exercise 39 anatomy of the respiratory system 1. upper respiratory system structures 2
TRANSCRIPT
Exercise 39
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
1
Upper respiratory system structures
2
Upper respiratory system structures
Nose External nares Nasal cavity Nasal septum Nasal conchae
Superior, middle, inferiorAir turbulence
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Upper respiratory system structures
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Upper respiratory system structures
MeatusSuperiorMiddleInferior
Function of the noseWarm the airMoister the airFilter the air
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Upper respiratory system structures
Olfactory receptors Paranasal sinuses
MaxillaryFrontalEthmoidalSphenoidal
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Upper respiratory system structures
Function of the paranasal sinusesResonance of the airWarm the airMoister the air
PalateSeparates the nasal cavity from the
oral cavitySoft, hardCleft palate7
Upper respiratory system structures
Oral cavity Pharynx
Nasopharynx• Above the soft palate• Internal nares• 1 Pharyngeal tonsil• Pharyngotympanic tubes• Otites media
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Upper respiratory system structures Oropharynx
From the soft palate to the epiglotisCarries food and air2 Palatine tonsils2 Lingual tonsils
LaryngopharynxPosterior and inferior to the
epiglotis
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Upper respiratory system structures
Larynx1 thyroid cartilage
• Laryngeal prominence1 cricoid cartilage2 cuneiform cartilages2 corniculate cartilages2 arytenoid cartilages
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Upper respiratory system structures
1 epiglottis cartilage (elastic cartilage) Vestibular folds Vocal ligaments or vocal cords Glottis
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Upper respiratory system structures
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Lower respiratory system structures
TracheaFrom the larynx to the sternal angleTracheal cartilages
• C-shaped• incomplete
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Lower respiratory system structures
Microscopic anatomyLumenRespiratory epithelium (mucous
membrane)• Pseudostratified columnar • Cilia• Goblet cells
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Lower respiratory system structures
SubmucosaSeromucous glands
Smooth muscle Cartilage Adventitia
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Lower respiratory system structures Bronchus
Primary• Right is wider, shorter, more
vertical• Left • Carina
Secondary• Lung hilus
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Lower respiratory system structures
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Lower respiratory system structures Tertiary…. Bronchioles (no cartilage)
TerminalRespiratory
Microscopic anatomy of bronchiLumenRespiratory epitheliumSmooth muscleHyaline cartilage
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Respiratory Zone
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Lower respiratory system structures Alveolar sac Alveolar duct Alveoli
Simple squamous epithelium Air-blood barrier (respiratory
membrane)Capillary wallAlveoli wall
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Lower respiratory system structures
Respiratory zone structuresRespiratory bronchiolesAlveolar ductsAlveolar sacs
Conducting zone structuresAll the other respiratory structuresAnatomical dead space
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Lower respiratory system structures Lungs
ApexBaseRoot
• Connection with mediastinumHilusCostal surfaceCardiac notch (left lung)
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Lower respiratory system structures Lobes
3 on the right2 on the left
FissuresRight lung
• Horizontal and obliqueLeft lung
• Oblique
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Lower respiratory system structures
PleuraVisceralParietalPleural cavityPleural fluid
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Microscopic Structures
TracheaPseudostratified ciliated epithelium
• Goblet cellsLamina propriaHyaline cartilage
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Microscopic Structures
Bronchus Bronchioles Lungs
Alveolar sacsAlveolus
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Cat Structures to be identified
TracheaThyroid cartilage
Primary bronchiRightLeft
Secondary bronchiRight Left
Lungs27