executive summary - oconomowoc schools

Executive Summary

DETAILED ENERGY STUDY REPORT JULY15, 2014

Introduction McKinstry is pleased to have been given the opportunity to work with the Oconomowoc Area School District (the District) in supporting your efforts to make improvements to your facilities. We believe our experience, knowledge, and expertise can assist the district in optimizing their building systems to increase reliability, insure stability, and improve overall performance.

On December 11, 2013, McKinstry presented a preliminary scoping audit report for the District. The district facilities and McKinstry engineering team expressed a desire and need to retrofit key building systems and related infrastructure.

McKinstry is continuing this investigation and would be pleased to partner with the District. Optimization of your building systems in support of your educational mission is comprehensive by design. As a consequence, we believe our proposed solutions will result in lower energy use, improved building system performance, and provide better financial predictability.

McKinstry supports facilities across their full facility lifecycle—designing, building, operating, maintaining, and optimization. We bring a unique focus to the district improvement project by having a breadth of facility improvement capabilities and critical environment experience. Through our engineering expertise in energy efficiency and facility optimization we have worked to develop solutions that will increase your system reliability and decrease your costs. McKinstry brings unique school district expertise in engineering, management, and maintenance of client facilities.

Opportunity The Oconomowoc Area School District’s mission to support education is challenged to respond to changing needs, environmental conditions, security issues, and compliance requirements. In many school district cases, network components and technology are continuing to evolve while their critical physical infrastructure and support operations have a tendency to lag behind.

The opportunity is dependent upon a comprehensive solution which incorporates, but is not limited to, master planning, risk mitigation, capital planning, and guaranteed financial pro-formas.

McKinstry would like to continue to work in close coordination with your site management on realistic and cost effective facility solutions that consider the highest standards of system reliability and redundancy. We would also examine your energy use impacts, operational and capital cost avoidance, risk mitigation, infrastructure support, and other property system improvements.

OCONOMOWOC SNAPSHOT

This program represents an excellent opportunity for the District to significantly improve its facility operational performance by reducing utility expenditures, extending life of existing assets, and addressing operational risk with an increased “financial predictability” approach.

$1,033,776 Annual Utility Cost

$632,727 Annual Electric Cost 4,901,953 kWh

$363,851 Annual Gas Cost 389,470 Therms

884,044 GSF

62,980 BTU per GSF $1.17 Cost per GSF

Executive Summary


Solution Our report outlines our rough order of magnitude (ROM) results and a facility improvement measures (FIM) list with savings and investment ranges. This creates a foundation to later provide the District with a final audit along with the potential for a comprehensive facility conditions report and an investment grade audit (IGA) to help with future budgeting and overall improvement of the life of your buildings. It is McKinstry’s intent to aid the District’s commitment to excellence in curriculum and provide a positive learning environment for each student to develop lifelong learning skills, values, and knowledge.

Our Project Team McKinstry is committed to building a long-term relationship with the District through our collaborative approach. Our local project team, based out of McKinstry’s Madison and Milwaukee offices, is highly qualified and has remarkable experience in providing energy services in the Midwest. Our ability to attract the best talent demonstrates our dedication to our employees and our clients.

McKinstry also brings extensive expertise in school district facility requirements. Our team will deploy best-practice methodologies and engineering expertise to identify improvement opportunities and potential deficiencies within your facility and networked systems. We would be pleased to work further with the District as a partner in planning and developing a program that exceeds financial, facility, educational, engineering, professional, and operational objectives to create a seamless project implementation. The recommendations presented will help the District improve critical infrastructure and extend the life of your buildings.

Kevin Korn: Account Executive

Dan Choi: Regional Business Development Manager

Matt DeMeuse: Operations Manager

Sean Currie: Senior Program Manager

Ellie Gilliam: Program Manager

Don Swanson: Senior Design Engineer

Brittany Pfaff: Energy Engineer

Tom Tainter: Commissioning Program Manager

MCKINSTRY AT-A-GLANCE

• Established 1960 • Over 2,000 employees • 25 locations • 80+ Professional Engineers • 50+ Certified Energy

Managers • 100+ LEED Accredited

Professionals and Green Associates

MCKINSTRY EXPERIENCE

$20+ million

Customer utility savings guaranteed

$100+ million

Grants & rebates secured for clients

636+ million

Kilowatt hours saved

453+ thousand

Metric tons of CO2 saved

91+ million

Gas Therms saved

CO2 emission reductions resulting from McKinstry projects have environmental impacts equal to:

3,200+ acres

Forest acres saved from destruction

51.5+ million

Gallons of gas not used

83+ thousand

Cars taken off the road

40+ thousand

Homes taken off the power grid

Process & Timeline

Project Development Phase

A detailed energy study (DES) has been performed in order to determine the scope, cost of implementation, and level of savings. This is to ensure that the Board of Education will have ample information to make a definitive decision about the scope of the referendum and energy efficiency project.

