ex aegypto lux et sapientia -...

NOVA STUDIA AEGYPTIACA IX

Ex Aegypto lux et sapientia

Homenatge al professor Josep Padró Parcerisa

edició a càrrec de:

Núria Castellano, Maite Mascort, Concepció Piedrafita i Jaume Vivó

Universitat de BarcelonaGeneralitat de Catalunya

Societat Catalana d’Egiptologia

Barcelona 2015

4

© d’aquesta edició

© del textos

© de les fotografies i dibuixos

Disseny i composició

Impressió

Dipòsit Legal

ISBN

5

Pròleg dels editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prof. Dr. Josep Padró i Parcerisa o la lluita per l’Egiptologia a casa nostra Núria Castellano, Maite Mascort, Concepció Piedrafita i Jaume Vivó . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Publicacions de Josep Padró i Parcerisa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Abdel-Rahman Ali ABDEL-RAHMANThe inscriptions of Shemanefer at Esna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bibiana AGUSTí i FARJASArqueologia funerària a la Necròpolis Alta d’Oxirrinc: la cripta 1 del Sector 26 . . . .

Paulino V. AMAT BARRIOLa arquitectura funeraria del predinástico a las primeras dinastías . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hassan AMERPtolémée II a Oxyrhynchos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Luís Manuel de ARAúJOEstudo das múmias egípcias do Museu Nacional de Arqueologia: The LisbonMummy Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sydney H. AUFRèREÀ propos du « Statut » des serpents d’après le Mythe de la Vache céleste, 56-62 . . . .

Juan Antonio BELMONTE AVILÉS, M. Carmen PÉREz DIE y Lucía DíAz-IGLESIAS LLANOSAstronomía y paisaje en Heracleópolis Magna (Ehnasya el Medina): un estudio delos templos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Enric BONDIA i DOMPEREstelas funerarias tebanas de madera, de la dinastía XXII, dedicadas a Ra Harakhty

Bernat BURGAyA MARTíNEzObjectes de bronze del jaciment d’Oxirrinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

11

25

47

49

63

71

77

81

91

107

123

135

Índex

6

ÍNDEX

Jordi CAMPILLO QUINTANAOxirrinc, una experiència arqueològica extraordinària . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Núria CASTELLANO i SOLÉUna màscara-elm de la tomba 23 d’Oxirrinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dolors CODINA REINALa mort dels més joves en el món grecoromà: la representació de l’infant a lesesteles oxirrinquites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Josep COMERMAEl mestratge del Dr. Padró . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Irene CORDóN SOLÀ-SAGALÉSMenka , una reina de la Dinastia II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Benjamí COSTA i Jordi H. FERNáNDEzNous amulets d’argent amb iconografia egípcia i representant l’ull trobats a l’illad’Eivissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ola EL AGUIzyUne stèle de famille à Saqqara. Reconsidération . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hesham ELSHAzLyA new vision in the history of Henry Bey’s coinage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marguerite ERROUX-MORFINSouhaits de félicité végétale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jordi H. FERNáNDEz, María J. LóPEz-GRANDE, Francisca VELázQUEz y Ana MEzQUIDAUn amuleto de tipología egipcia con inscripción púnica procedente de Ibiza . . . . . .

Mercè GAyA MONTSERRATLa substància djaret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ona GISBERT PUyOEl papel mágico de Isis: una aproximación a los embarazos, los alumbramientos ysus problemas derivados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Jean-Claude GOyONNouvelles attestations du titre sacerdotal ZAq znTr n pr Imn (La cuve du cercueil de Nayef-tjaou-roudj du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Josep M. GÜELL i ROUSLa Tomba del visir i Governador de la ciutat Rekhmire a Tebes (TT100) . . . . . . . . . .

Nadine GUILHOUTendre le cordeau et dérouler la corde. Moment et vocabulaire de la premièrescène du rituel de fondation du temple égyptien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

145

153

165

181

183

193

203

219

233

253

263

273

281

289

297

7

ÍNDEX

Miguel JARAMAGOUn gálata y una clepsidra en sendas colecciones arqueológicas españolas . . . . . . . .

