Expert System

Concept of Expert Systems .Appearing of Expert System.Areas of Success and Failure.Examples.Advantages and disadvantages.What have been planned for it in the future.References.

Contenent

An expert system definition, generated from the concept of artificial intelligence, is a computer program that simulates the knowledge and judgment of humans.

What are expert systems?

a program that gives answers, solutions, or diagnoses, based on available information, by following procedures that apply the knowledge of an expert in some particular field.

Appearing of Expert SystemFifty years ago, before the modern era of computation began, Turing’s theorems gave hint of the idea that the computer could be used to model the symbol-manipulating processes that make up the most human of all behaviors thinking.

work began in earnest about intelligent behavior at very high levels of competence.

through the reasoning in science, began work on building a programs that would solve engineering,medical and molecular biology problems

Therefore, MYCIN program was the prototype of the

expert-level advisory system. The core of MYCIN was its knowledge base of

rules for diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases.

Appearing of Expert System

In the late 1970s an explosion of expert systems applications created a new type of professional expert systems industry.

Appearing of Expert System

Expert systems was taking place in fields such that:

Medicine.Engineering.Manufacturing.Geology.molecular biology.Financial services.Diagnostic servicing of machinery.Military signal processing.

Areas of Success and Failure

The knowledge is concept of intelligent system, simply

says that if a program is to perform well or won’t help.

It must know a great deal about the world in which it

operates.

Therefore, Expert System may not be applicable for political and social system

Areas of Success and Failure

Expert System may failure If :A company or industry change focus.The task domain size was too large and could not be

reasonably represented.The users do not perceive the problem as critical.The solutions are incorrect or inaccurate.User resistance.No one is willing to provide maintenance for the

system.Loss of key development personnel.The maintenance costs are too expensive.The system is not upgraded to continue to work with

the computing environment.

Areas of Success and Failure

MYCIN :It performs a task normally done by a human expert.It attempts to recommend appropriate therapies for patient

with bacterial infections.It uses LISP structures for writing internally rules.It uses these rules to reason backward to the clinical data

available from its goal of finding disease-causing organism.

Example : Medicine.

PXDES :It is a lung disease, X-ray diagnosis.It takes our lungs picture from upper side of body

which looks like a shadow.The shadow is used to determine the type and degree

of harm.

Example : Medicine.

ADVANTAGES:-1. It has ability to simulate human thinking.

2. It makes modification of knowledge very convenient.

3. It has ability to handle uncertain information

4. Expert advice available all the time 5. Knowledge of expert staff can be captured to some extent

before they move on.6. Can be used as a training aid to increase the expertise of staff 7. Makes rational decisions without any emotional overhead8. Does not get tired or overworked.9. Efficient way of getting answers as it does not involve

additional help staff e.g. 10. automated help systems 11. Natural language interface would make the expert system

more human 

Advantages and disadvantages.

DIS-ADVANTAGESUsually only covers a narrow range of knowledgeA lot of effort and cost has to go into making a good expert

system.Not as good as having human experts to hand.Most expert systems are menu driven which does not deal

very well with ambiguous problems.Advanced interfaces such as natural language processing still

has some way to go before they are truly effective.Does not learn from mistakes unless user feedback and

human maintenance is part of its ongoing development.Unlikely to come up with creative solutions.

Advantages and disadvantages.

What have been planned for it in the future

One fear that has been expressed occasionally in science

fiction is that human society will become decadent and

infantile; that we will leave off the pursuit of knowledge

as soon as it seems like a machine can do it better, and let

the machines do all our thinking for us. While it is less commonly expressed than the

theory that

ROBOTS WILL PHYSICALY TAKE OVER THE WORLD!

ROBOTS WILL PHYSICALY TAKE OVER THE WORLD!

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http://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/expert-system

http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=21959

References