In the event the district chooses to utilize the Energy Exemption (EERLE) for fiscal year 2015-16, the following major activities should be accomplished prior to levy adoption by November 1, 2015:

Action Item Date

Administration/McKinstry present study and make recommendation July 15, 2014

Board adopts initial resolution for a borrowing not to exceed budget TBD

Public Hearing (30-day petition period begins following the hearing) TBD

Board to approve Energy Services Performance Contract TBD

Secure funding TBD

Board sets the 2015 levy and adopts a resolution to exceed the revenue limit for estimated debt service on the energy exemption borrowing TBD

Implementation Phase The implementation phase begins when the contract is approved and funding is secured. Major activities in the implementation phase include:

• Award final design and construction subcontracts • Construction period • Project review meetings • Secure rebates and other incentives • Project closeout and commissioning • End-user training • Savings measurement and verification

Rough Order of Magnitude

Introduction

ROM is a rough estimate of the possible energy savings, along with the cost to gain those savings, for a project. This is done during the initial facility condition assessment. The purpose of this is to provide the customer with an idea of what the project is able to entail and the impact it would have on their buildings. This gives the customer the opportunity to plan and budget for the upcoming project.

As part of the initial facility condition assessment process, baseline annual utility information is consolidated based on data provided by the District. Below is data compiled for use of one year.

Table 4.2 ROM See attached tables.

Average Annual Utilities Total Utilities

Use Cost Use CostkWh $ Therms $

Total 947,554$ 4,901,953 632,727$ 389,470 277,628$ Greenland Elementary School 53,969$ 280,114 33,817$ 29,289 20,152$ Meadowview Elementary School 71,589$ 315,522 39,791$ 43,567 31,798$ Park Lawn Elementary School 62,442$ 240,345 32,085$ 34,285 23,881$ Ixonia Elementary School 37,366$ 190,301 26,074$ 15,658 11,292$ Summit Elementary School 89,110$ 547,719 70,454$ 32,686 18,656$ Nature Hill Intermediate School 119,607$ 623,710 88,665$ 44,089 30,942$ Silver Lake Intermediate School 124,398$ 661,673 93,776$ 43,696 30,622$ Oconomowoc High School 389,073$ 2,042,569 248,065$ 146,200 110,285$

Electric Natural Gas

Facility $

Building Histories

SF kBtu/SF kBtu/SF kBtu/SFGreenland Elementary School 67,200 14.2 43.6 57.8Meadowview Elementary School 62,054 17.4 70.2 87.6Park Lawn Elementary School 63,818 12.9 53.7 66.6Ixonia Elementary School 32,523 20.0 48.1 68.1Summit Elementary School 76,830 24.3 42.5 66.9Nature Hill Intermediate School 124,000 17.2 35.6 52.7Silver Lake Intermediate School 124,000 18.2 35.2 53.5Oconomowoc High School 333,619 20.9 43.8 64.7

Facility

Energy Use Intensity (EUI)

Area Electric Natural Gas Total

FACILITY IMPROVEMENT MEASURES

A. ACRONYM KEYS 1

I. OCONOMOWOC SCHOOL DISTRICT SITES 1

II. ENERGY EFFICIENCY TERMINOLOGY 1

B. HEATING SYSTEM - BOILER UPGRADE 2

C. HEATING SYSTEM - STEAM TO HOT WATER CONVERSION 3

D. CHILLED WATER SYSTEM 4

E. OTHER HVAC WORK - REPLACE UNIT VENTILATORS, UNIT HEATERS, AIR HANDLING UNITS & CONVECTORS, ROOF TOP UNITS, VAV’S, FAN COIL UNITS, ETC. 5-6

F. UPGRADE HVAC CONTROLS SYSTEM 7

G. RE-COMMISSIONING 8

H. ADDITION OF GENERATOR 9

I. INTERIOR LIGHTING 10

J. EXTERIOR LIGHTING 11

K. HELPFUL LIGHTING INFORMATION 12

L. WIND TURBINE 13

M. BUILDING ENVELOPE 14

N. ROOF REPLACEMENT 15

O. BUILDING FAÇADE 16-18

P. WINDOW REPLACEMENT 19

Q. WATER CONSERVATION 20

R. DOOR HARDWARE 21

S. FLOORING UPGRADES 22

T. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM UPGRADES 22

U. ASPHALT IMPROVEMETNS 23

V. EXTERIOR CONCRETE 24

W. SECURITY 25

Facility Improvement Measures

DETAILED ENERGY STUDY REPORT JULY 15, 2014

DETAILED ENERGY STUDY REPORT JULY 15, 2014



Facility Improvement Summary The following is a list of McKinstry’s observations at the Oconomowoc Area School District as part of the DES. This document supplements the list of FIMs that was presented to the Oconomowoc School District on June 12, 2014 in Table 4.2 ROM.

ACRONYM KEYS

OCONOMOWOC AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT SITES

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TERMINOLOGY

GES = Greenland Elementary School IES = Ixonia Elementary School

MES = Meadowview Elementary School NHIS = Nature Hill Intermediate School

OHS = Oconomowoc High School PLES = Park Lawn Elementary School

SES = Summit Elementary School SLIS = Silver Lake Intermediate School

Acronym Acronym Defined Acronym Explanation

AHU Air Handling Unit Used to condition and circulate air and the efficiency is determined by the amount of energy needed to move a given quantity of air through the system.

BTU British Thermal Unit The measure of the amount of energy needed to heat or cool a medium.

DCV Demand Controlled Ventilation A system to supply ventilated air based on actual occupancy rather than an assumed scenario.