Alejandro JIMÉNEz SERRANOMiddle Kingdom Funerary Statues of Governors in Qubbet El-Hawa . . . . . . . . . . . .

Manuel JUANEDA MAGDALENA-GABELASEscenas de fertilidad y maternidad: incentivos de vida en el Más Allá . . . . . . . . . . . .

Joaquín G. LIzANA SALAFRANCAUna representación inusual en la fauna nilótica grabada sobre escarabeos: ¿un oxirrinco? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

María Luz MANGADO ALONSOUna colección de bronces egipcios del Museo Bíblico y Oriental de León . . . . . . . . .

José Javier MARTíNEz GARCíACaracterísticas del Inframundo en el Libro de los Muertos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Maite MASCORTLa galeria 1A de l’Osireion d’Oxirrinc. Procés constructiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bernard MATHIEUEn ce temps-là… Voyage d’un incipit narratif égyptien des bords du Nil à l’Agora(Platon, Phèdre, 274d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Marc MAyER i OLIVÉUna inscripció romana trobada a Oxirrinc (Oxyrhynchus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Miguel á. MOLINERO POLOEl Egipto de Eduard Toda en la prensa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hassan NASR EL-DINEA propos de Sekhmet à Touna el-Gebel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

youhanna NESSIM yOUSSEFProcession of the Cross according to a rite of Dayr Bayad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Alberto NODAR DOMíNGUEz¿Ostracon litúrgico? papirología y arqueología en Oxirrinco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Josep PADRó PIEDRAFITAL’egiptòleg cineasta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Annie PERRAUDNécropole d’Oxyrhynchos (Moyenne-Égypte). Le traitement endocrânien desmomies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Concepció PIEDRAFITAEl prior Menas i una inscripció amb l’era de Dioclecià a Oxirrinc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

307

321

335

347

351

363

369

381

393

399

411

425

435

443

447

455

8

ÍNDEX

Josep Anton POCHLa cosmètica en l’antic Egipte comparada amb l’actual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Esther PONS MELLADOTumba 23 del yacimiento arqueológico de Oxirrinco (El-Bahnasa), Egipto . . . . . . . .

Lilian POSTELUn homme de cour de Sésostris Ier : le préposé au diadème royal Emhat (Louvre C 46 et Leyde AP 67) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pilar PUJOLVinculaciones entre el tekenu y el dios Jepri en el ritual funerario del antiguoEgipto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Irene RIUDAVETS GONzáLEzEl auge y la decadencia de los nomarcas del Egipto Medio durante el ImperioMedio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

José das Candeias SALESA «religião invisível» nas inscrições tumulares de Petosíris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Myriam SECO áLVAREz y Javier MARTíNEz BABóNLa damnatio contra Amón en la capilla de caliza del templo de Millones de Años de Tutmosis III en Luxor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pere SIMó DOMèNECHBreve nota sobre la evolución en el diseño de los carros ligeros en el antiguoEgipto y su trascendencia en la escritura jeroglífica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Anaïs TILLIERHaroéris de Qous et la XIXe province de Haute Égypte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Javier URIACHLos sacerdotes wnr: breves apuntes a propósito de una estatuilla funeraria deépoca tardía . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wim VAN NEER, Wim WOUTERS, Dolors CODINA REINA, Jean-Luc FOURNETet Sidonie PREISSDécouverte de deux salaisons de poissons à Oxyrhynchus, el-Bahnasa, Égypte . . . .

