experimental research designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/experimental research designs.pdfthe purpose of an...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Experimental
Research Designs
![Page 2: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The purpose of an experimental design is
to provide a structure for evaluating the
cause-and-effect relationship between a
set of independent and dependent
variables
![Page 3: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Two classes of factors that
jeopardize the validity of
research findings
Factors concerned with internal validity. (cause and effect)
Factors concerned with external validity (generalization).
![Page 4: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Internal validity is threatened whenever
there exists the possibility of un-controlled
extraneous variables that might otherwise
account for the results of a study.
![Page 5: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
History
Maturation
Testing
Instrumentation
Statistical regression
Differntial Selection
Research mortality
![Page 6: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
External Validity
Concerned with whether the results of a study can
be generalized beyond the study itself:
1. Population validity (when the sample does not
adequately represent the population).
2. Personological validity (when personal/
psychological characteristics interact with the
treatment).
3. Ecological validity (when the situational
characteristics of the study are not representative of
the population).
![Page 7: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Selecting a Design
1- How many independent variables are being
tested?
2. How many levels does each independent
variable have?
3. How many groups of subjects are being
tested?
4. How will subjects be selected, and how will
they be assigned to groups?
![Page 8: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Experimental Designs
Simple True Experimental
Complex True Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
![Page 9: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Experimental Designs
Simple True Experimental
Complex True Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
![Page 10: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Simple True Experimental
Characteristics
Types
Variations
![Page 11: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Characteristics of True Designs
Manipulation (treatment)
Randomization
Control group
Characteristics of simple true designs
One IV with 2 levels (T, C)
One DV
![Page 12: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types
Randomized posttest control group design
Randomized pretest-posttest control group
design
![Page 13: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Randomized posttest control group design
R T Post
R C Post
![Page 14: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Randomized pretest-posttest control group
design
R Pre T Post
R Pre C Post
![Page 15: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages of pretest design
Equivalency of groups
Can measure extent of change
Determine inclusion
Disadvantages of pretest design
Time-consuming
Sensitization to pre-test
![Page 16: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Types of Experimental Designs
Simple True Experimental
Complex True Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
![Page 17: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Characteristics of True Designs
Manipulation (treatment)
Randomization
Control group
Characteristics of simple true designs
One IV with 2 levels (T, C)
One DV
![Page 18: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Complex True Experimental
Randomized matched control group
design
Increased levels of IV
Factorial design
Multiple DVs
![Page 19: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Complex True Experimental
Randomized matched control group
design
Increased levels of IV
Factorial design
Multiple DVs
![Page 20: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Randomized matched control
group design
M R T Post
M R C Post
• Used in small samples
• cost in time & money
![Page 21: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Complex True Experimental
Randomized matched control group
design
Increased levels of IV
Factorial design
Multiple DVs
![Page 22: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Increased Levels of IV
Provides more complete information about
the relationship between the IV & DV
Detects curvilinear relationships
Examines effects of multiple treatments
![Page 23: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Perf
orm
ance level (%
com
ple
te)
Amount of reward promised ($)
DV
IV
$0 $1 $2 $3
Reward Amount
![Page 24: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Increased Levels of IVP
erf
orm
ance level (%
com
ple
te)
Amount of reward promised ($)
DV
IV
![Page 25: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Complex True Experimental
Randomized matched control group
design
Increased levels of IV
Factorial design
Multiple DVs
![Page 26: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Factorial Design
>1 IV (factor)
Simultaneously determine effects of 2 or
more factors on the DV (real world)
![Page 27: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Do differing exercise regimens (hi,
med, lo intensity) have the same effect
on men as they do on women?
3 X 2 (Exercise Regimen X Gender)
Exercise Regimen – 3 levels
Gender – 2 level
![Page 28: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Male Female
High
Medium
LowExerc
ise
Inte
nsity
Gender
![Page 29: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Do strength gains occur at the same rate in men
as they do in women over a 6 mo. training period?
Measurements are taken at 0, 2, 4, 6 mo.
2 X 4 (Gender X Time)
Time – 4 levels
Gender – 2 levels
![Page 30: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Advantages of factorial designs:
Greater protection against Type I error
More efficient
Can examine the interaction
Disadvantages:
subject # for between factor designs
![Page 31: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Complex True Experimental
Randomized matched control group
design
Increased levels of IV
Factorial design
Multiple DVs
![Page 32: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Types of Experimental Designs
Simple True Experimental
Complex True Experimental
Quasi-Experimental
![Page 33: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Characteristics of True Designs
Manipulation (treatment)
Randomization
Control group
![Page 34: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Randomized posttest control group design
R T Post
R C Post
![Page 35: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Randomized pretest-posttest control group
design
R Pre T Post
R Pre C Post
![Page 36: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One group posttest-only design
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 37: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One group posttest-only design
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 38: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Randomized posttest control group design
R T Post
R C Post
![Page 39: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
One group posttest-only design
(One shot study)
T Post
No control of IV threats
Use?
![Page 40: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One shot study
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 41: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Randomized pretest-posttest control group
design
R Pre T Post
R Pre C Post
![Page 42: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
One group pretest-posttest design
Pre T Post
•History
•Maturation
•Testing
•Instrument decay
•Regression
Use control group
![Page 43: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One shot study
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 44: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Randomized posttest control group design
R T Post
R C Post
![Page 45: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Non-equivalent control group design
(Static group comparison design)
T Post
C Post
•Selection bias
![Page 46: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One shot study
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 47: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Randomized pretest-posttest control group
design
R Pre T Post
R Pre C Post
![Page 48: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Non-equivalent control group
pretest-posttest design
Pre T Post
Pre C Post
•Can check selection bias
![Page 49: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One shot study
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 50: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Time series
Pre Pre Pre Pre T Post Post Post Post
![Page 51: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One shot study
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 52: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Quasi-experimental Designs
One shot study
One group pretest-posttest design
Non-equivalent control group design
Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design
Time series
Single subject designs (Case study)
Developmental designs
![Page 53: Experimental Research Designslib.pt.cu.edu.eg/Experimental Research Designs.pdfThe purpose of an experimental design is to provide a structure for evaluating the cause-and-effect relationship](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022042115/5e92f3cfe4d92b3428639b26/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Developmental Research Designs
Longitudinal
Powerful (within
subject)
Time consuming
Attrition
Testing effect
Cross Sectional
Less time consuming
Cohorts problem