DDC Direct Digital Control An automated controls system that uses a digital device opposed to a pneumatic system. Precise temperature control is a positive direct energy influence with DDC.

DX Direct Expansion Used for cooling space directly by the refrigerant in the cooling coil of an AHU and has a high efficiency due to the direct cooling.

EDH Electric Duct Heater A heating system with electric heating elements installed in longitudinal panels, usually along the baseboards of exterior walls.

HVAC Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning The categorization of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort technology.

HW Hot Water Term usually used with converting hot water heaters from electric to gas - a more efficient heating process.

IT Information Technology Involves the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data.

LED Light Emitting Diode The most efficient lighting option as it uses an electric current to emit light.MBH Thousands of BTUs per Hour A rate of energy.RTU Roof Top Unit An AHU made specifically for outdoor installation.

UH Unit Heater A heater that consists of a fan or blower and an indirect radiator enclosed in a common casing; designed to circulate and warm the air of a continuous enclosed space.

UV Unit Ventilator An operable air-inlet damper which furnishes outdoor air to an interior space; air may be provided with a filter and heating and/or cooling coils.

VAV Variable Air Volume An HVAC system that varies the air flow rate to maintain a stable supply-air temperature. Conserves energy through lower fan speeds at lower temperature demands.

VFD Variable Frequency Drive An electronic controller that adjusts the speed of an electric motor based on the power demand. Reduces energy use and maintenance of equipment.

VRF Variable Refrigerant Flow An HVAC technology that uses refrigerant as the cooling and heating medium instead of hot water.



HEATING SYSTEM - BOILER UPGRADE

Example Photo(s) of Existing Buildings Affected

GES

MES

Existing Conditions

GES currently has a gas fired furnace heating system which uses a two cell tunnel system as a dual duct heating system. Using these uninsulated concrete tunnels as a duct for air conditioning will lead to condensation and eventually mold.

MES currently has two Pacific hot water boilers for the heating system that are reaching the end of their useful life, which in turn causes them to run less efficient.

Proposed Recommendation It is recommended to remove the existing gas fired furnace system in GES, and install a new hot water system. The new hot water system would include new hot water boilers for the old furnace room with associated pumps, piping distribution, and venting. Since this hot water system would be new, it could be designed with a 140 or 150 degree discharge temperature to help assure the return water temperature would be below 140 degrees to allow the boilers to condense all winter and operate at the higher efficiency. Hot water piping would need to be installed to serve all the reheat coils in the building.

For MES, it is recommended to replace the existing boilers with three new, more efficient hot water boilers-one condensing & two non-condensing-to reduce heating costs. The new hot water system would include new hot water boilers & associated pumps, along with new hot water piping distribution & venting.



HEATING SYSTEM - STEAM TO HOT WATER CONVERSION


IES

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

IES currently has two Kewanee steam boilers, each with a capacity of 950 MBH, with steam converters to convert to hot water. OHS has two existing Cleaver Brooks steam boilers, while PLES also has an existing steam system that is used for heating the building.

All three schools’ steam boilers are beyond their useful life causing the systems to run decreasingly less efficient as the years go on, thus increasing heating and maintenance costs.

Proposed Recommendation Overall, all three schools should replace existing steam systems with new hot water systems that would include new hot water boilers, associated pumps, piping distribution, and venting. The recommendation for IES is to install a new hot water system including new hot water boilers & associated pumps, as well as new hot water piping distribution and venting. The existing steam boilers would be replaced with two condensing boilers, and existing steam devices would be replaced with hot water (14 4-pipe UVs, 10 convectors & 12 UHs). The new hot water system would be designed to operate at 140 or 150 degrees supply water temperature to allow for higher efficiency performance. For OHS, installation of new HVAC systems that are sized properly and have capabilities for better part load control would be beneficial. The most efficient way to do this is to have a unit with multiple compressors and a variable volume fan.

It is recommended for PLES to remove the existing steam boiler and all steam terminals, as well as abandon steam piping in tunnels and seal pipe penetrations into and out of the tunnels. It would be favorable to eliminate the piping in the tunnels, but the overhead access is very tight.



CHILLED WATER SYSTEM


GES

IES

MES

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

Four of the elementary schools – GES, IES, MES, and PLES – do not have any chilled water systems.

The high school does have a few small chiller systems, however, a larger system is preferred.

Proposed Recommendation Throughout the affected buildings of GES, IES, MES, and OHS, it is recommended for a new chilled water system with an air cooled chiller to be installed.

Specifically, GES and MES are recommended to have a chilled water system installed that includes one chiller, associated pumps & VFDs, new chilled water piping distribution, and glycol.

IES is recommended to add a chilled water system in their facility that uses a split air cooled chiller package.

OHS is recommended to install a chilled water system including three chillers, associated pumps & VFDs, new chilled water piping distribution, and glycol. A proposed location for the chillers would be on the ground near the existing power plant. Adding cooling to the gym could happen using the central chiller system. A chiller system designed to take care of a normal school day load in the gym should be sufficient. When there is a special event in the evening or on a weekend, the setback load on the school should allow for the full cooling of the gymnasium without accounting for the full occupied load in addition to the schools fully occupied load. The addition of a chiller plant can be staged, but only after the entire system has been designed with a phased implementation in mind.