Jaume VIVóAlguns cons funeraris no vistos per Davies i Macadam (1a part) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TABULA GRATULATORIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

467

477

489

501

509

515

525

537

553

559

567

579

597

49

noVA STUDIA AEgYPTIACA IX (2015)

The inscriptions of Shemanefer at EsnaABDEL-RAHMAN ALI ABDEL-RAHMAN*

This paper will deal with the inscriptions and scenes of the god Shemanefer who is firstappeared in greco-roman period in the inscriptions of Esna temple,1 S. Sauneron was thefirst one who correctly read the name as Shemanefer.2

The name of Shemanefer isn’t mentioned only at Esna, but also on the demotic andgreek ostraca and papyri from Upper and Middle Egypt in the greco-roman period as apersonal name3 and he’s mentioned as a god on a demotic papyrus nº: 1455 from Tunaal-gebel as a secret animal belonging to the cultic events with the god Sobek4 and duringthe excavations inside the galleries of Tuna al-gebel necropolis remains of large crocodilesare found.5

THE TEXTS:

Esna II, nº: 62,7-8

hrw A pr r-HA in ∑ma-nfr di.n.f anxw m-bAH it.f mwt.f xt Hr xAwt

The third day, going forth behind by Shemanefer, he gave bouquets of leaves before hisfather and his mother, the offering is upon the altar.

Esna II, nº: 62,10-11

* Associate professor - Faculty of Archaeology - Cairo University - Egypt and Faculty of Arts and Humanities - Universityof Jazan - Saudi Arabia.

1. Ch. LEITZ (ed.), Lexikon der ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnungen, vol. VII, Lovaina, 2002, p. 82.2. S. SAUnEron, «remarques de philologie et d’égyptologie», Mélanges Mariette, Le Caire, 1961, p. 239-240.3. J. QUAEgEbEUr, «Sénénouphis, nom de femme et d' home», CdÉ 56 (1981) fasc.112, 355-356. F. de CEnIVAL, «Deux papy-

rus inédits de Lille avec une revision du P. dém. Lille 31», Enchoria 7 (1977), p. 4-5.4. I owe this information to my colleague Dr. M. Ebeid. 5. D. KESSLEr & A. nUr EL-DIn, «Tuna al-gebel. Millions of Ibises and other animals», in S. IKrAM (ed.), Divines creatures.

Animal mummies in Ancient Egypt, Cairo 2005, p. 155.

sic.

50

ABDEL RAHMAN ALI ABDEL RAHMAN

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk zA Nt aA pHty zxr xftyw.f

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek son of neith, great of strength who overthrows his foes.

Esna II, nº: 80,6

……. nay.f r.z m ∑ma-nfr SAa.n.f zA niwt.f

……. he travels towards it with Shemãnefer(a) he started the protection of his town.

Esna II, nº: 107,4

Shemanefer is mentioned between the Tutu and Imhotep

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk zA Nt nTr Spz pri m Ra kmA n Ir-wnnwt nzwt-bit iwa n Nt zmzw n Rz-Hwt.z

xfxf nTri xa m hrw xpr aA n nTr nb r Hz nb nxt xpSw ity zxr xftyw.f xnty wr n tA StA xa wHm mzxaw rnp n

HH Dt ∑ma-nfr nTr aA Hry-ib †A-znt

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek son of neith, the noble god who goes forth from reand who is created of maker of beings, the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, the heir ofneith, the elder son of Rz-Hwt.z(b) the divine destroyer(c), who appears in the day, the greatimage of every god for praising lord of might and strength, the sovereign who drives awayhis foes, the great crocodile(d) of the secret land,(f) who appears to repeat the splendor andrefresh the eternity and forever, Shemãnefer the great god in Esna.

Esna III, nº: 210,8-11

∑ma-nfr m …….

Shemanefer in …….

Esna II, nº: 135,9-13

51

THE INSCRIPTIONS OF SHEMANEFER AT ESNA

6. Ch. LEITZ, «Die beiden Kryptographischen Inschriften aus Esna mit den Widdern und Krokodilen», ZÄS 29 (2001),p. 262 (6).

Dd mdw in [∑ma-nfr] Zbk [zA Nt] xx n Nt ……. Hna mwt.f r Hwt-it nDmt zt.f m ITwy di.i n.k rzt m

iAw mHt m qz imntt iAbtt m zk tp iTA.k HDt xnt anxw

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek [son of neith] the neck of neith ……. with his motherat the father home,(f) his place settles at Latopolis,(g) I give you the south praising, the northbowing down and the west and the east wiping the head, may you hold the white crownbefore the living ones.

