exercise 38 the lymphatic system and immune response
TRANSCRIPT
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Exercise 38
The Lymphatic System and Immune Response
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Lymphatic System
Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic tissues
Tonsils Primary lymphatic organs
Thymus and Bone marrow Secondary lymphatic organs
Lymph nodes, spleen
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Lymphatic System
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Lymphatic System
LymphFluid lost from the capillariesEdema
Functions of the lymphatic system:Transport lymph to the blood vesselsProtects the body
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Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic capillaries Lymphatic collecting vessels Lymphatic trunk Right lymphatic duct - drains lymph
from:Head right upper extremityRight thoraxDrains into right subclavian vein
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Lymphatic vessels
Thoracic duct – drains lymph from:Rest of the bodyDrains into left subclavian vein
Cisterna chyli Characteristic of the lymphatic vessels
Walls with 3 tunicsPresence of valvesPresence of abundant anastomoses
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Lymphatic vessels
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Primary lymphoid organs
Bone marrowContain the stem cell that will give
rise to all lymphocytesSite of B cell differentiation or
immunocompetency Thymus
Site of T cell differentiation or immunocompetency
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Thymus
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Secondary lymphatic organs
Lymph nodesBean-shaped NumerousRegional lymph nodes:
• Cervical• Axillary• Inguinal, etc
HilusAfferent and efferent vessels
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Secondary lymphatic organs
MicroscopyCapsule and subcapsular sinusTrabeculaCortex
• Outer cortex (follicles)• Germinal center containing
dividing B cells• Deep cortex or paracortical area
• Contain T cells
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Secondary lymphatic organs
Medulla• Medullary cords• Medullary sinuses• Contain macrophages and plasma
cells
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Secondary lymphatic organs
SpleenCapsuleWhite pulp
• Central artery• Lymphocytes
Red pulp• Venous sinuses• Reticular tissue• Macrophages arranged I splenic
cords
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Spleen
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Lymphoid tissues
TonsilsOne pharingeal Two palatinesTwo lingualsPresence of germinal centerPresence of crypts
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Tonsils
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The immune response It is a systemic response Destroys or neutralizes foreign substances Characteristics of immune responses
Memory• Immunocompetent lymphocytes are
monospecificSpecificityAbility to differentiate self from nonself
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The immune response
AntigensForeign proteinsPolysaccharidesHaptens
Lymphocytes Responsible for the immune
response Autoimmunity
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Organ, cells and cell interaction of the immune response
Hemocytoblasts in the bone marrow give rise to lymphocytes
Types of Lymphocytes:B - will stay in the bone marrow for
maturation (immunocompetence)T - will migrate to thymus for
maturation (immunocompetence)Natural Killers
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Organ, cells and cell interaction of the immune response
B and T cell will then leave bone marrow and thymus, enter the blood stream and travel to secondary lymphatic organs Site for clonal selection
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Organ, cells and cell interaction of the immune response
B and T cell will bind to specific antigens and then undergo clonal multiplication
B cell may becomeMemoryPlasma cellHumoral immunity
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Organ, cells and cell interaction of the immune response
T cell may becomeMemoryCytotoxicHelperSuppressorCellular immunity
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Antibodies and tests for their presence
Characteristics of antibodies or Immunoglobulins (Igs)Produced only by plasma cellsThey are plasma proteins
(gamaglobulins)Found in all body secretions
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Antibodies and tests for their presence
Classes of antibodiesIgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE
Structure of the immunoglobulins2 heavy chains2 light chains
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Antibody