For PLES, adding a cooling system to would require a new chilled water distribution piping as well. It is recommended to install a 125 ton chiller and two associate pumps along with VFDs, controls, and new electrical service.



OTHER HVAC WORK - REPLACE UNIT VENTILATORS, UNIT HEATERS, AIR HANDLING UNITS & CONVECTORS, ROOF TOP UNITS, VAV’S, FAN COIL UNITS, ETC.


GES

IES

MES

OHS

PLES

SES (VFDs)

Existing Conditions

The majority of existing equipment in all affected buildings are old units that are either approaching or have reached their useful life resulting in inefficient operation.

Specifically in IES, the older section of the building has three small AHU’s – serving the office, gymnasium, and kitchen corridors. Classroom units are unit ventilators, upper level units are floor mounted, and the lower level units are horizontal ceiling hung units. Some units have ducted intake and discharge, while other units have a grille discharge. The newer addition is served from a York AHU AP150 moving 7600 cubic feet per minute and operates as a constant volume unit.

In PLES, the constant volume office area RTU has electric reheats and fans that must remain on 24/7/365 to provide for reheats. Currently steam unit vents are used in the facilities.

Specific to SES, the Gymnasium and Café have single zone AHU’s.

Proposed Recommendation The proposed recommendation for GES is to modify the library RTU and add VFD and nine HW VAV boxes. The addition of an RTU to the old gym and modification of the existing duct work is also recommended. Classrooms should have a new AHU installed and 28 HW VAV boxes added. Other recommendations to include installation of a new RTU for the new addition along with twelve new HW VAV boxes and six new 4-pipe fan coils to serve service spaces.

IES recommendations include the replacement of existing steam devices with hot water (14 4-pipe UVs, 10 convectors, and 12 UHs), three existing AHUs with new heating & cooling units, and an existing York DX coil with chilled water.

For MES, it is recommended to install new control valves for all existing radiation in the building. Installation of a new dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) with a heat recovery wheel and heating and cooling capabilities is recommended. The installation of new 2-pipe fan coil units for



each space for cooling only is also recommended. The existing unit ventilators in the cafeteria should be replaced with new 4-pipe unit ventilators. MES should also replace four existing AHU’s with new units that include heating and cooling coils capable of a full economizer, VAV system operation, and VFDs for the gymnasium, lockers, PE offices, library, chapel, classrooms 120/121, and room 130 below the cafeteria. The addition of a new RTU to serve the administrative office on the west end of the third floor is also recommended.

For OHS, replacement of the penthouse AHUs & RTUs (including 10 AHUs, 6 RTUs) with equal new units for heating and chilled water cooling, the four AHUs for the upper gymnasium, and the AHUs serving the lobby, locker room, wood/power/metal shop, and kitchen units is recommended. Demo of condensing units and refrigerant recovery should be done. Facility should also modify the Science & Storage room heating to include the installation of 16 cabinet heaters. It has also been discussed to convert the zone control from a constant volume reheat system to a VAV reheat system. This zone control conversion could take place independent of the RTU replacement as long as the fan control issue and part load cooling issues can be addressed.

Recommendations for PLES include the replacement of 25 unit ventilators with 4-pipe UVs and five existing RTUs with new units. All remaining RTU’s should be converted to cooling and VAVs to be used with hot water reheat. Units that provide heating and cooling should be converted to steam. Along with this, there is the recommendation of adding a possible VRF system with ducted/tempered outside air to each unit. PLES should also convert the two gymnasium zone AHU’s to occupancy based VAV with CO2 DCV and add occupancy sensors to interlock to all VAVs. Reduction of flows during standby is suggested as well. The addition of discharge air temperature and static pressure resets to all VAV AHU’s based upon the actual loads as registered at the VAV controllers would also be beneficial in maintaining a comfortable environment for all occupants.

In SES, it is recommended for VFD’s and new motors to be installed on the return fans for AHU’s 3 and 4. The facility should also convert four electric reheat coils on VAV boxes from electric to hot water.

HVAC control upgrades are also included in this measure for MES, IES, GES, and PLES. It is suggested to install a new Trane control system to standardize all sites and improve the quality and execution of the system. Further recommendation would be for OHS to add occupancy based controls to all VAV’s, PLES to add occupancy sensors to all rooms, and MES to add occupancy sensors to the board room RTU to allow for cycling to turn off when no one is present.

It is proposed for IES to install all new DDC controls to serve the new HVAC systems and a new specified electrical service should be provided. SES is recommended to convert nine EDHs to HW VAV boxes for increase energy efficiency and modify existing Trane controls to incorporate the new equipment. SES control upgrade would be low priority - purpose of low priority list is to delineate the improvement measures have been considered, but will be revisited for future upgrades.



UPGRADE HVAC CONTROLS SYSTEM


NHIS

SLIS

Existing Conditions

Current control systems are outdated and need to be upgraded in order to be compatible with new systems to properly interface.

Proposed Recommendation Specifically itemized are HVAC control upgrades for NHIS and SLIS. The proposed recommendation for the HVAC controls systems at NHIS and SLIS is to add occupancy and CO2 sensors for the gymnasium units, along with occupancy sensors for each of the VAV boxes and connection into DDC box controls. Each school’s AHU controls (units 1 through 5) should be modified for critical zone reset. Critical zone reset operation allows for controlled airflow as more horsepower can be saved by reducing airflow than by increasing air temperature. Air flow paths should also be modified with the installation of soffits.