Esna III, nº: 253,12-15

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr [Zbk zA] Nt [nTr] aA Hry-ib Îwt-iTwy nTr wr xpr xnt tA nb twt aA n nTr nb znn anx

n nb zxt ity wD-mdw n pzDt ir zbiw.f ……. znTr ……. Hmgt? ……. aA pDzwt ……. di.i wzr pHty .k ……

recitation by Shemanefer, [Sobek son of] neith, the great [god], in Esna,(h) the great godwho creates firstly every land,6 the great image of every god, the living image of lord of thefield, the sovereign decrees words of the Ennead and makes his enemies ……. the incenseand the red stone?, ……. great of ……., I give the might of your strength.

Esna III, nº: 324,12-15

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk-Ra zA Nt nTr aA nb †A-znt znn anx n ⁄nm twt aA n nTr nb pA wAD tpy nTr ……

nTr nb ……. n iTA n Nt hrw dmD ……. tk.n.i zbiw.k m hrw zki Sad. n pzDt r xftyw.k

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek-re son of neith, the great god, lord of Esna, the livingimage of Khnum, the great image of every god, the first child of the god, ……. every god,……. for neith, the day of gathering ……. I harmed your enemies in the day of the battle,the Ennead cuts into pieces your foes.

52


Esna III, nº: 334,11-15

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk -Ra zxm Spz pri m Nt xfxf nxt bX.n z(w) Iht wbn n nwn Hna mwt.f Ra Hry-ib

wpt n Mht-wrt nTr wr m †AS Hry-ib †A-znt di.i n.k qn nxt pDwt pzDt Xry Tbw[.k]

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek-re, the noble image who goes forth from neith, thestrong destroyer who the cow Ihet is born him, who immerges of inundation with his mo-ther and re is upon the horn of Mehet-weret, the great god in Fayoum(i) who is resident inEsna, I gave you strength, might and the nine bows are under [your] sandals.

Esna VI, nº: 484,9-13

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk-Ra Zxm Spz pri m Nt xfxf nTr nxt bX.n zw Iht wbn n nwn Hna mwt.f Ra Hry-

ib wpt n Mht-wrt nTr wr m †AS Hry-ib †A-znt di.i n.k qn nxt pDwt pzDt Xry Tbw[.k]

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek-re, the noble image who goes forth from neith, thedestroyer, the strong god who Ihet is born him, who immerges of inundation with his mo-ther and re is upon the horn of Mehet-weret, the great god in Fayoum is resident in Esna,I gave you strength, might and the nine bows are under [your] sandals.

Esna VI, nº: 486,7-10

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk zA Nt nTr aA Hry-ib Îwt-iTwy xnty wr xpr xpr aA n nTr nb znn anx n nb zxt ity

wD-mdw n pzDt nTr wr m †AS Hry-ib †A-znt

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek son of neith, the great god in Esna, the great crocodilewho is created the great image of every god, the living image of lord of the field, the sove-reign decrees words of the Ennead, the great god in Fayoum is resident in Esna.

53


Esna VI, nº: 511,10-13

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk zA Nt axm wr nxt iTA r-Dr[-n]-Hr.f zn.n.f wdi r.f znn anx n ⁄nm Ra pw zA Iht

di[.i] n.k pDt nfrt m mwt-nTr r mDd Haw n zbiw.k

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek son of neith, the great image, the strong and capturerto the limit of his face, he kissed what puts to him, the living image of Khnum, he is re sonof Ahet cow, [i] give you the beautiful bow of the divine mother to cast (lit: to press hardon)(j) the members of your enemies.

Esna VI, nº: 528,9-11

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk ity nb anx aA nrw zA Nt xfxf pA nTr n MHT-wrt di[.i] n.k xt nbt di pt qmA tA

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek, the sovereign, lord of life, great of fear, son of neith,the destroyer, the god of Mehet-weret, I give you everything which the heaven gives andwhich the land creates.

