Explain the importance of micronutrients in maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle. (4 marks)

Energy Balance

AMOUNT OF ENERGY AMOUNT OF TAKEN IN ENERGY USED (eating) (work, exercise etc.)

Energy Balance

The Energy Equation.

This is important for sports people because they will need to ensure they are eating the right foods but are also eating sufficient calories so that they can keep going and not lose or put on any weight.

Weight

• Intake>expenditure = increase weight

• Intake<expenditure = decrease weight

• Intake = expenditure = stay same

Explanations.

OVERWEIGHT• People who have weight in excess of normal. This is judged on

expected weight for people’s height, age and sex.UNDERWEIGHT

• Term used o describe someone who does not have the recommended amount of body fat in relation to height, age and sex

OVERFAT• A way of saying that you have more body fat than you should

have.OBESE

• A term used to describe someone who is VERY FAT.

ANOREXIC• A term used to describe an eating disorder known as anorexia

which is a loss of appetite.

Factors affecting Optimum body weight

• height

• sex

• bone structure

• muscle girth

FACTORS AFFECTING OPTIMUM BODY WEIGHT

Factors Affecting weight• Gender: A man who is the same height as a woman is

likely to be heavier this is because men tend to have more muscle and larger bones.

• Height: Although it maybe that a taller person will weigh more than a shorter person this is not always the case because bone structure, muscle girth and percentage of body weight (fat) will vary.

• Bone Structure: People have different bone structures people can be the same height but have different bone structure and therefore will weigh differently.

• Muscle Girth: People naturally have different sized muscle girths, person with bigger muscles will weigh more. Girth is measured at the widest point of the muscle.

The performers in Figure 3 will have a different optimum weight compared to performers in otherathletic activities such as sprinting and shot put.State two factors that will cause optimum weight to vary between individuals competing in the sameevent.

SOMATOTYPES

Somatotyping is a method of classifying people by their body shape. Your body type is something you are born with because it is genetically defined. Changing your diet taking part in exercise can remove fat and increase muscle mass BUT it can’t change your height or basic bone structure.

Endomorph• D is for dumpy characteristics of an endomorph

are:• Wide hips narrow shoulders.• Large Head.• Tendency to put on fat • Short tapering limbs• Round shape.

Endomorphs and Sport

• Endomorphs excel in sports requiring strength but not stamina as they will carry extra weight.

• The most obvious sport which requires participants to be heavy is sumo wrestling as this only lasts a short length of time and is all about strength.

Mesomorph• M is for muscular, characteristics of a

mesomorph are• Broad shoulders and narrow hips.• Heavy chest• Muscular body• High proportion of muscle• Strong arms and legs.• Wedge shaped

Mesomorphs in Sport• Mesomorphs can usually perform well in a wide

variety of sports, especially those which require strength, speed (power).

• These somatotypes excel in sports such as sprinting, swimming and rowing. They can also be found in team sports such as football and rugby.

EctomorphT is for tall and thin, characteristics of an ectomorph are:•Narrow shoulders and narrow hips.•Fragile delicate body.•Thin, narrow chest, abdomen and limbs•Very little muscle or body fat.•Thin straight rectangular shape

Ectomorphs in Sport• Ectomorphs have the opposite body type to

endomorphs they can be often be found in endurance events.

• Other sports that suit ectomorphs are the high jump and horse racing.

William Sheldon designed the system in which he categorised people according to their body shape. He then scored them out of 7 so for example

An extreme endomorph would be given a score 7,1,1

An extreme mesomorph would be given a score 1,7,1

An extreme Ectomorph would be given a score 1,1,7

An average person would be given a score of 4,3,3

Endomorph

Mesomorph

Ectomorph

Average Person

See if we can work out this persons somatotype score.

Mesomorph

Endomorph Ectomorph Theo Walcott

Consider his body shape and the characteristics of each of the somatotypes, discuss with the person sitting next to you and give him a score out of 7 for each of the categories starting with Endomorph, then mesomorph and finally ectomorph.

Endomorph Mesomorph Ectopmorh

1. Round in shape

2.

3.

4.

1. Muscular body

2.

3.

4.

1.Fragile and delicate frame

2.

3.

4.

Draw a table like this and add three characteristics that describe each of the somatotypes. Examples are provided

Test Your SelfPerformer Body type Reason for

advantage

sprinter

Tennis player

High jumper