the lymphatic and immune systems main structures of the lymphatic system lymphatic vessels main...
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The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Main structures of the lymphatic system Lymphatic vessels
Main components of the immune system Lymphocytes Lymphoid tissue Lymphoid organs
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The Lymphatic System
Lymphatic vessels collect tissue fluid from loose connective tissue Carry fluid to great
veins in the neck Fluid flows only
toward the heart
Figure 20.1
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Functions of Lymphatic Vessels
Collect excess tissue fluid and blood proteins Return tissue fluid and blood proteins to
bloodstream
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Orders of Lymphatic Vessels
Lymph capillaries Smallest lymph vessels
First to receive lymph
Lymphatic collecting vessels Collect from lymph capillaries
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Orders of Lymphatic Vessels
Lymph nodes Scattered along collecting vessels
Lymph trunks Collect lymph from collecting vessels
Lymph ducts Empty into veins of the neck
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Lymphatic Capillaries
Located near blood capillaries Receive tissue fluid from CT
Increased volume of tissue fluid Minivalve flaps open and allow fluid to enter
Highly permeability allows entrance of Tissue fluid Bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells
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Lymphatic Capillaries
Lacteals – specialized lymphatic capillaries Located in the villi of the small intestines
Receive digested fats Fatty lymph – chyle
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Location and Structure of Lymphatic Capillaries
Figure 20.2a, b
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Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
Accompany blood vessels Composed of the same three tunics as blood
vessels Contain more valves than veins do
Helps direct the flow of blood Lymph propelled by
Bulging of skeletal muscles Pulsing of nearby arteries Tunica media of the lymph vessels
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Lymph Nodes
Cleanse the lymph of pathogens Human body contains around 500 Lymph nodes are organized in clusters
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Lymph Nodes
Figure 20.3
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Microscopic Anatomy of a Lymph Node
Fibrous capsule – surrounds lymph nodes Trabeculae – connective tissue strands Lymph vessels
Afferent lymphatic vessels Efferent lymphatic vessels
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Microscopic Anatomy of a Lymph Node
Figure 20.4a
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Lymph Trunks
Lymphatic collecting vessels converge Five major lymph trunks
Lumbar trunksReceives lymph from lower limbs
Intestinal trunkReceives chyle from digestive organs
Bronchomediastinal trunksCollects lymph from thoracic viscera
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Lymph Trunks
Five major lymph trunks (continued) Subclavian trunks
Receive lymph from upper limbs and thoracic wall
Jugular trunksDrain lymph from the head and neck
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Overview of the Lymph Nodes, Trunks, and Ducts
Figure 20.3
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The Lymphatic Trunks
Figure 20.6a
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Lymph Ducts
Cisterna chyli Located at the union of lumbar and intestinal
trunks
Thoracic duct Ascends along vertebral bodies Empties into venous circulation
Junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins
Drains three quarters of the body
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Lymph Ducts
Right lymphatic duct Empties into right internal jugular and subclavian
veins