Upgrades for NHIS, and SLIS would be low priority - purpose of low priority list is to delineate the improvement measures have been considered, but will be revisited for future upgrades.



RE-COMMISSIONING


NHIS

SES

SLIS

Existing Conditions

Specific areas that should be addressed for re-commissioning in NHIS, SES, and SLIS would be the review of the potential to disable the hot water boilers during the summer months and the review of the existing ice storage (SES only) and chiller controls in the building.

Proposed Recommendation McKinstry would conduct a re-commissioning study to identify low-cost and no-cost savings opportunities. The re-commissioning study would include the validation of the work we are proposing to do via the basis of design. This study would be done to ensure installation is done properly and that all upgrades are working correctly so that actual savings are comparative with guaranteed savings.

In all three school sites, the occupancy based VAVs would make the disablement of the hot water boilers during summer months easier to accomplish.



ADDITION OF GENERATOR

Example Photo(s) of PROPOSED Buildings Affected

GES

IES

MES

PLES

SES

Existing Conditions

These sites (GES, IES, MES, PLES, & SES) currently do not have a generator. Some sites may have a battery backup for emergency lighting and other small-scale electricity needs (i.e. smoke and fire alarm systems), however those batteries do not have the ability to support the full needs for the sites in case of interruption of power.

Proposed Recommendation The proposed recommendation for all five sites is to include an adequate sized generator for each building in the scope of work for these schools. Specifically, a 100 kW generator for IES, a 125 kW for GES, MES, & PLES, and a 150 kW for SES. The following will be connected to the new generator at each site:

- All exit lights - Selected corridor and gym lighting - Gym boiler, pumps, and AHU - Fire alarm panel - Server room power - Boiler pumps to keep water moving

Equipment installed as part of this FIM will interface with electrical systems at each site.



INTERIOR LIGHTING


GES PLES

IES SES

MES SLIS

NHIS

OHS

Existing Conditions

For GES, IES, MES, OHS, PLES, and SES, the following are existing interior lighting conditions:

- T12, T10 and T8 32W lamps with magnetic ballasts - CFLs - Non-LED Exit Signs

For NHIS and SLIS, the following are existing interior lighting conditions:

- T8 32W lamps - CFLs - Non-LED Exit Signs

Proposed Recommendation #1

For GES, IES, MES, OHS, PLES, and SES, it is recommended to replace existing T12, T10, and T8 32W fluorescent lamps and magnetic ballasts with 28W high-efficiency fluorescent lamps and electronic ballasts. Occupancy and daylighting sensors should be added where appropriate to reduce burn time and thus, electricity needs. Additionally, CFLs should be converted to LEDs where financially beneficial, and any non-LED exit signs should be upgraded to LED technology to further reduce electricity usage and costs.

It is recommended for NHIS and SLIS to replace existing T8 32W lamps with 28W lamps. Occupancy and daylighting sensors should be added where appropriate to reduce burn time and electricity needs. Additionally, CFLs should be converted to LEDs where financially beneficial, and any non-LED exit signs should be upgraded to LED technology to further reduce electricity usage and costs.

Proposed Recommendation #2

A second interior lighting option would be to upgrade all existing interior lighting for GES, IES, MES, and PLES to LED lighting. The “newer” schools-NHIS, SLIS, & SES-would also have interior LED lighting upgrades. These sites however,would be low priority – purpose of low priority list is to delineate the improvement measures have been considered, but will be revisited for future upgrades.

*See helpful lighting information for explanation of lighting terms and lighting option comparisons.



EXTERIOR LIGHTING


GES SES

IES SLIS

MES

NHIS

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

Exterior high intensity discharge (HID) lights are existing exterior conditions for all sites. HID lights are a type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc. Once the arc is made, it takes time to heat up and reach its full light intensity.

Proposed Recommendation

Upgrade exterior HID lights with new LED fixtures. LEDs have a higher system efficiency and slower lumen depreciation (the light emitted lessens over time) which provides a higher overall efficiency than HIDs.

*See helpful lighting information for explanation of lighting terms and lighting option comparisons.



HELPFUL LIGHTING INFORMATION

Answer

The smaller the bulb, the more energy efficient the light is.

Colour Rendering Index (CRI) indicates the quality of light.

Lumens per Watt (LPW) indicates the quantity of light measured.How is efficiency measured?

What does the alpha numeric code for each bulb mean?

(What does T5 mean?)

Common Question

The letter "T" stands for tubular" and the number indicates the diameter of the bulb.

How does the diameter of the bulb affect light output?

ComparisonLight T5 T8 T10 T12

Bulb Size 5/8 inch 8/8 inch 10/8 inch 12/8 inch

Efficiency Highest High - Old & Inefficent

Magnetic Ballast

Use circuits to control the flow of current. These are able to precisely manage the flow of current and are smaller and lighter than magnetic ballasts.

Older devices that use a magnetic transformer made of a steel core and copper windings. These are only able to maintain a low current around 60 hertz which can cause flickering in the bulb.

