Revolution
Enduring Understandings1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment
interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
Essential Question8. How does the era of exploration reflect the above Enduring Understandings (EUs) numbers 3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas and 4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one anotherActivity1. Complete Just the causes, ideas and results of a
snapshot for exploration2. Review your homework question with your group
Beginning of the Modern World
“Modern” Globalization Phase of increasing
trade links and cultural exchange in 19th century
Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western hemispheres
Why explore?
Exploration occurred for three basic reasons1. Trade – seeking wealth in competition with
other countries1. Based on the idea of mercantilism – the
power of a country is based on its wealth and the way to achieving wealth for a country is to get gold and silver and to have a trade surplus
2. Spread Christianity3. Technological advancements made it
possible.
Revolutionary ideas
The world is round People can sail outside of the sight of
land for long periods of time and not die The wealth of a kingdom can be
increased through trade and colonization for resources
Who explored?
Spain Portugal England Netherlands (the Dutch)
Who did it?Who did it?
Results of exploration?
Major global empires for the 4 big exploring countries
Beginning of colonization African slave trade and all of its negative
consequences Exploitation and mass killings of natives in the
colonies Exportation of European ideas including
religion Great wealth – Spain and Portugal from gold,
England and the Dutch through trade
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONDay 5 – Reformation and Scientific Revolution
Enduring Understandings1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment
interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
Essential Question8. What were the major scientific discoveries of the scientific revolution? How do they affect us today?Activity1. Complete a snapshot for scientific revolution2. Review your homework question with your group
Revolutionary Thinking
The Renaissance and Reformation inspired people to challenge the accepted scientific views of ancient thinkers and the church
Geocentric theory widely accepted prior to this period
Scientific Revolution
What was the Scientific Revolution? Scholars/scientists questioned accepted
ideas about nature, earth and the universe
Old Science v. New Science Old Science based on religion and belief NEW SCIENCE based on math, logic, reason,
observation and data Inductive reasoning – observing and
understanding specific facts to develop a general theory
Scientific Revolution
Influences Renaissance
Education of the Classics Secularism Criticisms of the Catholic Church
Exploration Drive to better understand tides, weather,
winds, currents, Foreign technology-astrolabe
Scientific Revolution
New Discoveries Heliocentric Theory –sun-centered
universe Advancements in Medicine—vaccinations Scientific Instruments
Microscope Telescope
Law of Gravity Chemistry biology
Theories on the Universe 2nd C. AD- Ptolemy recorded the earth was
the center of the universe—Geocentric Theory
Scientific Revolution
Theories of the Universe 1548-Nicholas Copernicus challenges
Ptolemy’s geocentric theory and proves the Heliocentric Theory
Scientific Revolution
Theories of the Universe Johannes Kepler (1600s)—takes the
Heliocentric Theory and perfects it with the Laws of Planetary MotionOne law states that the planets orbit the
sun in elliptical orbits not circular orbits
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Francis Bacon urged scientists to draw conclusions of the world based on their own observations
Rene Descartes believed that everything should be doubted until proven by reason “I think, therefore I am.”
Newton explains law of gravity through scientific method
Boyle describes the relationship between volume, pressure and temperature
Importance
This so-called revolution was important because scientists use these approaches today – it is from scientific reasoning that our lives are longer, healthier and filled with so much useful technological developments
Influenced others to study all aspects of society—government, religion, economics, education, etc.
DAY 5 – RENAISSANCE, REFORMATION, EXPLORATION AND SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Enduring Understandings1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment
interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events.
2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another.
ActivityExplain how the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution and Exploration connects together to Illustrate EUs 2, 3 and 4 byA. Draw a flow chart that shows the causal relationship between
the Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, and the enlightenment – or -
B. Write a brief paragraph explaining the causal relationship between the renaissance, reformation, exploration and scientific revolution – or –
C. With a partner draw a cartoon that shows a discussion between several of the major players during the Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration and Scientific Revolution