examples of research questions handled by …aadcice.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/e/reseach/powerpoint6.pdfhigh...
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Examples of research
questions handled by
SACMEQ National Teams
EXAMPLE 1
What were the within-school and
between-school variations in Grade 6
reading achievement?
Variation in Grade 6 reading achievement (2000)
Within-school Between-school
Amount % Amount %
Botswana 58 74 20 26 Kenya 42 55 35 45 Lesotho 21 61 13 39 Malawi 17 71 7 29 Mauritius 108 74 38 26 Mozambique 29 70 12 30 Namibia 30 40 44 60 Seychelles 143 91 15 9 South Africa 43 29 103 71 Swaziland 29 64 17 36 Tanzania 49 64 27 36 Uganda 31 40 48 60 Zambia 48 68 23 32 Zanzibar 38 75 13 25
Variation in Grade 6 reading achievement (2000)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
ZAN
ZAM
UGA
TAN
SWA
SOU
SEY
NAM
MOZ
MAU
MAL
LES
KEN
BOT
Between-School Variation Within-School Variation
Variation in Grade 6 reading achievement (2000)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
ZAN
ZAM
UGA
TAN
SWA
SOU
SEY
NAM
MOZ
MAU
MAL
LES
KEN
BOT
Between-School Variation Within-School Variation
Total variance
Large SEY, SOU, MAU
Small MAL, LES
Within-school
Large SEY, MAU (streaming)
Small MAL, LES
Between-school
Large SOU, NAM (apartheid history), UGA?
Small MAL, LES, MOZ
Less equitable school systems
More equitable school systems
Between-school variation is a
measure of equity, thus ….
EXAMPLE 2b
What percentage of Grade 6 pupils had
acceptable reading skills?
Percentage of Grade 6 pupils with acceptable
reading skills in 2000
Poor Skills (Levels 1 to 3)
Acceptable Skills (Levels 4 to 8)
Botswana 26 74 Kenya 17 84 Lesotho 63 37 Malawi 78 22 Mauritius 33 68 Mozambique 18 83 Namibia 70 30 Seychelles 19 81 South Africa 50 50 Swaziland 13 87 Tanzania 18 82 Uganda 47 53 Zambia 69 32 Zanzibar 41 59 SACMEQ 40 60
Percentage of Grade 6 pupils with acceptable
reading skills in 2000
Percentages of pupils with acceptable reading skills in
2000 (Levels 4 to 8)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Malawi
Namibia
Zambia
Lesotho
South Africa
Uganda
Zanzibar
SACMEQ
Mauritius
Botswana
Seychelles
Tanzania
Mozambique
Kenya
Swaziland
EXAMPLE 4
How did social and gender differences
compare across the system?
High SES
(one std. dev. above national mean SES)
Low SES (one std. dev. below national mean SES) Difference
Botswana 587 543 44 Kenya 611 574 37 Lesotho 466 457 9 Malawi 456 437 19 Mauritius 786 711 75 Mozambique 535 520 15 Namibia 487 461 26 Seychelles 778 722 56 South Africa 550 513 37 Swaziland 563 543 19 Tanzania 605 565 41 Uganda 506 492 14 Zambia 500 459 41 Zanzibar 507 482 25
Differences in Grade 6 reading achievement of high
SES and low SES pupils (2000)
Differences in Grade 6 reading achievement of high
SES and low SES pupils (2000)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mauritius
Seychelles
Botswana
Zambia
Tanzania
Kenya
South Africa
Namibia
Zanzibar
Swaziland
Malawi
Mozambique
Uganda
Lesotho
Less social equity
More social equity
Gender differences in Grade 6 reading
achievement in 2000
Girls Boys Difference
Botswana 535 508 27 Kenya 547 547 0 Lesotho 455 447 8 Malawi 426 432 -6 Mauritius 551 524 27 Mozambique 515 519 -4 Namibia 452 447 5 Seychelles 615 550 65 South Africa 505 479 26 Swaziland 534 525 9 Tanzania 539 555 -16 Uganda 486 480 6 Zambia 441 440 1 Zanzibar 478 480 -2
Gender differences in Grade 6 reading
achievement in 2000
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
TAN
MAL
MOZ
ZAN
KEN
ZAM
NAM
UGA
LES
SWA
SOU
BOT
MAU
SEY
Girls betterBoys better
Large gender inequity inSEY
Streaming favours girls
Group Split
Average Reading Score
1 2 3 4510
515
520
525
530
535
540
545
550
555
560
565
570
575
580
585
590
595
600
605
610
All Kenyan Pupils in Sample
N=3074 Mean=547.3
Rural/Isolated Schools
N=2047 Mean=531.0
Female Teachers
N=631 Mean=589.9
Male Teachers
N=396 Mean=563.8
Female Teachers
N=794 Mean=541.0
Male Teachers
N=1254 Mean=524.6
Girl Pupils
N=345 Mean=593.5
Boy Pupils
N=285 Mean=585.6
Boy Pupils
N=209 Mean=566.8
Girl Pupils
N=188 Mean=560.5
Boy Pupils
N=407 Mean=542.4
Girl Pupils
N=387 Mean=539.5
Boy Pupils
N=625 Mean=527.5
Girl Pupils
N=628 Mean=521.7
City/Town Schools
N=1027 Mean=579.9
Tree Diagram for
Kenyan SACMEQ II Sample
(Criterion = Mean Reading Score)
Source : Ross, K. N . & Makuwa , D . (2008). "SACMEQ: Linking Policy Concerns with Educa tiona l Po licy Resea rch". Paper p resented a t the ISSC Interna tiona l Symposiumon Knowledg e and Transforma tion: Socia l a nd Human Sciences in Africa ,Cape town, South Africa , 28 November 2008.