Electronic Ballast



WIND TURBINE

Example Photo(s) of PROPOSED Buildings Affected

OHS (proposed site)

Existing Conditions

No Oconomowoc Area School District sites currently have a wind turbine.


Install a wind turbine to offset a portion of the electrical usage.

Average Wind Speed for Area: 6.5 m/s (14.5 mph)Annual kWh Usage: 2,042,569 kWhModelRated PowerMax Output PowerRotor DiameterRotor HeightCut-in Wind SpeedRated Wind Speed

Estimated Output/Year (kWh/yr) based on average wind speed 6 m/s

Percentage of kWh Usage

Wind TurbineGrid-off Controller Grid-off Inverter

rooftop (2 m = 6.56 ft)

monopole (6 m = 19.7 ft)





$480 $980 $480 $980 $560 $1,120TOTAL COST $2,620 $3,120 $3,410 $3,910 $4,460 $5,020

*Prices are to be understood FOB, including packing. Shipment and installation are excluded.

$3,100560 / $880 (48V/MPPT 24V

$450

1927

0.09%

Tower

Costs

1.6 m (5.25 ft)800 W600 W 1000 W

1500 W

10 m/s (22.3 mph)2.0 m/s (4.46 mph)

2.8 m (9.19 ft)2.0 m (6.56 ft)

600 W 1 kW

$310$350 / $500 (24V/48V)

$2,270

0.07%

1401

10 m/s (22.3 mph)1.5 m/s (3.35 mph)

1.8 m (5.91 ft)

683

0.03%

300 W

$1,480 $350 / $450 (24 V/12V)

$310

Production

300 W400 W

1.2 m (3.94 ft)1.6 m (5.25 ft)

1.5 m/s (3.35 mph)10 m/s (22.3 mph)



BUILDING ENVELOPE


GES SES

IES SLIS

MES

NHIS

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

Throughout the buildings, there are numerous areas where the seal of the building is failing which creates unwanted air exchange. Air leakage is defined as, “the uncontrolled migration of conditioned air through the building envelope” caused by pressure differences due to wind, chimney effect and mechanical systems. It has been shown to represent the single largest source of heat loss or gain through the building envelope of nearly all types of buildings.


In order to improve this measure, the recommendation for all sites is to control air leakage in exterior doors and roof-to-wall connections by sealing any gaps, cracks, or holes using appropriate materials such as foam, caulks, and appropriate weather-stripping materials. This would help facilitate heat and air retention in the buildings to improve energy savings. Besides energy savings, this work would increase thermal comfort of occupants, limit ingress of contaminants from outside and the imbalance of mechanical systems, and the structural integrity of the building envelope through moisture migration.

Energy savings will be realized when air is not allowed to infiltrate or escape the building helping lower energy consumption.

Dust from improperly sealed door strip



ROOF REPLACEMENT


GES

IES

MES

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

The roofs are comprised of ballasted (ethylene propylene diene monomer) EPDM single ply roof systems and fully adhered EPDM single ply roof systems. The roofs are aging and reaching the end of their useful life. The roof areas listed below are out of warranty and showing visible signs of deterioration.


GES – Replace or Repair Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the roof.

IES – Replace or repair sections 1, 2, 4, and 4a of the roof.

MES – Replace or repair sections 3, 5, 6, 7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the roof.

OHS – Replace or repair sections 3 - 30 of the roof, excluding sections 5, 7.

PLES – Replace or repair sections 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the roof.

*Reference Velcheck & Finger Roof Consulting and Service facility summary report (from spring 2009) for each site. The facility summary report includes roof section data, inspection report, photo report, and recommendations/repairs.

In the case of roofing, the difference between repair and replace could be a difference in money savings for the Oconomowoc Area School District in the long run. A repair of a roof is usually a short-term fix that will end up needing further assistance down the road. A full replacement of a roof would be a long-term fix that would ensure proper roofing for many students and faculty to enjoy for many years with low maintenance for staff.



BUILDING FAÇADE


GES

IES

MES

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

The building façades of GES, IES, MES, OHS, and PLES are deteriorating which creates a worn outside appearance to the buildings and contributes to energy loss in the buildings. Some areas of façade deterioration include brick exterior crumbling away, air and water infiltration, and entrances not sealed properly.


It is recommended for all sites to repair any façade areas that are no longer sufficiently performing their full purpose to the buildings.

Specifically, GES should repair any entrances, wall flashing, control joints, walls, bricks units, and tuck-pointing on the exterior of the building. Investigate through wall flashing by performing destructive investigation of the brick veneer, sheet metal, and membrane flashing components. All sealant and joint backing material should be removed and new sealant and material should be applied to control joints in the brick veneer. Damaged brick units are recommended to be removed and replaced and have sealer applied to the building façade. There is also a large area of poor architectural detailing and workmanship that needs to be corrected by removing and replacing existing through wall flashing. Tuck-pointing should be done at brick infills on the building façade and chimney by replacing cement mortar with lime-rich mortar. Specifically, re-point around limestone at windows, seal skyward joints in limestone sills. Tuck-point brick areas of entrances and install a gasketed performed control joint where concrete and brick veneer meet.