Esna VII, 558

Dd mdw in [∑ma-nfr] ……. zA7 n Nt ity nb anx aA pHty xfxf nxt naS -------- di.n.i tA nb m kz n bAw.k

xAzwt nbw xri Xry Tbw.k

recitation by [Shemanefer] ……. the child of neith, the sovereign, lord of the life, greatof strength, the strong destroyer, the loud one ------- I give you all lands bowing down foryour souls and all foreign countries falling under your sandals.

7. the sign is here extra (see: S. SAUnEron, Esna, 6 vol., IFAo, Le Caire, 1959-1975, Esna II, nº: 135,9. Esna VI,nº: 528,10).

54


Esna VII 561

Dd mdw in Zbk-∑ma-nfr nTr aA Hry-ib †A-znt nTr wr xp(r) m HAt ity nfr pr m nn(=wrd) nb kAw aSA

DfAw xp(r) m Rnnwt nb m r-awy.f baH Ht.⁄nm m nfrw di.(i) n.k Htpw DfAw r grw.k ixt nbt nfrt r znw.k

recitation by Sobek-Shemanefer, the great god who residence at Esna, the great godwho creates in the beginning, the good sovereign who comes from the inert (=the flood)lord of the offerings, plentiful of supplies who creates from renenut, the master with hishandwork who flooded in the temple of Khnum (= Esna) with the beauty, I give you theofferings and supplies more than your offerings and every beautiful thing more than yourofferings.

Esna VII, 599,13 = LD IV, 16, text, ß

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr Zbk zA Nit ity HqA tAwy bz Dzr imn r nTrw Hwn n mwt.f ir mr.z xftyw.f xr Xry

gAbty.f di.i nxt awy.k r……. Xftyw.k

recitation by Shemanefer, Sobek son of neith, the sovereign who rules the two lands,who immerges sacred the image more than the gods, the child of his mother who makesher love, his foes fall under his arms, I give you the strength of your arms to……. your foes.

Esna VII, 616

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr ……. zxm Spz pri m [Nt] di.(i) n.k Pwnt HfA m inw.f

recitation by Shemanefer ……. the august image comes from neith. I give you Punt prai-sing with his products.

55


Esna VII, 629

8. Esna V, p. 115 n.(r).9. Esna V, p. 111, §6.

10. A. ErMAn, H. grAPoW, Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, vol. III, berlin, 1971, p. 274, 1.11. J. de MorgAn et alii., Catalogue des monuments et inscriptions de l’Égypte antique, vol. 1, De la frontière de Nubie à Kom Ombos,

Viena, Holzhausen, 1894, p. 143, 151 b.12. P. WILSon. A Ptolemaic Lexicon: A Lexicographical Study of the Texts in the Temple of Edfu, Leuven, 1997, p. 739; D. MEEKS,

«notes de lexicographie», RdE 28 (1976), p. 90.13. A. gArDInEr, «Hymns to Amon from a Leiden Papyrus», ZÄS 42 (1905), p. 29 n. 4.

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr- Zbk-Ra zA Nt nTr wr Hry-ib †A-znt xpr znn aA n nTr nTrt xftyw m ab kA.ti Hr zt.f

wrt ……. [di.i] n.k ……. nb m ≈nt- [tA] …….

recitation by Shemanefer-Sobek-re son of neith, the great god who is residence at Esna,who creates the great image of the god and goddess, the foes is slaying high upon his greatplace, [I give] you every ……. in Esna(k) …….

Esna VII, 636

Dd mdw in ∑ma-nfr nTr aA Hry-ib †A-znt di.(i) n.k tAwy xAzwt kz n bAw.k

recitation by Shemanefer, the great god who residence at Esna, I give you the two landsand the foreign lands bowing for your kas (=souls).

COMMENT:

(a). It is rare that the name of Shemanefer is written with the complete letters as .

(b). Rzt-Hwt.z it is an epithet of the goddess neith figured as a kneeling woman with acrocodile head wearing the red crown and nursing two crocodiles,8 the expression means«the guard of her mansion.»9

(c). xfxf the destroyer, the dictionary of berlin recorded the word xfxf as «to da-mage/ crush,»10 in our texts the word took the determinative of the crocodile ,

in referring to the destroying power of the crocodile, the god Sobek took this title atKom-ombo temple,11 it’s possible that it’s an epithet for the gods represented as a crocodile.

