Objectives: 1.  Explain how Fascist and Nazi aggression led to war in

Europe. 2.  List the reasons that made Japan eager to build an empire. 3.  Describe the American response to the war in Europe and

explain how the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor pulled the U.S. into war.

Main Idea: Depressed economic conditions and a desire to build powerful

nations led to the rise of dictators in Germany and Italy and eventually to a second global conflict.

Fascism• BrutaldictatorsdominatedEuropeinthe1920sand1930s.• TheSovietUnionwasledbyatotalitariangovernmentwhichcontrolledeveryaspectoflife.•  ItalyandGermanywereledbyfascism,whichplacedtheimportanceofthenationabovetheindividual.BenitoMussolinitookoverItalyin1922,believingItalydidnotreceiveitsfairshareforhelpingtheAlliesinWorldWarI.• AdolfHitlerwilltakeoverGermanyin1933,andwillbeginrebuildingtheGermanmilitarybreakingtheVersaillesTreaty.

Mussolini&Hitler

EuropeHeadsTowardWar• Italy,Germany,andJapanformedamilitaryalliancecalledtheAxisPowers.• ToattempttokeeppeaceinEurope,BritainandFrance(Allies)usedappeasementgivingintothedemandsoftheAxisPowerstopreventWorldWarII.•  HitlertooklandfromFrance,annexedAustria,andhalfofCzechoslovakia,takingtherestsixmonthslater.FranceandBritainPinallytellHitler,thatexpansionintoPolandwillstartWorldWarII.•  OnSeptember1,1939,GermanyblitzkrieghitsPoland.TwodayslatertheAllies(eventuallyU.S.andU.S.S.R.join)declarewarontheAxisPowers.

BlitzkriegOfPoland

Blitzkrieg• Blitzkrieg(“lightningwar”)usingtanks,artillery,andsoldierstransportedbytrainandtruckwilldominateEuropeatthestartofthewar.• Bytheendof1940,GermanywilltakeoverDenmark,Norway,Netherlands,Belgium,Luxembourg,andFrance.• HitlerwillbegintheBattleofBritainthatwilllastforsixmonths.GermanywillbombGreatBritaindailybutwillnotweakenBritainenoughforinvasion.• HitlerwillbreakatreatywiththeSovietUnionbyattackingitinJune1941.ForcingtheSovietstojointheAllies.

BattleOfBritainSt.Paul’sCathedral

CartoonOfNon‐AggressionPact

U.S.Involvement• TheU.S.willstayoutofthePightinginthebeginning,butwillusetheLend‐LeaseActtosellsuppliestotheAllies.• Japanwillbuildit’sownempireinthePaciPicandwillattackit’sbiggestthreattheU.S.bombingPearlHarboronDecember7,1941.Thenextday,theU.S.willdeclarewaronJapanjoiningtheAllies.

PearlHarborAttack

PearlHarborMemorialUSSArizona(Today)