IES is recommended to correct the faulty transition detail between metal panels and lannon stone at the front entrance by removing and reinstalling metal panels and seal. Any loose lannon stone on the veneer should be reset, repointed, and sealer applied as needed. All sealant material around window frames should be removed and new sealant applied. There is also a large area of poor architectural detailing and workmanship that needs to be corrected by removing and replacing existing through wall flashing. For lintel repairs, three courses of brick should be removed, lintel cavity to be cleaned out, rust proof steel lintel, and install through wall flashing. Tuck-pointing should be done at brick infills on the building façade by replacing cement mortar with lime-rich mortar. Also, to tuck-point eroded mortar joints and repair the concrete along the handicapped entrance.



MES is in need of repairs to any lintels, wall flashing, parapets, brick veneers, doors, steps, ramps, and tuck-pointing of the exterior of the building. Investigate lintels and through wall flashing by performing destructive investigation of the brick veneer, steel lintel, sheet metal, and membrane flashing components. For lintel repairs, remove brick veneer and lintel flashing components, clean and rust proof steel, install lintel flashing components, and reinstall brick veneer. For parapet repairs, remove existing limestone parapet, existing metal flashing material, and ferrous pins if present. Install new stainless steel through wall flashing and reuse existing limestone parapet. For brick veneer repairs, remove existing brick, sheet metal, and membrane flashing and install a new flashing and membrane system. General façade repairs to include removing all sealant material in bed joint, cement mortar from infills on north façade, and sealant from mortar joint areas and tuck-point all with lime-rich mortar. Also to repair cracks in brick veneer using helical fasteners embedded in lime-rich mortar. At doors and front entrance, it is suggested to tear down and rebuild failing masonry wall adjacent to concrete steps and remove existing deteriorating concrete steps at entrance and rebuild. Also to repair concrete along handicapped ramp.

Furthermore, OHS is suggested to repair any entrances, chimneys, wall flashing, concrete masonry unit veneer pieces, precast concrete panels, EIFS, lintels, doors, retaining walls, and wall assembly to the exterior of the building. Perform destructive investigation of the brick veneer, CMU and termination point of structural steel purlin, opening of the wall structure exposing the existing architectural and structural detail to the cause of cracks formed in the veneer and interior CMU. Another suggestion is to waterproof CMU veneer pieces if possible. For control joints in brick veneer, remove all sealant and joint backing material and apply new joint backing material and new sealant. Perform destructive investigation of the detail to correct poor architectural detailing and workmanship on the 2004 addition. Also to correct detailing issues on the 1996 addition and perform general repairs to the sheet metal band found on the original building. The concrete chimney cap has several large cracks in it which are recommended to be addressed. In regards to precast concrete panels, remove existing control joint sealant and joint backing material between concrete panel sections and apply new sealant and joint backer for the 2004 PAC. The 1965 and 1996 additions should repair all vertical panel joints by removing and applying new joint backing material and sealant. Repairs on the EIFS, doors, and lintels include applying new sealant and joint backing material, installing water deflecting flashing above door frames, and removing sealant from lintel cavities and tail ends, respectively. The front entrance and PAC entrance should be investigated and have concrete repairs done to the steps and ramps of both entrances to ensure safety for users.

Finally, for PLES it is suggested to repair any lintels, entrances, windows, wall flashing, and tuck-pointing of the exterior of the building. For lintel repairs, three courses of brick should be removed, lintel cavity to be cleaned out, rust proof steel lintel, and install through wall flashing. Windows are recommended to have all sealant material removed and new sealant applied to the window frames. There is also an area of poor architectural detailing and workmanship that needs to be corrected by removing and replacing existing through wall flashing. At control joints in brick veneer, remove all sealant and joint backing material and apply new sealant and material.

Tuck-pointing should be done at brick infills on the building façade and chimney by replacing cement mortar with lime-rich mortar. Specifically, re-point around limestone at windows, seal skyward joints in limestone sills.



*All recommendations for this FIM reference the Façade Assessment Report done by Facility Engineering, Inc. in May 2014.

For clarity with some uncommon building façade terminology, the following definitions are provided:

• Wall flashing - Installing thin pieces of impervious material to prevent water leaking through the wall.

• Through wall flashing - Used to divert moisture, which has entered the wall, to the outside, before it can cause damage. It is used at all points where moisture may enter the wall, and in selected places particularly susceptible to water damage.

• Control joints = Intentional, controlled “cracks” in concrete or masonry to allow for expansion and prevent cracking.

• Tuck-pointing = The act of using mortar to fill in cracks between masonry where the material has decayed.

• Lintel = A supporting beam that supports the weight above a window or door.

• Veneer pieces = Decorative facing bricks.

• Exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS) = A type of building exterior wall covering that provides a material that is comprised of an insulated finished surface.



WINDOW REPLACEMENT


GES

IES

MES

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

Both GES and MES have about 647 and 682, respectively, 36"x12" single pane windows. OHS has about twelve (12) 72” x72" and six (6) 36"x72" single pane windows. PLES has an estimated 201 44"x18" and six (6) 36"x36" single pane windows.

Single pane windows retain the least amount of energy compared to other window types. This is due to having only one barrier between the heated air inside a building and the cold air outside, or vice versa. These windows conduct the inside air to the outside resulting in higher energy costs as the heaters (or air conditioners) have to work harder to keep the inside air at the desired temperature. This is especially relevant to areas with extreme temperatures such as Wisconsin.