(d). xnty a crocodile, the word xnty explains as «that who is in the front» deriving fromxnt «front» and referring to the crocodile lying on its face12 or from xnt «to sail south» refe-rring to the crocodile swimming upstream.13

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(e). †A StA the secret land, it refers to a name of a city which adores the crocodile godSobek-re, it may be the Crocodilopolis in Middle Egypt.14

(f). Hwt-it this name means «the mansion of the father» and refers to the temple of Esnaand the god of the temple Khnum.15

(g). TAwy gauthier read this name as TATA, but I prefer to read it TAwy, it is clear that thename was written in dual, it means «the city of two birds» and refers in the greco-romantime to the 3rd nome of Upper Egypt (Latopolis nome) and to the city of Esna.16

(h). Hwt-TAwy the mansion of the two birds, it is the name of the metropolis of the 3rd nomeof Upper Egypt (Esna).

(i). †A S the land of the lake, it is the name of the whole province of Fayoum, becausethe lake was the main feature of the district,18 brugsch sees that †A S refers only to the districtbetween the Moeris lake and the desert, but the same name was given to the metropolis ofFayoum (Sdt) Crocodilopolis and later Arsinoe, modern Medinet El-Fayoum.19

(j). The fundamental meaning of mDd seems to be «press hard, violently» the word canbe used with or without object.20

(k). ≈nt-tA, and it is, as Sauneron adds, «localité Latopolitaine bien connue pour être la partiede la lionne Menhyt»,21 in spite of that, gauthier suggests this locality to be in Elephantine,22

≈nt-tA is mentioned frequently with the goddess Menhyt at Esna she is «the mistress ofKhent-ta.»23

THE NAME:

The Egyptologists first read the name of Shemanefer wrong as ÎD-nfr, because the namewas written with the sign and they confused between the phonetic value of the whitecrown HD,24 but Sauneron corrected this reading to ∑ma-nfr,25 he found examples of the name'swriting in full phonetic letters,26 in spite of the most writings of the name was with the white

14. H. gAUTHIEr, Dictionaire des noms géographiques contenus dans les textes hieroglyphiques, VI, Le Caire, 1929, p. 33.15. H. gAUTHIEr, Dictionaire des noms géographiques contenus dans les textes hieroglyphiques, IV, Le Caire, 1927, p. 53.16. gAUTHIEr, Op. cit. note 14, VI, p. 70.17. gAUTHIEr, Op. cit. note 15, IV, p. 142.18. W. F. PETrIE, Hawara, Biahmu and Arsinoe, London, 1889,1, pl. III, V; J. YoYoTTE, «Processions géographiques mentionant

le Fayoum et ses localités», BIFAO 61 (1962), p. 107 n.1, 111 n.2.19. gAUTHIEr, Op. cit. note 14, VI, p. 33-34.20. A. bLACKMAn & H. FAIrMAn, «The Myth of Horus at Edfu», JEA 29 (1943), p. 19-20.21. S. SAUnEron, «remarques de philology et d’Etymologie (en marge des texts d’Esna)», in: Mélanges Mariette (bdE), 1961,

p. 239. 22. gAUTHIEr, Op. cit. note 15, IV, p. 184.23. AbDEL-rAHMAn ALI, «The dance for appeasing Menhyt-nebtou at Esna», Philippika 35 (2010), p. 155. Esna III, nº:

226,10; 236,8; 254,12; 371,12. Esna VII, nº: 520,11. 24. H. gAUTHIEr, «Le dieu », Kêmi I, 1928, p. 118.25. SAUnEron, Op. cit. note 21, p. 239-240.26. Esna II, nº: 80,6.

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crown sign , the symbol of Upper Egypt which is read Sma,27 so it is sometimes replacedwith the sign which confirms this reading.28 Also this is appeared in full writing in allletters .29

The name of Shemanefer took more than determinative such as 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,35, 36. All those determinatives represent a crocodile in different shapes.

SHEMANEFER FORMS:

The famous form of the god Shemanefer is represented in a human body with a crocodilehead where he shows catching the wAz-scepter in his left hand and anx-sign in his right hand,he appears wearing different crowns such as hmhm-crown 37, solar disk 38, two plumesabove ram horns or 39, in unique scene the god Shemanefer appeared in completeform of crocodile placing a sun disk upon his head.40

HIS RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER GODS:

The god Shemanefer is connected with two main gods, the first one is the goddess neithwho is his mother and the texts describe him as «the son of neith»42 and «who was bornfrom neith»42. The goddess neith connected with the cow Mehet-weret since the PyramidsTexts,43 and with the cow Iehet since the XIXth dynasty, in the late and Ptolemaic period wefind the documents of Sais speak about «the priest of neith the cow» and «the priest of thecow mistress of Sais.»44 In greco-roman period neith continues to deal as Mehet-weret oras Iehet who was born the god re «Iehet the great who was born re»45 and «neith the greatcow who was born re.»46

27. H. W. FAIrMAn, «An Introduction to the Study of Ptolemaic Signs and their Values», BIFAO 43, p. 99-100.28. Esna II, nº: 62,10. Esna nº: 599,13.29. Esna II, nº: 80, 6.30. Esna II, nº: 62,10.31. Esna III, nº: 210,8; 253,12. Esna VI, nº: 486,7.32. Esna II, nº: 80,6; 107,4; 135,9.33. Esna VI, nº: 528,9.34. Esna III, nº: 324,12.35. Esna III, nº: 334,11. Esna nº: 599,13.36. Esna VI, nº: 484,9; 511,10.37. Esna II, nº: 62. Esna III, nº: 253, 324. Esna VI, nº: 511.38. Esna III, nº: 334. Esna VI, nº: 484, 528.39. Esna III, nº: 210. Esna VI, nº: 486.40. Esna II, nº: 135. 41. Esna II, nº: 62, 11; 135,9. Esna III, nº: 324,12.42. Esna III, nº: 334,11-12. Esna VI, nº: 484,9-10.43. K. SETHE, Die altägyptischen Pyramidentexte nach den Papierabdrücken und Photographien des Berliner Museums, 4 vol., Leipzig,

1908-1922, Pyr. 507 a-c, 509 a-c, 510 A-b.44. r. EL-SAYED, Les documents de la déesse Neith à Sais I, bibliothèque d’Étude LXXXVI, IFAo, Le Caire, 1982, p. 24-26.45. Esna VII, nº: 492,7.46. Esna III, nº: 216,6.

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Shemanefer considered together with Tutu as the sons of the goddess neith;47 it is pos-sible that he connected with neith because he took the form of crocodile god Sobek. Thelater god Sobek bears the title «son of neith» since the Pyramids Texts,48 the goddess neithwas represented as a woman suckling two crocodile,49 one of them may be Shemanefer.50

The other god is the god Sobek where Shemanefer is represented in his form and he’sconnected with him as ∑ma-nfr-Zbk51 and ∑ma-nfr-Zbk-Ra.52

47. o. KAPAr, The Egyptian god Tutu, a study on the sphinx god and master of demons with a corpus of monuments, Leuven, Paris-Dudly, 2003, p. 105-106.

48. Pyr. 510 a.49. SAYED, Op. cit. note 44, II, Doc. 644, pl. 10.50. Esna III, nº: 216,14; Esna VIII, nº: 38.51. Esna II, nº: 62,10; 135,9; 210,8; Esna III, nº: 253,12; Esna VI, nº: 486,7; 511,10; 528,9; 599,13.52. Esna III, nº: 324,12; 334,11. Esna VI, nº: 484,9.

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Esna II, nº: 62, 10-11

Esna II, nº: 135

Esna III, nº: 210

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Esna VI, nº: 528

Esna VI, nº: 486

Esna VII, nº: 558

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Esna VII, nº: 561

Esna VII, nº: 599, 13 = LD IV, 16, text ß

Esna VII, nº: 636

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