In the main hallway at OHS, some Kal-Wal windows were installed improperly and are in need of replacement.


For all sites, the proposed recommendation is to remove and dispose of existing single pane windows and install new double pane windows. The air gap in double pane windows acts as a layer of insulation which helps retain the inside air in the building. New double pane windows would help reduce heat loss, or cooled air loss, therefore lowering energy usage and costs as well as helping create a more stable and comfortable environment.

In the main hallway at OHS, replacement of the Kal-Wal windows should be done.



WATER CONSERVATION


GES SES

IES SLIS

MES

NHIS

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

The performance of existing plumbing fixtures decreases with the aging of the equipment. Faucets leak, flush valves dump excessive water, and seals thin and break causing for unnecessary water to be used, or wasted.


The recommended action is to install new low-flow fixtures to reduce water use or re-tune existing fixtures where appropriate to match specified flow rates. This measure will emphasize increasing the operational performance of the systems with the minimum water required to create sustainable savings. The Oconomowoc School District will realize water and cost savings by the reduction in water consumption.



DOOR HARDWARE


IES

MES

OHS

Existing Conditions

Certain classroom doors in IES, MES, and OHS do not have the desired Stanley Best Lockset Intruder #9K3-7IN15D L/C S3 626. Existing locks are aged, worn, and frequently being repaired or replaced.


For IES, MES, and OHS, the proposed solution to this measure is to replace the classroom door hardware that has not yet been retrofitted with Stanley Best Lockset Intruder #9K3-7IN15D L/C S3 626.

In addition to the Stanley Best Lockset Intruder door hardware, OHS is also recommended to replace the crash bars that have not yet been retrofitted with the Von Duprin brand.

The replacement and upgrade of the existing aged door hardware will eliminate the need for continuing extra maintenance, which results in reduced operational costs, and will provided better security for faculty, staff, and students.



FLOORING UPGRADES


OHS

Existing Conditions

Some classrooms do not have carpet which is the desired floor choice as carpet helps insulate and soundproof, the rooms. In regards to other classrooms that currently have carpet, there are some rooms that are in need of new carpet.


It is recommended to install carpet in classrooms that currently do not have carpet or replace the carpet in areas in need of replacement. Having appropriate flooring, carpet in this case, can give a finished look to the rooms and create an inviting, comfortable atmosphere for students to learn in. Installation of new carpet, or replacement of old carpet, is recommended for better soundproofing and ease of maintenance.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM UPGRADES

Example Photo(s) Buildings Affected

GES

IES

MES

PLES

Existing Conditions

Existing systems should be updated to verify they meet current fire safety codes.


Replace all obsolete fire panels (and those currently in an obsolescence cycle). Where panels are not yet obsolete, panels will be updated to provide for an easier transition to a current system. Signaling in all schools does not provide for synchronization of strobes, and would need replacement to meet current code.



ASPHALT IMPROVEMENTS


IES

MES

Existing Conditions

IES and MES both have certain areas of asphalt that are in poor condition and need attention. IES areas include the path to the playground, playground, tennis courts, and the parking lot. The front lot at MES is the main area of concern for this site.


The recommendation for both IES and MES is to fix asphalt areas that are in need of attention. The path to the playground at IES would be a complete remove and replace of the asphalt. The playground, tennis courts, and parking lot at IES would use a crack filler to repair the numerous cracks and then a seal coat for aesthetics. MES would need the complete remove and replace of the asphalt for the front lot.

The Asphalt Institute states, “Sealing is effective to renew old asphalt surfaces that have become dry and brittle with age, to seal small surface cracks and surface voids, and to inhibit raveling (loss of surface aggregate). So, sealing should be done as soon as any of these distresses are noted.” These asphalt improvement will increase the life of the surface and create a safe environment for students and staff.



EXTERIOR CONCRETE


IES

MES

Existing Conditions

The current condition of the exterior concrete at both IES and MES is poor. Concrete is experiencing spider cracking, frost heave cracking, and surface deterioration.


It is recommended to replace the exterior concrete at IES and MES for all areas that are in need of repair. The existing concrete will continue to deteriorate which will rapidly lead to unsafe conditions for students and staff. The longer the concrete is left to worsen in its current condition, the more maintenance it will need and consequently, increase the cost to repair/replace.



SECURITY

Example Photo(s) Buildings Affected

GES SES

IES SLIS

MES

NHIS

OHS

PLES

Existing Conditions

Currently, the elementary schools only have about eight (8) security cameras per site. This is a low number compared to the ideal amount of about twenty-five (25) cameras per site. The intermediate schools and high schools already have larger security systems; therefore, those sites would either be on the low priority list or not need to be included in the FIM at all.

Also, IES and MES are the only two sites that currently do not have a card reader access for faculty and staff.


The recommendation for this FIM is to upgrade the security systems for the elementary schools to ensure each site if adequately equipped with security systems. Security systems would include added security cameras for each school site. NHIS, OHS, & SLIS would also have security system upgrades, however, these sites would be low priority – purpose of low priority list is to delineate the improvement measures have been considered, but will be revisited for future upgrades.

Specifically to IES and MES, a card reader access with a burglar alarm is recommended to be installed to further improve students, faculty, and staff safety.

executive summary - oconomowoc schools

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